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Current and Emerging Adsorbent Technologies for Wastewater Treatment: Trends, Limitations, and Environmental Implications

Younas, Fazila, Mustafa, Adnan, Farooqi, Zia Ur Rahman, Wang, Xiukang, Younas, Sadia, Mohy-Ud-Din, Waqas, Ashir Hameed, Muhammad, Mohsin Abrar, Muhammad, Maitlo, Ali Akbar, Noreen, Saima, Hussain, Muhammad Mahroz·2021·Water
DOI 10.3390/w13020215
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Abstract

Wastewater generation and treatment is an ever-increasing concern in the current century due to increased urbanization and industrialization. To tackle the situation of increasing environmental hazards, numerous wastewater treatment approaches are used—i.e., physical, chemical, and biological (primary to tertiary treatment) methods. Various treatment techniques being used have the risks of producing secondary pollutants. The most promising technique is the use of different materials as adsorbents that have a higher efficacy in treating wastewater, with a minimal production of secondary pollutants. Biosorption is a key process that is highly efficient and cost-effective. This method majorly uses the adsorption process/mechanism for toxicant removal from wastewater. This review elaborates the major agricultural and non-agricultural materials-based sorbents that have been used with their possible mechanisms of pollutant removal. Moreover, this creates a better understanding of how the efficacy of these sorbents can be enhanced by modification or treatments with other substances. This review also explains the re-usability and mechanisms of the used adsorbents and/or their disposal in a safe and environmentally friendly way, along with highlighting the major research gaps and potential future research directions. Additionally, the cost benefit ratio of adsorbents is elucidated.

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  • Sorption applications can be tailored toward specific metals with capability for recovery, regeneration, and reuse, contributing to cost-effectiveness and providing a more environmentally benign alternative to chemical dosing.

    “They can be further tailored toward specific metals with the capability for recovery, regeneration, and reuse, which can contribute to cost-effectiveness and provide a more environmentally benign alternative to chemical dosing [127-131].”

    From Chromium Remediation from Tannery Wastewater in Arequipa, Peru: Local Experiences and Prospects for Sustainable Solutions (2025) · cites this paper as [131]

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Metadata

Authors
Younas, F., Mustafa, A., Farooqi, Z. U. R., Wang, X., Younas, S., Mohy-Ud-Din, W., Ashir Hameed, M., Mohsin Abrar, M., Maitlo, A. A., Noreen, S., & Hussain, M. M.
Venue
Water
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-01-18
Volume
13
Issue
2
Pages
215
ISSN
2073-4441
DOI
10.3390/w13020215
Cited by
335
References
7
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)

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