Cited by 120Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and ApplicationsRadioactivity and Radon MeasurementsChemical Reactions and Isotopes

Bismuth-213 for targeted radionuclide therapy: from atom to bedside.

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Ahenkorah, Stephen, Cassells, Irwin, Deroose, Christophe M., Cardinaels, Thomas, Burgoyne, Andrew R., Bormans, Guy, Ooms, Maarten, Cleeren, Frederik·2021·Pharmaceutics

Published version of a preprint

Abstract

Besides external high-energy photon or proton beam therapy, targeted radionuclide therapy (TRNT) is an alternative approach to deliver radiation to cancer cells. TRNT is distributed within the body by the vascular system and allows targeted irradiation of a primary tumor and all its metastases, resulting in substantially less collateral damage to normal tissues as compared to ex-ternal beam radiotherapy (EBRT). It is a systemic cancer therapy, tackling systemic spread of the disease, which is the cause of death in most cancer patients. The α-emitting radionuclide bis-muth-213 (213Bi) has interesting properties and can be considered as a magic bullet for TRNT. The benefits and drawbacks of targeted alpha therapy with 213Bi are discussed in this review, covering the entire chain from radionuclide production to bedside. First, the radionuclide properties and production of 225Ac and its daughter 213Bi are discussed, followed by the fundamental chemical properties of bismuth. Next, an overview of available acyclic and macrocyclic bifunctional chelators for bismuth, and general considerations for designing a 213Bi-radiopharmaceutical are provided. Finally, we will provide an overview of preclinical and clinical studies involving 213Bi-radiopharmaceuticals, as well as the future perspectives of this promising cancer treatment option.

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Authors
Ahenkorah, S., Cassells, I., Deroose, C. M., Cardinaels, T., Burgoyne, A. R., Bormans, G., Ooms, M., & Cleeren, F.
Affiliations
  • Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (BE)
  • Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven (BE)
  • KU Leuven (BE)
Corresponding author
  • Ooms, Maarten
  • Cleeren, Frederik
Venue
Pharmaceutics
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-04-21
Volume
13
Issue
5
Pages
599
ISSN
1999-4923 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3145208530
Cited by
120
References
141
Citations by year
2026: 21 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 6
FWCI
2.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Pharmaceutics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Preprints.org (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Lirias (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (12R3119N)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Radiological and Ultrasound Technology › Radioactivity and Radon Measurements
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Chemical Reactions and Isotopes
Keywords
bismuth-213, targeted radionuclide therapy, targeted alpha therapy, actinium-225, radioisotope production, bifunctional chelators, macrocyclic chelators, radiopharmaceutical design, bismuth chemistry, alpha-emitting radionuclides, cancer therapy

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