The Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Polyphenols

Yahfoufi, Nour; Alsadi, Nawal; Jambi, Majed; Matar, Chantal

doi:10.3390/nu10111618

Cited by 1,737Phytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesExercise and Physiological ResponsesPhytochemistry and Biological Activities

The Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Polyphenols

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Yahfoufi, Nour, Alsadi, Nawal, Jambi, Majed, Matar, Chantal·2018·Nutrients

DOI 10.3390/nu10111618PMC PMC6266803

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Abstract

This review offers a systematic understanding about how polyphenols target multiple inflammatory components and lead to anti-inflammatory mechanisms. It provides a clear understanding of the molecular mechanisms of action of phenolic compounds. Polyphenols regulate immunity by interfering with immune cell regulation, proinflammatory cytokines’ synthesis, and gene expression. They inactivate NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) and modulate mitogen-activated protein Kinase (MAPk) and arachidonic acids pathways. Polyphenolic compounds inhibit phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B (PI3K/AkT), inhibitor of kappa kinase/c-Jun amino-terminal kinases (IKK/JNK), mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) which is a protein complex that controls protein synthesis, and JAK/STAT. They can suppress toll-like receptor (TLR) and pro-inflammatory genes’ expression. Their antioxidant activity and ability to inhibit enzymes involved in the production of eicosanoids contribute as well to their anti-inflammation properties. They inhibit certain enzymes involved in reactive oxygen species ROS production like xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase (NOX) while they upregulate other endogenous antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (Px). Furthermore, they inhibit phospholipase A2 (PLA2), cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) leading to a reduction in the production of prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs) and inflammation antagonism. The effects of these biologically active compounds on the immune system are associated with extended health benefits for different chronic inflammatory diseases. Studies of plant extracts and compounds show that polyphenols can play a beneficial role in the prevention and the progress of chronic diseases related to inflammation such as diabetes, obesity, neurodegeneration, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases, among other conditions.

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Polyphenols have an anti-inflammatory function; they inhibit proinflammatory molecules and modulate inflammatory pathways like NF-κB, MAPK, and the arachidonic acid pathway.
“It has been shown that polyphenols have an anti-inflammatory function. They inhibit proinflammatory molecules and modulate the inflammatory pathways like NF-κB, MAPK and the arachidonic acid pathway [17].”
From Mediterranean Diet as an Antioxidant: The Impact on Metabolic Health and Overall Wellbeing (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
Specific nutritional components and general dietary patterns may have anti-inflammatory effects.
“Specific nutritional components (eg, polyphenols and polyunsaturated fats) and general dietary patterns (eg, consumption of a Mediterranean diet) may also have anti-inflammatory effects,14 19 20”
From Food and mood: How do diet and nutrition affect mental wellbeing? (2020) · cites this paper as [19]

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“Specifically, they suppress pro-inflammatory molecules and modulate inflammatory pathways, including NF-κ B, AMP-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the arachidonic acid pathway (141) .”

Authors: Yahfoufi, N., Alsadi, N., Jambi, M., & Matar, C.
Affiliations: University of Ottawa (CA)
Corresponding author: Matar, Chantal
ORCID: Alsadi, Nawal
Matar, Chantal
Venue: Nutrients
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2018-11-02
Volume: 10
Issue: 11
Pages: 1618
ISSN: 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/nu10111618
PMC: PMC6266803
OpenAlex: W2899052178
Cited by: 1,737
References: 203
Citations by year: 2026: 200 · 2025: 269 · 2024: 289 · 2023: 260 · 2022: 258 · 2021: 229 · 2020: 172 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 1 · 2013: 1
FWCI: 11.87
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
dx.doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
uO Research (University of Ottawa) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
University of Ottawa - Library
Funders: University of Ottawa
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
Keywords: polyphenols, immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory mechanism, NF-κB signaling, MAPK signaling, PI3K/Akt signaling, JAK/STAT signaling, mTORC1, Toll-like receptors, eicosanoid biosynthesis, antioxidant activity, reactive oxygen species, cyclooxygenase inhibition, lipoxygenase inhibition, chronic inflammation, plant extracts, chronic disease prevention
MeSH terms: Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Immunologic Factors, Cytokines, Polyphenols

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The Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Polyphenols

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