Cited by 45Immunotherapy and Immune ResponsesCarbohydrate Chemistry and SynthesisImmune responses and vaccinations

Carbohydrate Immune Adjuvants in Subunit Vaccines

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Bashiri, Sahra, Koirala, Prashamsa, Toth, Istvan, Skwarczynski, Mariusz·2020·Pharmaceutics

Abstract

Modern subunit vaccines are composed of antigens and a delivery system and/or adjuvant (immune stimulator) that triggers the desired immune responses. Adjuvants mimic pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are typically associated with infections. Carbohydrates displayed on the surface of pathogens are often recognized as PAMPs by receptors on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Consequently, carbohydrates and their analogues have been used as adjuvants and delivery systems to promote antigen transport to APCs. Carbohydrates are biocompatible, usually nontoxic, biodegradable, and some are mucoadhesive. As such, carbohydrates and their derivatives have been intensively explored for the development of new adjuvants. This review assesses the immunological functions of carbohydrate ligands and their ability to enhance systemic and mucosal immune responses against co-administered antigens. The role of carbohydrate-based adjuvants/delivery systems in the development of subunit vaccines is discussed in detail.

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Crossref · 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100965

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  • Carbohydrates play a twofold key role for antimicrobial vaccines, providing the specificity of the immune response against pathogen and immunogenicity.

    “As for anticancer vaccines, carbohydrates also play a twofold key role for antimicrobial vaccines, providing the specificity of the immune response against pathogen and immunogenicity [269].”

    From GANAB and N-Glycans Substrates Are Relevant in Human Physiology, Polycystic Pathology and Multiple Sclerosis: A Review (2022) · cites this paper as [269]

    The Introduction (page unavailable) says pathogen-associated carbohydrates are recognized as foreign and acknowledges their antigenic function. Section 4 (page unavailable) explicitly says carbohydrates enhance vaccine immunogenicity. The paper does not establish the more specific claim that carbohydrates provide the pathogen-specificity of the immune response; its focus is their adjuvant effect on co-administered antigens. (LLM, conf=0.82)

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Authors
Bashiri, S., Koirala, P., Toth, I., & Skwarczynski, M.
Affiliations
  • The University of Queensland (AU)
  • School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
Venue
Pharmaceutics
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-10-14
Volume
12
Issue
10
Pages
965
ISSN
1999-4923 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3092797747
Cited by
45
References
222
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11
FWCI
0.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Pharmaceutics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1132975)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Carbohydrate Chemistry and Synthesis
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
Keywords
subunit vaccine, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, antigen-presenting cells, mucosal immune response, systemic immune response, antigen delivery systems, mucoadhesion, carbohydrate ligands, vaccine adjuvants

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