Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 1,181

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Infrared Thermography for Temperature Measurement and Non-Destructive Testing

Open access
Usamentiaga, Rubén, Venegas, Pablo, Guerediaga, Jon, Vega, Laura, Molleda, Julio, Bulnes, Francisco·2014·Sensors

Abstract

The intensity of the infrared radiation emitted by objects is mainly a function of their temperature. In infrared thermography, this feature is used for multiple purposes: as a health indicator in medical applications, as a sign of malfunction in mechanical and electrical maintenance or as an indicator of heat loss in buildings. This paper presents a review of infrared thermography especially focused on two applications: temperature measurement and non-destructive testing, two of the main fields where infrared thermography-based sensors are used. A general introduction to infrared thermography and the common procedures for temperature measurement and non-destructive testing are presented. Furthermore, developments in these fields and recent advances are reviewed.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/s140712305

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 2 references

Research works printed but not linked: 124

  1. Maldague, X. (2001). Theory and Practice of Infrared Technology for Nondestructive Testing, Wiley.
  2. Modest, M.F. (2013). Radiative Heat Transfer, Academic Press. · DOI · Paper page
  3. Vollmer, M., and Möllmann, K.P. (2011). Infrared Thermal Imaging: Fundamentals, Research and Applications, Wiley. · DOI · Paper page
  4. Gaussorgues, G. (1994). Infrared Thermography, Springer. · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-0711-2
  5. Stewart, 2005, Infrared thermography as a non-invasive tool to study animal welfare, Anim. Welf., 14, 319, 10.1017/S096272860002964X · DOI · Paper page
  6. Meola, C. (2012). Infrared Thermography: Recent Advances and Future Trends, Bentham Science. · DOI
  7. Meola, 2004, Recent advances in the use of infrared thermography, Meas. Sci. Technol., 15, R27, 10.1088/0957-0233/15/9/R01 · DOI · Paper page
  8. Lasobras, 2014, Infrared Sensor-Based Temperature Control for Domestic Induction Cooktops, Sensors, 14, 5278, 10.3390/s140305278 · DOI
  9. Gorostiza, 2011, Infrared sensor system for mobile-robot positioning in intelligent spaces, Sensors, 11, 5416, 10.3390/s110505416 · DOI
  10. Lahiri, 2012, Medical applications of infrared thermography: A review, Infrared Phys. Technol., 55, 221, 10.1016/j.infrared.2012.03.007 · DOI · Paper page
  11. Diakides, N.A., and Bronzino, J.D. (2008). Medical Infrared Imaging, CRC Press. · DOI · Paper page
  12. Bogue, 2013, Sensors for condition monitoring: A review of technologies and applications, Sens. Rev., 33, 295, 10.1108/SR-05-2013-675 · doi:10.1108/sr-05-2013-675
  13. Fernandez, 2005, Thermographic study of energetic installations, Appl. Therm. Eng., 25, 183, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2004.06.013 · DOI
  14. Tarpani, 2013, Nondestructive testing with thermography, Eur. J. Phys., 34, S91, 10.1088/0143-0807/34/6/S91 · doi:10.1088/0143-0807/34/6/s91
  15. Jones, 1998, A reappraisal of the use of infrared thermal image analysis in medicine, IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, 17, 1019, 10.1109/42.746635 · DOI · Paper page
  16. Amalu, W.C. A Review of Breast Thermography. Available online: http://www.iact-org.org/downloads/a-review-of-bc.pdf.
  17. Kennedy, 2009, A comparative review of thermography as a breast cancer screening technique, Integr. Cancer Ther., 8, 9, 10.1177/1534735408326171 · DOI · Paper page
  18. Arora, 2008, Effectiveness of a noninvasive digital infrared thermal imaging system in the detection of breast cancer, Am. J. Surg., 196, 523, 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2008.06.015 · DOI · Paper page
  19. Ng, 2009, A review of thermography as promising non-invasive detection modality for breast tumor, Int. J. Therm. Sci., 48, 849, 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2008.06.015 · DOI · Paper page
