CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 34Regulation of Appetite and ObesityAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Very low volume sprint interval exercise suppresses subjective appetite, lowers acylated ghrelin, and elevates GLP-1 in overweight individuals: A pilot study

Open access
Holliday, Adrian, Blannin, Andrew·2017·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu9040362PMC PMC5409701
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

High-intensity exercise has been shown to elicit a transient suppression of appetite and create a more anorexigenic profile of appetite-associated hormones. It is yet to be fully elucidated whether such a response is observed following very low-volume, intermittent exercise at supramaximal intensity in those who are overweight. Eight overweight individuals (BMI 27.7 ± 1.7 kg·m2) completed resting (REST) and exercise (EX) trials in a counterbalanced order. EX consisted of 4 × 30 s “flat-out” cycling on an ergometer (adapted Wingate test). Two hours post-exercise (or REST), participants were presented with an ad libitum meal. Subjective appetite measures and blood samples were obtained throughout. Subjective appetite, measured using VAS, was significantly lower immediately after exercise compared with REST (38.0 ± 28.5 mm vs. 75.1 ± 26.2 mm, p = 0.018, d = 1.09). This difference remained significant 30 min post-exercise. Acylated ghrelin concentration was suppressed in EX compared with REST immediately post-exercise (113.4 ± 43.0 pg·mL−1 vs. 189.2 ± 91.8 pg·mL−1, p = 0.03, d = 1.07) and remained lower until the ad libitum test-meal. Area-under-the-curve for GLP-1 concentration was significantly greater for EX, versus REST. There was no difference in absolute ad libitum intake or relative energy intake. As little as 4 × 30 s of “flat-out” cycling was sufficient to elicit a transient suppression of appetite and an enduring suppression of plasma acylated ghrelin. Nonetheless, food intake 2-h post-exercise was unaffected.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/nu9040362

Cites

9 of 9 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Vigorous land-based exercise suppresses hunger at intensities typically greater than 60-65% of VO2max.

    “It is well established that vigorous land-based exercise suppresses hunger at intensities typically >60-65% of VO 2 max (Broom et al., 2007;Holliday & Blannin, 2017).”

    From Influence of water-based exercise on energy intake, appetite, and appetite-related hormones in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as Holliday & Blannin, 2017

    The Introduction (page unavailable) says high-intensity exercise has repeatedly been shown to transiently suppress appetite, and the Discussion reports suppression after maximal-effort cycling. Neither passage establishes the claimed typical threshold of >60–65% VO₂max; the paper’s own exercise protocol was not tested at that cutoff. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 33

