Dietary pea fiber supplementation improves glycemia and induces changes in the composition of gut microbiota, serum short chain fatty acid profile and expression of mucins in glucose intolerant rats
Open accessAbstract
Several studies have demonstrated the beneficial impact of dried peas and their components on glucose tolerance; however, the role of gut microbiota as a potential mediator is not fully examined. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with raw and cooked pea seed coats (PSC) on glucose tolerance, microbial composition of the gut, select markers of intestinal barrier function, and short chain fatty acid profile in glucose intolerant rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed high fat diet (HFD) for six weeks to induce glucose intolerance, followed by four weeks of feeding PSC-supplemented diets. Cooked PSC improved glucose tolerance by approximately 30% (p < 0.05), and raw and cooked PSC diets reduced insulin response by 53% and 56% respectively (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01), compared to HFD (containing cellulose as the source of dietary fiber). 16S rRNA gene sequencing on fecal samples showed a significant shift in the overall microbial composition of PSC groups when compared to HFD and low fat diet (LFD) controls. At the family level, PSC increased the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Prevotellaceae (p < 0.001), and decreased Porphyromonadaceae (p < 0.01) compared with HFD. This was accompanied by increased mRNA expression of mucin genes Muc1, Muc2, and Muc4 in ileal epithelium (p < 0.05). Serum levels of acetate and propionate increased with raw PSC diet (p < 0.01). These results indicate that supplementation of HFD with PSC fractions can improve glycemia and may have a protective role against HFD-induced alterations in gut microbiota and mucus layer.
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Lactic acid produced by Bifidobacteria suppresses the growth of pathogens such as E. coli across the epithelium.
“Bifidobacteria are major producers of lactic acid, which suppress the growth of pathogens such as E. coli across the epithelium, reduce inflammation in the gut, and cooperate with the immune system (67, 68).”
From Association Between Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [67]
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- Authors
- Hashemi, Z., Fouhse, J., Im, H., Chan, C., & Willing, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Corresponding author
- Willing, Benjamin
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2017-11-12
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1236
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5707708
- OpenAlex
- W2767477196
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 2.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Keywords
- dietary fiber supplementation, impaired glucose tolerance, gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, mucin gene expression, intestinal barrier function, high-fat diet, insulin response, Lachnospiraceae, Prevotellaceae, acetate, propionate, ileal epithelium, mucus layer
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Bacteria, Blood Glucose, Dietary Fiber, Disease Models, Animal, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Ileum, Insulin, Male, Mucins, Time Factors, Biomarkers, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Glucose Intolerance, Pisum sativum, Dietary Supplements, Toll-Like Receptors, Diet, High-Fat, Occludin, Zonula Occludens-1 Protein
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