  20. Ring, 2010, Thermal imaging today and its relevance to diabetes, J. Diabetes Sci. Technol., 4, 857, 10.1177/193229681000400414 · DOI
  21. Nguyen, 2010, Comparison of 3 infrared thermal detection systems and self-report for mass fever screening, Emerg. Infect. Dis., 16, 1710, 10.3201/eid1611.100703 · DOI
  22. Vargas, 2009, Normalized methodology for medical infrared imaging, Infrared Phys. Technol., 52, 42, 10.1016/j.infrared.2008.11.003 · DOI
  23. Fikackova, 2004, Can infrared thermography be a diagnostic tool for arthralgia of the temporomandibular joint?, Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endodontology, 98, 643, 10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.02.080 · doi:10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.02.080
  24. Manginas, 2010, Right ventricular endocardial thermography in transplanted and coronary artery disease patients: First human application, J. Invasive Cardiol., 22, 400
  25. Bagavathiappan, 2013, Infrared thermography for condition monitoring—A review, Infrared Phys. Technol., 60, 35, 10.1016/j.infrared.2013.03.006 · DOI · Paper page
  26. Chou, Y.C., and Yao, L. (2009, January 4–7). Automatic diagnostic system of electrical equipment using infrared thermography. Malacca, Malaysia. · doi:10.1109/socpar.2009.41
  27. Luong, 1998, Fatigue limit evaluation of metals using an infrared thermographic technique, Mech. Mater., 28, 155, 10.1016/S0167-6636(97)00047-1 · doi:10.1016/s0167-6636(97)00047-1
  28. Risitano, 2000, Thermographic methodology for rapid determination of the fatigue limit of materials and mechanical components, Int. J. Fatigue, 22, 65, 10.1016/S0142-1123(99)00088-2 · doi:10.1016/s0142-1123(99)00088-2
  29. Grinzato, 1998, Quantitative infrared thermography in buildings, Energy Build., 29, 1, 10.1016/S0378-7788(97)00039-X · doi:10.1016/s0378-7788(97)00039-x
  30. Badulescu, 2011, Applying the grid method and infrared thermography to investigate plastic deformation in aluminium multicrystal, Mech. Mater., 43, 36, 10.1016/j.mechmat.2010.11.001 · doi:10.1016/j.mechmat.2010.11.001
  31. Pastor, 2008, Applying infrared thermography to study the heating of 2024-T3 aluminium specimens under fatigue loading, Infrared Phys. Technol., 51, 505, 10.1016/j.infrared.2008.01.001 · doi:10.1016/j.infrared.2008.01.001
  32. Meola, 2004, The use of infrared thermography for nondestructive evaluation of joints, Infrared Phys. Technol., 46, 93, 10.1016/j.infrared.2004.03.013 · doi:10.1016/j.infrared.2004.03.013
  33. Balaras, 2002, Infrared thermography for building diagnostics, Energy Build., 34, 171, 10.1016/S0378-7788(01)00105-0 · DOI
  34. Bomberg, 1978, Influence of moisture and moisture gradients on heat transfer through porous building materials, ASTM STP, 660, 211
  35. Ljungberg, 1994, Infrared techniques in buildings and structures: Operation and maintenance, Infrared Methodol. Technol., 7, 211
  36. Grinzato, 2002, Monitoring of ancient buildings by the thermal method, J. Cultural Herit., 3, 21, 10.1016/S1296-2074(02)01159-7 · DOI · Paper page
  37. Kiiskinen, 1997, Infrared thermography examination of paper structure, Tappi J., 80, 159
  38. Sugiura, 2007, Correction of low-altitude thermal images applied to estimating soil water status, Biosyst. Eng., 96, 301, 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2006.11.006 · doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2006.11.006
  39. Vavilov, 2004, Detecting water in aviation honeycomb structures: The quantitative approach, Quant. InfraRed Thermogr. J., 1, 173, 10.3166/qirt.1.173-184 · doi:10.3166/qirt.1.173-184
  40. Wiecek, B. (2005, January 1–4). Review on thermal image processing for passive and active thermography. Shanghai, China. · doi:10.1109/iembs.2005.1616506
  41. Chen, C.H. (2007). Active Infrared Thermography Techniques for the Non-Destructive Testing of Materials, World Scientific.
  42. Hung, 2009, Review and comparison of shearography and active thermography for nondestructive evaluation, Mater. Sci. Eng. R Rep., 64, 73, 10.1016/j.mser.2008.11.001 · DOI · Paper page
