Legalizing euthanasia or assisted suicide: the illusion of safeguards and controls
Open accessAbstract
Euthanasia or assisted suicide-and sometimes both-have been legalized in a small number of countries and states. In all jurisdictions, laws and safeguards were put in place to prevent abuse and misuse of these practices. Prevention measures have included, among others, explicit consent by the person requesting euthanasia, mandatory reporting of all cases, administration only by physicians (with the exception of Switzerland), and consultation by a second physician.The present paper provides evidence that these laws and safeguards are regularly ignored and transgressed in all the jurisdictions and that transgressions are not prosecuted. For example, about 900 people annually are administered lethal substances without having given explicit consent, and in one jurisdiction, almost 50% of cases of euthanasia are not reported. Increased tolerance of transgressions in societies with such laws represents a social "slippery slope," as do changes to the laws and criteria that followed legalization. Although the initial intent was to limit euthanasia and assisted suicide to a last-resort option for a very small number of terminally ill people, some jurisdictions now extend the practice to newborns, children, and people with dementia. A terminal illness is no longer a prerequisite. In the Netherlands, euthanasia for anyone over the age of 70 who is "tired of living" is now being considered. Legalizing euthanasia and assisted suicide therefore places many people at risk, affects the values of society over time, and does not provide controls and safeguards.
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There is a risk that practices are prone to abuse, and that there is a 'slippery slope' of ever more permissive practices that will fail to protect those who are most in need of protection.
“There is a risk that practices are prone to abuse, and that there is a “slippery slope” of ever more permissive practices that will fail to protect those who are most in need of protection (15).”
From Medical Assistance in Dying: Challenges for Psychiatry (2018) · cites this paper as [15]
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- Authors
- Pereira, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Pereira, José
- ORCID
- Pereira, José
- Venue
- Current Oncology
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2011-04-01
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 38-45
- ISSN
- 1198-0052 (ISSN-L)
- 1718-7729
- PMC
- PMC3070710
- OpenAlex
- W2124168868
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 10.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
- Locations
- Current Oncology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative and Oncologic Care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ethics and bioethics in healthcare
- Keywords
- euthanasia, assisted suicide, legalization of euthanasia, informed consent, mandatory reporting, slippery slope, Dutch euthanasia law, social values
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