Low-volume high-intensity interval training reduces hyperglycemia and increases muscle mitochondrial capacity in patients with type 2 diabetes

Little, Jonathan P.; Gillen, Jenna B.; Percival, Michael E.; Safdar, Adeel; Tarnopolsky, Mark A.; Punthakee, Zubin; Jung, Mary E.; Gibala, Martin J.

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00921.2011

Cited by 787Cardiovascular and exercise physiologyPhysical Activity and HealthDiabetes Management and Research

Low-volume high-intensity interval training reduces hyperglycemia and increases muscle mitochondrial capacity in patients with type 2 diabetes

Little, Jonathan P., Gillen, Jenna B., Percival, Michael E., Safdar, Adeel, Tarnopolsky, Mark A., Punthakee, Zubin, Jung, Mary E., Gibala, Martin J.·2011·Journal of Applied Physiology

DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00921.2011

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Abstract

Low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIT) is emerging as a time-efficient exercise strategy for improving health and fitness. This form of exercise has not been tested in type 2 diabetes and thus we examined the effects of low-volume HIT on glucose regulation and skeletal muscle metabolic capacity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Eight patients with type 2 diabetes (63 ± 8 yr, body mass index 32 ± 6 kg/m 2, Hb A1C 6.9 ± 0.7%) volunteered to participate in this study. Participants performed six sessions of HIT (10 × 60-s cycling bouts eliciting ∼90% maximal heart rate, interspersed with 60 s rest) over 2 wk. Before training and from ∼48 to 72 h after the last training bout, glucose regulation was assessed using 24-h continuous glucose monitoring under standardized dietary conditions. Markers of skeletal muscle metabolic capacity were measured in biopsy samples (vastus lateralis) before and after (72 h) training. Average 24-h blood glucose concentration was reduced after training (7.6 ± 1.0 vs. 6.6 ± 0.7 mmol/l) as was the sum of the 3-h postprandial areas under the glucose curve for breakfast, lunch, and dinner (both P < 0.05). Training increased muscle mitochondrial capacity as evidenced by higher citrate synthase maximal activity (∼20%) and protein content of Complex II 70 kDa subunit (∼37%), Complex III Core 2 protein (∼51%), and Complex IV subunit IV (∼68%, all P < 0.05). Mitofusin 2 (∼71%) and GLUT4 (∼369%) protein content were also higher after training (both P < 0.05). Our findings indicate that low-volume HIT can rapidly improve glucose control and induce adaptations in skeletal muscle that are linked to improved metabolic health in patients with type 2 diabetes.

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Low-volume interval training improves various health indices including markers of glycemic control in healthy individuals and people with cardiometabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes.
“Recent studies have also shown improvements in various health indices including markers of glycemic control in both healthy individuals [2]–[4] and people with cardiometabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes [5] after low-volume interval training.”
From Three minutes of all-out intermittent exercise per week increases skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and improves cardiometabolic health (2014) · cites this paper as [5]
Adaptations to HIIT appear to occur with considerably less exercise time commitment than traditional exercise guidelines.
“The benefits of HIIT are intriguing because adaptations to HIIT appear to occur with considerably less exercise time commitment than traditional exercise guidelines [12].”
From High-Intensity Interval Training as an Efficacious Alternative to Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training for Adults with Prediabetes (2015) · cites this paper as [12]
Time-efficient HIIT rapidly improves glucose control in individuals with T2D.
“For example, time-efficient HIIT has been shown to rapidly improve glucose control in individuals with prediabetes [13, 14] and T2D [12, 15].”
From High-Intensity Interval Training as an Efficacious Alternative to Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training for Adults with Prediabetes (2015) · cites this paper as [12]

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Authors: Little, J. P., Gillen, J. B., Percival, M. E., Safdar, A., Tarnopolsky, M. A., Punthakee, Z., Jung, M. E., & Gibala, M. J.
Affiliations: Departments of Kinesiology and of
McMaster University (CA)
University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus (CA)
Corresponding author: Gibala, Martin J.
ORCID: Little, Jonathan P.
Gillen, Jenna B.
Safdar, Adeel
Tarnopolsky, Mark A.
Punthakee, Zubin
Jung, Mary E.
Gibala, Martin J.
Venue: Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 2011-12
Volume: 111
Issue: 6
Pages: 1554-1560
ISSN: 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
8750-7587
1522-1601
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00921.2011
OpenAlex: W2158620938
Cited by: 787
References: 28
Citations by year: 2026: 23 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 77 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 74 · 2017: 62 · 2016: 60 · 2015: 70 · 2014: 60 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 31
FWCI: 118.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords: high-intensity interval training, type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia, glucose regulation, citrate synthase, mitofusin 2, GLUT4, vastus lateralis, training effects
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Physiological, Aged, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Exercise Therapy, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Middle Aged, Mitochondria, Muscle, Physical Fitness, Pilot Projects, Muscle, Skeletal, Glucose Transporter Type 4

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Low-volume high-intensity interval training reduces hyperglycemia and increases muscle mitochondrial capacity in patients with type 2 diabetes

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