  43. Ibarra-Castanedo, C., Galmiche, F., Darabi, A., Pilla, M., Klein, M., Ziadi, A., Vallerand, S., Pelletier, J.F., and Maldague, X.P. (2003). Thermographic nondestructive evaluation: Overview of recent progress. Proc. SPIE 5073. · DOI
  44. Usamentiaga, 2008, Real-time adaptive method for noise filtering of a stream of thermographic line scans based on spatial overlapping and edge detection, J. Electron. Imaging, 17, 033012, 10.1117/1.2952844 · doi:10.1117/1.2952844
  45. Meola, C. (2012). Infrared Thermography: Recent Advances and Future Trends, Bentham Science. · DOI
  46. Howell, J.R., Siegel, R., and Menguc, M.P. (2010). Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer, Taylor and Francis. [5th ed.]. · DOI · Paper page
  47. Duxbury, 1992, Fundamentals of Infrared Detector Operation and Testing, J. Mod. Opt., 39, 190, 10.1080/713823349 · doi:10.1080/713823349
  48. Rogalski, 2012, Progress in focal plane array technologies, Progr. Quantum Electron., 36, 342, 10.1016/j.pquantelec.2012.07.001 · DOI · Paper page
  49. Zheng, 2009, Analyses of infrared focal plane array figure of merit and its impact on sensor system trades, Infrared Phys. Technol., 52, 408, 10.1016/j.infrared.2009.08.001 · DOI
  50. Meola, 2012, NonDestructive evaluation of carbon fiber reinforced polymers with ultrasonics and infrared thermography: An overview on historical steps and patents, Recent Patents Mater. Sci., 5, 48
  51. Usamentiaga, 2005, Algorithms for real-time acquisition and segmentation of a stream of thermographic line scans in industrial environments, J. Imaging Sci. Technol., 49, 138, 10.2352/J.ImagingSci.Technol.2005.49.2.art00005 · doi:10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2005.49.2.art00005
  52. Michalski, L., Eckersdorf, K., Kucharski, J., and McGhee, J. (2001). Temperature Measurement, Wiley. · doi:10.1002/0470846135
  53. Ivanov, 2013, Temperature and emissivity determination of small-size long-range object's using staring thermovision cameras, Infrared Phys. Technol., 60, 161, 10.1016/j.infrared.2013.04.009 · doi:10.1016/j.infrared.2013.04.009
  54. Honner, 2013, Non-contact charge temperature measurement on industrial continuous furnaces and steel charge emissivity analysis, Infrared Phys. Technol., 61, 20, 10.1016/j.infrared.2013.07.005 · doi:10.1016/j.infrared.2013.07.005
  55. Hunter, 1985, Multiwavelength pyrometry: An improved method, Opt. Eng., 24, 241081, 10.1117/12.7973633 · doi:10.1117/12.7973633
  56. Herve, 2012, Infrared technique for simultaneous determination of temperature and emissivity, Infrared Phys. Technol., 55, 1, 10.1016/j.infrared.2010.09.001 · doi:10.1016/j.infrared.2010.09.001
  57. Madura, 2007, Automatic compensation of emissivity in three-wavelength pyrometers, Infrared Phys. Technol., 51, 1, 10.1016/j.infrared.2006.11.001 · doi:10.1016/j.infrared.2006.11.001
  58. Pujana, 2007, Radiation thermometry applied to temperature measurement in the cutting process, Meas. Sci. Technol., 18, 3409, 10.1088/0957-0233/18/11/022 · doi:10.1088/0957-0233/18/11/022
  59. Esquisabel, 2006, New experimental device for infrared spectral directional emissivity measurements in a controlled environment, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 77, 113111, 10.1063/1.2393157 · DOI · Paper page
  60. Holst, G.C. (2000). Common Sense Approach to Thermal Imaging, SPIE Optical Engineering Press. · doi:10.1117/3.2588945
  61. Usamentiaga, 2010, Real-time line scan extraction from infrared images using the wedge method in industrial environments, J. Electron. Imaging., 19, 043017, 10.1117/1.3514741 · doi:10.1117/1.3514741
  62. Usamentiaga, 2011, Temperature measurement using the wedge method: Comparison and application to emissivity estimation and compensation, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 60, 1768, 10.1109/TIM.2010.2089894 · doi:10.1109/tim.2010.2089894
  63. Burnay, S., and Williams, T. (1988). Applications of Thermal Imaging, Taylor & Francis Group.
  64. Kress-Rogers, E., and Brimelow, C.J. (2001). Instrumentation and Sensors for the Food Industry, Woodhead Publishing. · doi:10.1201/9781439833049
