Fault Detection, Isolation, Identification and Recovery (FDIIR) Methods for Automotive Perception Sensors Including a Detailed Literature Survey for Lidar
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Perception sensors such as camera, radar, and lidar have gained considerable popularity in the automotive industry in recent years. In order to reach the next step towards automated driving it is necessary to implement fault diagnosis systems together with suitable mitigation solutions in automotive perception sensors. This is a crucial prerequisite, since the quality of an automated driving function strongly depends on the reliability of the perception data, especially under adverse conditions. This publication presents a systematic review on faults and suitable detection and recovery methods for automotive perception sensors and suggests a corresponding classification schema. A systematic literature analysis has been performed with focus on lidar in order to review the state-of-the-art and identify promising research opportunities. Faults related to adverse weather conditions have been studied the most, but often without providing suitable recovery methods. Issues related to sensor attachment and mechanical damage of the sensor cover were studied very little and provide opportunities for future research. Algorithms, which use the data stream of a single sensor, proofed to be a viable solution for both fault detection and recovery.
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Mie scattering can be applied if the particle is of a similar size to the laser wavelength.
“Mie scattering can be applied if the particle is of a similar size to the wavelength [43].”
From Sensor-Based Prognostic Health Management of Advanced Driver Assistance System for Autonomous Vehicles: A Recent Survey (2022) · cites this paper as [43]
Scattering and multiple scattering methods can be used for various faults caused by rain, smoke, snow, dust, or fog.
“Scattering and multiple scattering methods can be used for various faults caused by rain, smoke, snow, dust, or fog.”
From Sensor-Based Prognostic Health Management of Advanced Driver Assistance System for Autonomous Vehicles: A Recent Survey (2022) · cites this paper as [43]
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- Authors
- Goelles, T., Schlager, B., & Muckenhuber, S.
- Affiliations
- Virtual Vehicle Research GmbH (Austria) (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Goelles, Thomas
- Venue
- Sensors
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-06-30
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 3662
- ISSN
- 1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7374415
- OpenAlex
- W3040181730
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 0.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Österreichische Forschungsförderungsgesellschaft (COMET K2)
- Steirische Wirtschaftsförderungsgesellschaft
- Amt der Steiermärkischen Landesregierung
- Bundesministerium für Digitalisierung und Wirtschaftsstandort
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Fault Detection and Control Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Engineering and Test Systems
- Keywords
- fault detection and isolation, fault identification, fault recovery, LiDAR, autonomous driving, sensor reliability, severe weather, mechanical damage, sensor data streams, camera, radar
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