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Acute energy deprivation affects skeletal muscle protein synthesis and associated intracellular signaling proteins in physically active adults

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Pasiakos, Stefan M., Vislocky, Lisa M., Carbone, John W., Altieri, Nicholas, Konopelski, Karen, Freake, Hedley C., Anderson, Jeffrey M., Ferrando, Arny A. +2 more·2010·The Journal of Nutrition
DOI 10.3945/jn.109.118372
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Abstract

To date, few studies have characterized the influence of energy deprivation on direct measures of skeletal muscle protein turnover. In this investigation, we characterized the effect of an acute, moderate energy deficit (10 d) on mixed muscle fractional synthetic rate (FSR) and associated intracellular signaling proteins in physically active adults. Eight men and 4 women participated in a 20-d, 2-phase diet intervention study: weight maintenance (WM) and energy deficient (ED; approximately 80% of estimated energy requirements). Dietary protein (1.5 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)) and fat (approximately 30% of total energy) were constant for WM and ED. FSR and intracellular signaling proteins were measured on d 10 of both interventions using a primed, constant infusion of [(2)H(5)]-phenylalanine and Western blotting techniques, respectively. Participants lost approximately 1 kg body weight during ED (P < 0.0001). FSR was reduced approximately 19% (P < 0.05) for ED (0.06 +/- 0.01%/h) compared with WM (0.074 +/- 0.01%/h). Protein kinase B and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 phosphorylation were lower (P < 0.05) during ED compared with WM. AMP activated protein kinase phosphorylation decreased (P < 0.05) over time regardless of energy status. These findings show that FSR and associated synthetic intracellular signaling proteins are downregulated in response to an acute, moderate energy deficit in physically active adults and provide a basis for future studies assessing the impact of prolonged, and perhaps more severe, energy restriction on skeletal muscle protein turnover.

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  • There is good physiological reason to expect ribosome production to be constrained under caloric deficit.

    “there is good physiological reason to expect it to be constrained under caloric deficit [163]”

    From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [163]

    The Discussion (page not provided) reports reduced skeletal muscle protein synthesis and diminished translation-initiation signaling after a 10-day energy deficit. This provides a physiological reason to expect constraints on protein synthesis, but the paper does not examine ribosome production itself. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Energy availability may be even more important than total protein intake in determining whether ribosome biogenesis can be supported over time.

    “Energy availability may be even more important than total protein intake in determining whether ribosome biogenesis can be supported over time.”

    From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [163]

    The Discussion (page unavailable) reports reduced muscle protein synthesis and related signaling during a 10-day energy deficit despite protein intake of 1.5 g/kg/day. That supports a role for energy availability, but the paper does not establish that it is more important than protein intake, or assess ribosome biogenesis over time. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Enhanced SM proteolysis occurs in response to hypoinsulinaemia, a physiological feature of NEB.

    “this provides a mechanism whereby enhanced SM proteolysis occurs in response to hypoinsulinaemia (a physiological feature of NEB) [85,90].”

    From Optimised Skeletal Muscle Mass as a Key Strategy for Obesity Management (2025) · cites this paper as [90]

    The Discussion (page not specified) reports reduced insulin concentrations during an energy deficit and suggests they may contribute to reduced skeletal muscle protein synthesis. The Introduction (page not specified) describes increased whole-body proteolysis during acute energy deprivation, but distinguishes whole-body findings from skeletal muscle responses. The paper does not establish that low insulin enhances skeletal muscle proteolysis. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • A 10-day moderate NEB resulted in a 19% reduction in fasting SM protein synthesis.

    “a 10-day moderate NEB resulted in a 19% reduction in fasting SM protein synthesis [85,90].”

    From Optimised Skeletal Muscle Mass as a Key Strategy for Obesity Management (2025) · cites this paper as [90]

  • Ribosome production is metabolically expensive.

    “Ribosome production is metabolically expensive”

    From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [163]

    The Discussion (page not available in our copy) reports reduced skeletal muscle protein synthesis during energy deprivation, but does not address the metabolic cost of producing ribosomes. Searches for ribosome production, ribosome biogenesis, and energy cost found no passage supporting the claim. (LLM, conf=0.76)

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Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. National Academy of Sciences. Institute of Medicine. Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2005.
  2. Rennie MJ, Tipton KD. Protein and amino acid metabolism during and after exercise and the effects of nutrition. Annu Rev Nutr. 2000;20:457-83.

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Authors
Pasiakos, S. M., Vislocky, L. M., Carbone, J. W., Altieri, N., Konopelski, K., Freake, H. C., Anderson, J. M., Ferrando, A. A., Wolfe, R. R., & Rodriguez, N. R.
Affiliations
  • University of Connecticut (US)
  • University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (US)
Corresponding author
Rodriguez, Nancy R.
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2010-04
Volume
140
Issue
4
Pages
745-751
ISSN
0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3945/jn.109.118372
OpenAlex
W2141308679
Cited by
176
References
48
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
FWCI
3.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • University of Connecticut
  • National Cattlemen's Beef Association
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Keywords
caloric restriction, skeletal muscle protein synthesis, fractional synthesis rate, protein turnover, Akt, eIF4E-binding protein 1, AMPK, physically active adults, weight loss, dietary protein
MeSH terms
Diet, Energy Metabolism, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Hormones, Humans, Male, Motor Activity, Muscle Proteins, Phenylalanine, Down-Regulation, Muscle, Skeletal, Caloric Restriction, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Amino-Acid N-Acetyltransferase, Young Adult

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