  65. Ring, 2000, The technique of infrared imaging in medicine, Thermol. Int., 10, 7
  66. Steketee, 1973, Spectral emissivity of skin and pericardium, Phys. Med. Biol., 18, 686, 10.1088/0031-9155/18/5/307 · DOI · Paper page
  67. Bharara, 2012, Coming events cast their shadows before: Detecting inflammation in the acute diabetic foot and the foot in remission, Diabetes/Metab. Res. Rev., 28, 15, 10.1002/dmrr.2231 · DOI
  68. Schindl, 2002, Systemic effects of low-intensity laser irradiation on skin microcirculation in patients with diabetic microangiopathy, Microvasc. Res., 64, 240, 10.1006/mvre.2002.2429 · doi:10.1006/mvre.2002.2429
  69. Ludwig, 2014, Skin temperature evaluation by infrared thermography: Comparison of image analysis methods, Infrared Phys. Technol., 62, 1, 10.1016/j.infrared.2013.09.011 · DOI
  70. Usamentiaga, 2012, Temperature measurement of molten pig iron with slag characterization and detection using infrared computer vision, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 61, 1149, 10.1109/TIM.2011.2178675 · doi:10.1109/tim.2011.2178675
  71. Usamentiaga, 2013, Monitoring Sintering Burn-Through Point Using Infrared Thermography, Sensors, 13, 10287, 10.3390/s130810287 · DOI
  72. Usamentiaga, R., García, D.F., Molleda, J., Bulnes, F.G., and Orgeira, V.G. (2013, January 6–11). Temperature tracking system for sinter material in a rotatory cooler based on infrared thermography. Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA. · DOI
  73. Tsai, 1987, A versatile camera calibration technique for high-accuracy 3D machine vision metrology using off-the-shelf TV cameras and lenses, IEEE J. Robot. Autom., 3, 323, 10.1109/JRA.1987.1087109 · DOI · Paper page
  74. Usamentiaga, 2008, Uncertainty analysis in spatial thermal measurements using infrared line scanners, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 57, 2074, 10.1109/TIM.2008.919008 · doi:10.1109/tim.2008.919008
  75. Armesto, 2011, Calibration and verification of thermographic cameras for geometric measurements, Infrared Phys. Technol., 54, 92, 10.1016/j.infrared.2011.01.002 · doi:10.1016/j.infrared.2011.01.002
  76. Luhmann, T., Piechel, J., and Roelfs, T. (2013). Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing, Springer.
  77. Usamentiaga, 2012, Non-destructive inspection of drilled holes in reinforced honeycomb sandwich panels using active thermography, Infrared Phys. Technol., 55, 491, 10.1016/j.infrared.2012.08.002 · doi:10.1016/j.infrared.2012.08.002
  78. Usamentiaga, 2013, A quantitative comparison of stimulation and post-processing thermographic inspection methods applied to aeronautical carbon fibre reinforced polymer, Quant. InfraRed Thermogr. J., 10, 55, 10.1080/17686733.2013.774623 · DOI
  79. Vollheim, 2013, Review of thermal imaging systems in composite defect detection, Infrared Phys. Technol., 61, 167, 10.1016/j.infrared.2013.07.009 · doi:10.1016/j.infrared.2013.07.009
  80. Wu, D., Steegmüller, R., Karpen, W., and Busse, G. (1995). Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Springer.
  81. Shepard, S.M. (2003, January 21). Advances in thermographic NDT. Orlando, FL, USA. · doi:10.1117/12.498157
  82. Halabe, U., Steele Iii, W., GangaRao, H., and Klinkhachorn, P. (2003, January 14–19). NDE of FRP Wrapped Timber Bridge Components Using Infrared Thermography. Bellingham, WA, USA. · doi:10.1063/1.1570265
  83. Busse, 1992, Thermal wave imaging with phase sensitive modulated thermography, J. Appl. Phys., 71, 3962, 10.1063/1.351366 · doi:10.1063/1.351366
  84. Maldague, 1996, Pulse phase infrared thermography, J. Appl. Phys., 79, 2694, 10.1063/1.362662 · DOI · Paper page
  85. Zweschper, 2003, Ultrasound excited thermography using frequency modulated elastic waves, Insight-Non-Destructive Test. Cond. Monit., 45, 178, 10.1784/insi.45.3.178.53162 · doi:10.1784/insi.45.3.178.53162
  86. Gleiter, A., Riegert, G., Zweschper, T., Degenhardt, R., and Busse, G. (2006, January 17). Advanced ultrasound activated lockin-thermography for defect selective depth-resolved imaging. Orlando, FL, USA. · doi:10.1117/12.662743