  1. [2]Broom D.R. Batterham R.L. King J.A. Stensel D.J. Influence of resistance and aerobic exercise on hunger, circulating levels of acylated ghrelin, and peptide YY in healthy males Am. J. Physiol. Reg. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 2009 296 R29 R35 10.1152/ajpregu.90706.2008 18987287 · DOI
  2. [3]Burns S.F. Broom D.R. Miyashita M. Mundy C. Stensel D.J. A single session of treadmill running has no effect on plasma total ghrelin concentrations J. Sports Sci. 2007 25 635 642 10.1080/02640410600831856 17454530 · DOI
  3. [4]King J.A. Wasse L.K. Ewens J. Crystallis K. Emmanuel J. Batterham R.L. Stensel D.J. Differential acylated ghrelin, peptide YY3-36, appetite, and food intake responses to equivalent energy deficits created by exercise and food restriction J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2011 96 1114 1121 10.1210/jc.2010-2735 21270331 · DOI
  4. [5]Martins C. Morgan L.M. Bloom S.R. Robertson M.D. Effects of exercise on gut peptides, energy intake and appetite J. Endocrinol. 2007 193 251 258 10.1677/JOE-06-0030 17470516 · DOI
  5. [6]Ueda S.Y. Yoshikawa T. Katsura Y. Usui T. Fujimoto S. Comparable effects of moderate intensity exercise on changes in anorectic gut hormone levels and energy intake to high intensity exercise J. Endocrinol. 2009 203 357 364 10.1677/JOE-09-0190 19737911 · DOI · Paper page
  6. [7]Ueda S.Y. Yoshikawa T. Katsura Y. Usui T. Nakao H. Fujimoto S. Changes in gut hormone levels and negative energy balance during aerobic exercise in obese young males J. Endocrinol. 2009 201 151 159 10.1677/JOE-08-0500 19158129 · DOI
  7. [10]Bartlett J.D. Hwa Joo C. Jeong T.-S. Louhelainen J. Cochran A.J. Gibala M.J. Morton J.P. Matched work high-intensity interval and continuous running induce similar increases in PGC-1 mRNA, AMPK, p38, and p53 phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle J. Appl. Physiol. 2012 112 1135 1143 10.1152/japplphysiol.01040.2011 22267390 · DOI
  8. [12]Burgomaster K.A. Hughes S.C. Heigenhauser G.J.F. Bradwell S.N. Gibala M.J. Six sessions of sprint interval training increases muscle oxidative potential and cycle endurance capacity in humans J. Appl. Physiol. 2005 98 1985 1990 10.1152/japplphysiol.01095.2004 15705728 · DOI
  9. [15]Babraj J.A. Vollaard N.B.J. Keast C. Guppy F.M. Cottrell G. Timmons J.A. Extremely short duration high intensity interval training substantially improves insulin action in young healthy males BMC Endocr. Disord. 2009 9 3 10.1186/1472-6823-9-3 19175906 PMC2640399 · DOI · Paper page
  10. [16]Little J.P. Gillen J.B. Percival M.E. Safdar A. Tarnopolsky M.A. Punthakee Z. Gibala M.J. Low-volume high-intensity interval training reduces hyperglycemia and increases muscle mitochondrial capacity in patients with type 2 diabetes J. Appl. Physiol. 2011 111 1554 1560 10.1152/japplphysiol.00921.2011 21868679 · DOI · Paper page
  11. [17]Freese E.C. Gist N.H. Acitelli R.M. McConnell W.J. Beck C.D. Hausman D.B. Murrow J.R. Cureton K.J. Evans E.M. Acute and chronic effects of sprint interval exercise on postprandial lipemia in women at-risk for the metabolic syndrome J. Appl. Physiol. 2015 118 872 879 10.1152/japplphysiol.00380.2014 25593284 · DOI
  12. [18]Freese E.C. Levine A.S. Chapman D.P. Hausman D.B. Cureton K.J. Effects of acute sprint interval cycling and energy replacement on postprandial lipemia J. Appl. Physiol. 2011 111 1581 1589 10.1152/japplphysiol.00416.2011 21852403 · DOI
  13. [19]Biddle S.J.H. Batterham A.M. High-intensity interval exercise training for public health: A big HIT or shall we HIT it on the head? Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2015 12 95 10.1186/s12966-015-0254-9 26187579 PMC4506613 · DOI · Paper page
  14. [20]Boutcher S.H. High-intensity intermittent exercise and fat loss J. Obes. 2011 2011 868305 10.1155/2011/868305 21113312 PMC2991639 · DOI
  15. [21]De Feo P. Is high-intensity exercise better than moderate-intensity exercise for weight-loss? Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2013 23 1037 1042 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.06.002 24119988 · DOI
  16. [22]Deighton K. Barry R. Connon C.E. Stensel D.J. Appetite, gut hormone and energy intake responses to low volume sprint interval and traditional endurance exercise Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2013 113 1147 1156 10.1007/s00421-012-2535-1 23111564 · DOI
  17. [23]Beaulieu K. Olver T.D. Abbott K.C. Lemon P.W.R. Energy intake over 2 days is unaffeted by acute sprint interval exercise despite increased appetite and energy expenditure Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 2015 40 79 86 10.1139/apnm-2014-0229 25494974 · DOI
  18. [24]Metcalfe R.S. Koumanov F. Ruffino J.S. Stokes K.A. Holman G.D. Thompson D. Vollaard N.B.J. Physiological and molecular responses to an acute bout of reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT) Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2015 115 2321 2334 10.1007/s00421-015-3217-6 26156806 · DOI
