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Anti-Inflammatory Nutrients and Obesity-Associated Metabolic-Inflammation: State of the Art and Future Direction
Open accessAbstract
Growing evidence supports the hypothesis that dietary factors may play a role in systemic low-grade chronic inflammation. Summary evidence from randomized controlled trials has shown substantial effects on biomarkers of inflammation following the adoption of plant-based diets (including, but not limited to, the Mediterranean diet), while consistent findings have been reported for higher intakes of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables and positive trends observed for the consumption of legumes, pulses, nuts, and olive oil. Among animal food groups, dairy products have been shown to have the best benefits on biomarkers of inflammation, while red meat and egg have been shown to have neutral effects. The present review provides an overview of the mechanisms underlying the relation between dietary factors and immune system, with a focus on specific macronutrient and non-nutrient phytochemicals (polyphenols) and low-grade inflammation. Substantial differences within each macronutrient group may explain the conflicting results obtained regarding foods high in saturated fats and carbohydrates, underlying the role of specific subtypes of molecules (i.e., short-chain fatty acids or fiber vs. long chain fatty acids or free added sugars) when exploring the relation between diet and inflammation, as well as the importance of the food matrix and the commixture of foods in the context of whole dietary patterns. Dietary polyphenols and oligopeptides have been hypothesized to exert several functions, including the regulation of the inflammatory response and effects on the immune system. Overall, evidence suggests that dietary factors may affect the immune system regardless of obesity-related inflammation.
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“On the other hand, nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics offer promising conceptual frameworks for understanding how genetic variants affect nutrient response and how diet can modulate gene expression [143,144].”
From The Seven Methods for the Evaluation of Nutritional Status—ABCDEFG: Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [144]
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“Evidence indicates that macronutrients and micronutrients can modulate pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cascades, influencing a person’s baseline inflammatory status [19].”
From A Cross-Talk between Diet and the Oral Microbiome: Balance of Nutrition on Inflammation and Immune System’s Response during Periodontitis (2022) · cites this paper as [19]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Grosso, G., Laudisio, D., Frias-Toral, E., Barrea, L., Muscogiuri, G., Savastano, S., & Colao, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Catania (IT)
- Federico II University Hospital (IT)
- School of Medicine, Santiago de Guayaquil Catholic University, Av. Pdte. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador
- Pegaso University (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Muscogiuri, Giovanna
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-03-08
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1137
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8954840
- OpenAlex
- W4220747438
- Cited by
- 255
- References
- 177
- Citations by year
- 2026: 59 · 2025: 89 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 9
- FWCI
- 9.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Servier
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Keywords
- anti-inflammatory nutrients, obesity, low-grade inflammation, dietary polyphenols, plant-based diet, Mediterranean diet, whole grains, fruits and vegetables, Fabaceae, dairy products, red meat, macronutrients, short-chain fatty acids, dietary fiber, oligopeptides, food matrix, immune regulation, inflammatory markers
- MeSH terms
- Nutrients, Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Dietary Fiber, Inflammation, Obesity, Diet, Mediterranean
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