  87. Cuccurullo, 2002, IR temperature measurements in microwave heating, Infrared Phys. Technol., 43, 145, 10.1016/S1350-4495(02)00133-0 · doi:10.1016/s1350-4495(02)00133-0
  88. Holtmann, 2012, Iterative improvement of Lockin-thermography results by temporal and spatial adaption of optical excitation, Quant. InfraRed Thermogr. J., 9, 167, 10.1080/17686733.2012.741919 · doi:10.1080/17686733.2012.741919
  89. Milne, J., and Reynolds, W. (1985, January 23). The non-destructive evaluation of composites and other materials by thermal pulse video thermography. Cambridge, UK. · doi:10.1117/12.946141
  90. Martin, 2003, Interpreting the results of pulsed thermography data, Mater. Eval., 61, 611
  91. Wu, 1998, Lock-in thermography for nondestructive evaluation of materials, Revue Générale de Thermique, 37, 693, 10.1016/S0035-3159(98)80047-0 · DOI · Paper page
  92. Maldague, X. (2000). Applications of infrared thermography in nondestructive evaluation. Trends Opt. Nondestruc. Test., 591–609. · doi:10.1016/b978-008043020-1/50040-5
  93. Klein, 2004, Infrared image processing and data analysis, Infrared Phys. Technol., 46, 75, 10.1016/j.infrared.2004.03.011 · DOI
  94. Madruga, 2010, Infrared thermography processing based on higher-order statistics, NDT E Int., 43, 661, 10.1016/j.ndteint.2010.07.002 · DOI
  95. Madruga, F., Ibarra-Castanedo, C., Conde, O., López-Higuera, J., and Maldague, X. (2008, January 2–5). Automatic data processing based on the skewness statistic parameter for subsurface defect detection by active infrared thermography. Krakow, Poland. · doi:10.21611/qirt.2008.12_16_16
  96. Albendea, P., Madruga, F., Cobo, A., and López-Higueral, J. Signal to noise ratio (SNR) comparison for pulsed thermographic data processing methods applied to welding defect detection. 27–30 July 2010. · DOI
  97. Madruga, F.J., Ibarra-Castanedo, C., Conde, O.M., Maldague, X.P., and López-Higuera, J.M. (2009, January 13). Enhanced contrast detection of subsurface defects by pulsed infrared thermography based on the fourth order statistic moment, kurtosis. Orlando, FL, USA. · doi:10.1117/12.818684
  98. Smith, 2002, A tutorial on principal components analysis, Cornell Univ. USA, 51, 52
  99. Cramer, K.E., and Winfree, W.P. (2005, January 2–4). The Application of Principal Component Analysis Using Fixed Eigenvectors to the Infrared Thermographic Inspection of the Space Shuttle Thermal Protection System. Neuquen, Argentina. · doi:10.21611/qirt.2006.002
  100. Rajic, 2002, Principal component thermography for flaw contrast enhancement and flaw depth characterisation in composite structures, Compos. Struct., 58, 521, 10.1016/S0263-8223(02)00161-7 · DOI · Paper page
  101. Maldague, 2002, Advances in pulsed phase thermography, Infrared Phys. Technol., 43, 175, 10.1016/S1350-4495(02)00138-X · DOI · Paper page
  102. Maldague, 2004, Pulsed phase thermography reviewed, Quant. Infrared Thermogr. J., 1, 47, 10.3166/qirt.1.47-70 · DOI · Paper page
  103. Shepard, 2003, Reconstruction and enhancement of active thermographic image sequences, Opt. Eng., 42, 1337, 10.1117/1.1566969 · DOI · Paper page
  104. Breitenstein, 2003, Quantitative evaluation of shunts in solar cells by lock-in thermography, Progr. Photovolt. Res. Appl., 11, 515, 10.1002/pip.520 · doi:10.1002/pip.520
  105. Sham, 2008, Surface crack detection by flash thermography on concrete surface, Insight-Non-Destructive Test. Cond. Monit., 50, 240, 10.1784/insi.2008.50.5.240 · doi:10.1784/insi.2008.50.5.240
  106. Plekhov, 2005, Fatigue crack initiation and growth in a 35CrMo4 steel investigated by infrared thermography, Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct., 28, 169, 10.1111/j.1460-2695.2005.00856.x · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2695.2005.00856.x
  107. Noethen, M., Wolter, K.J., and Meyendorf, N. (2010, January 12–12). Surface crack detection in ferritic and austenitic steel components using inductive heated thermography. Warsaw, Poland. · doi:10.1109/isse.2010.5547297