  19. [25]Bailey D.P. Smith L.R. Christmas B.C. Taylor L. Stensel D.J. Deighton K. Douglas J.A. Kerr C.J. Appetite and gut hormone responses to moderate-intensity continuous exercise versus high-intensity interval exercise, in normoxic and hypoxic conditions Appetite 2015 89 237 245 10.1016/j.appet.2015.02.019 25700630 · DOI
  20. [26]Hazell T.J. Islam H. Hallworth J.R. Copeland J.L. Total PYY and GLP-1 responses to submaximal continuous supramaximal sprint interval cycling in men Appetite 2017 108 238 244 10.1016/j.appet.2016.10.006 27721013 · DOI
  21. [27]Alkahtani S.A. Byrne N.M. Hills A.P. King N.A. Acute interval exercise intensity does not affect appetite and nutrient preferences in overweight and obese males Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 2014 23 232 238 24901092
  22. [29]Sim A.Y. Wallman K.E. Fairchild T.J. Guelfi K.J. High-intensity intermittent exercise attenuates ad-libitum energy intake Int. J. Obes. 2013 38 417 422 10.1038/ijo.2013.102 23835594 · DOI
  23. [30]Deighton K. Batterham R.L. Stensel D.J. Appetite and gut peptide responses to exercise and calorie restriction. The effect of modest energy deficits Appetite 2014 81 52 59 10.1016/j.appet.2014.06.003 24911618 · DOI
  24. [31]Van Strien T. Frijters J.E.R. Bergers G.P.A. Defares P.B. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) for assessment of restrained, emotional, and external eating behavior Int. J. Eat. Disord. 1986 5 295 315 10.1002/1098-108X(198602)5:2<295::AID-EAT2260050209>3.0.CO;2-T · DOI
  25. [32]Borg G.A.V. Perceived exertion: A note on history and methods Med. Sci. Sports Exer. 1973 5 90 93 10.1249/00005768-197300520-00017 4721012 · DOI
  26. [33]Hill A.J. Blundell J.E. Nutrients and Behaviour: Research strategies for the investigation of taste characteristics, food preferences, hunder sensations and eating patterns in ma J. Psychiatr. Res. 1982 17 203 212 10.1016/0022-3956(82)90023-1 6764938 · DOI
  27. [34]Stubbs R.J. Hughes D.A. Johnstone A.M. Rowley E. Reid C. Elia M. Stratton R. Delargy H. King N. Blundell J.E. The use of visual analogue scales to assess motivation to eat in human subjects: A review of their reliability and validity with an evaluation of new hand-held computerized systems for temporal tracking of appetite ratings Brit. J. Nutr. 2000 84 405 415 10.1017/S0007114500001719 11103211 · DOI · Paper page
  28. [36]Frayn K.N. Calculation of substrate oxidation rates in vivo from gaseous exchange J. Appl. Physiol. 1983 55 628 634 6618956
  29. [37]King N.A. Lluch A. Stubbs R.J. Blundell J.E. High dose exercise does not increase hunger or energy intake in free living males Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 1997 51 478 483 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600432 9234032 · DOI
  30. [38]King J.A. Miyashita M. Wasse L.K. Stensel D.J. Influence of prolonged treadmill running on appetite, energy intake and circulating concentrations of acylated ghrelin Appetite 2010 54 492 498 10.1016/j.appet.2010.02.002 20152871 · DOI
  31. [40]Thompson D.A. Wolfe L.A. Eikelboom R. Acute effects of exercise intensity on appetite in young men Med. Sci. Sports Exer. 1988 20 222 227 10.1249/00005768-198806000-00002 3386499 · DOI
  32. [42]Alajmi N. Deighton K. King J.A. Reischak-Oliveira A. Wasse L.K. Jones I. Batterham R.L. Stensel D.J. Appetite and energy intake responses to acute energy deficit in females versus males Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2016 48 412 420 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000793 26465216 PMC5642317 · DOI
  33. [43]Hagobian T.A. Yamashiro M. Hinkel-Lipsker J. Streder K. Evero N. Hackney T. Effects of acute exercise on appetite hormones and ad libitum energy intake in men and women Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 2013 38 66 72 10.1139/apnm-2012-0104 23368830 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Holliday, A., & Blannin, A.
Affiliations
University of Birmingham (GB)
Corresponding author
Holliday, Adrian
ORCID
Holliday, Adrian
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2017-04-05
Volume
9
Issue
4
Pages
362
ISSN
2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/nu9040362
PMC
PMC5409701
OpenAlex
W2605024756
Cited by
34
References
9
Citations by year
2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2
FWCI
2.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Leeds Beckett Repository (Leeds Beckett University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
Leeds Beckett University
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
sprint interval training, subjective appetite, acylated ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1, appetite-regulating hormones, overweight, energy intake, high-intensity interval exercise, cycling
MeSH terms
Acylation, Adult, Appetite, Blood Glucose, Diet, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Rest, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Cross-Over Studies, Overweight, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Ghrelin, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review