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Advances in 2,3-Dimethylmaleic Anhydride (DMMA)-Modified Nanocarriers in Drug Delivery Systems

Wan, Dong, Wu, Yanan, Liu, Yujun, Liu, Yonghui, Pan, Jie·2024·Pharmaceutics
DOI 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060809PMC PMC11207803
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Abstract

Cancer represents a significant threat to human health. The cells and tissues within the microenvironment of solid tumors exhibit complex and abnormal properties in comparison to healthy tissues. The efficacy of nanomedicines is inhibited by the presence of substantial and complex physical barriers in the tumor tissue. The latest generation of intelligent drug delivery systems, particularly nanomedicines capable of charge reversal, have shown promise in addressing this issue. These systems can transform their charge from negative to positive upon reaching the tumor site, thereby enhancing tumor penetration via transcytosis and promoting cell internalization by interacting with the negatively charged cell membranes. The modification of nanocarriers with 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride (DMMA) and its derivatives, which are responsive to weak acid stimulation, represents a significant advance in the field of charge-reversal nanomedicines. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the recent insights into DMMA-modified nanocarriers in drug delivery systems, with a particular focus on their potential in targeted therapeutics. It also discusses the synthesis of DMMA derivatives and their role in charge reversal, shell detachment, size shift, and ligand reactivation mechanisms, offering the prospect of a tailored, next-generation therapeutic approach to overcome the diverse challenges associated with cancer therapy.

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Metadata

Authors
Wan, D., Wu, Y., Liu, Y., Liu, Y., & Pan, J.
Venue
Pharmaceutics
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2024-06-14
Volume
16
Issue
6
Pages
809
ISSN
1999-4923
DOI
10.3390/pharmaceutics16060809
PMC
PMC11207803
Cited by
7
References
3
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
National Natural Science Foundation of China (22178270, 22078246, 82103984)

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