  108. Subirats, P., Dumoulin, J., Legeay, V., and Barba, D. (2006, January 8–11). Automation of pavement surface crack detection using the continuous wavelet transform. Atlanta, GA, USA. · DOI · Paper page
  109. Broberg, 2013, Surface crack detection in welds using thermography, NDT E Int., 57, 69, 10.1016/j.ndteint.2013.03.008 · doi:10.1016/j.ndteint.2013.03.008
  110. Li, 2011, Crack imaging by scanning pulsed laser spot thermography, NDT E Int., 44, 216, 10.1016/j.ndteint.2010.08.006 · DOI
  111. Guo, 2013, Crack detection in aluminum parts by using ultrasound-excited infrared thermography, Infrared Phys. Technol., 61, 149, 10.1016/j.infrared.2013.08.003 · DOI
  112. Genest, 2007, Qualitative and quantitative assessment of aerospace structures by pulsed thermography, Nondestruct. Test. Eval., 22, 199, 10.1080/10589750701448548 · DOI
  113. Saarimäki, E., and Ylinen, P. (2008, January 2–5). An investigation of non-destructive thermographic inspection exploiting phase transition of water for moisture detection in aircraft structures. Krakow, Poland. · doi:10.21611/qirt.2008.12_08_16
  114. Wong, 1999, Thermographic evaluation of defects in composite materials, Insight-Wigston Then Northamp., 41, 504
  115. Ghosh, 2006, A critical review of infrared thermography as a method for non-destructive evaluation of FRP rehabilitated structures, Int. J. Mater. Prod. Technol., 25, 241, 10.1504/IJMPT.2006.008882 · doi:10.1504/ijmpt.2006.008882
  116. Genest, 2009, Pulsed thermography for non-destructive evaluation and damage growth monitoring of bonded repairs, Compos. Struct., 88, 112, 10.1016/j.compstruct.2008.02.010 · doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2008.02.010
  117. Avdelidis, 2003, Transient thermography in the assessment of defects of aircraft composites, NDT E Int., 36, 433, 10.1016/S0963-8695(03)00052-5 · DOI · Paper page
  118. Connolly, 1992, The measurement of porosity in composite materials using infrared thermography, J. Reinf. Plast. Compos., 11, 1367, 10.1177/073168449201101203 · DOI
  119. Usamentiaga, 2012, Feature extraction and analysis for automatic characterization of impact damage in carbon fiber composites using active thermography, NDT E Int., 54, 123, 10.1016/j.ndteint.2012.12.011 · DOI
  120. Mayr, 2011, Active thermography as a quantitative method for non-destructive evaluation of porous carbon fiber reinforced polymers, NDT E Int., 44, 537, 10.1016/j.ndteint.2011.05.012 · DOI
  121. Maierhofer, 2014, Characterizing damage in CFRP structures using flash thermography in reflection and transmission configurations, Compos. Part B Eng., 57, 35, 10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.09.036 · DOI
  122. He, 2014, Impact evaluation in carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates using eddy current pulsed thermography, Compos. Struct., 109, 1, 10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.10.049 · DOI
  123. Usamentiaga, 2013, Automatic detection of impact damage in carbon fiber composites using active thermography, Infrared Phys. Technol., 58, 36, 10.1016/j.infrared.2013.01.004 · DOI · Paper page
  124. Avdelidis, 2004, Aircraft composites assessment by means of transient thermal NDT, Progr. Aerosp. Sci., 40, 143, 10.1016/j.paerosci.2004.03.001 · DOI

Cited by

See all 1,181

Metadata

Authors
Usamentiaga, R., Venegas, P., Guerediaga, J., Vega, L., Molleda, J., & Bulnes, F.
Venue
Sensors
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2014-07-10
Volume
14
Issue
7
Pages
12305-12348
ISSN
1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2068540749
Cited by
1,181
References
2
FWCI
32.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
gold

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Infrared Thermography for Temperature Measurement and Non-Destructive Testing. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3390/s140712305
The paper
Usamentiaga, R., Venegas, P., Guerediaga, J., Vega, L., Molleda, J., & Bulnes, F. (2014). Infrared Thermography for Temperature Measurement and Non-Destructive Testing. Sensors. https://doi.org/10.3390/s140712305

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.