Role of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in management of inflammatory bowel disease: Current perspectives
Open accessAbstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of gastrointestinal (GI) tract with dysregulated mucosal immune functions and disturbed commensal ecosystem of the intestinal lumen.IBD is categorized into two major subsets: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).Though advent of biologics has shifted the treatment with relatively longer remission compared to small molecule pharmaceuticals, patients still suffer from long-term complications.Since gutmicrobiome is now accepted as another human organ holding potential for long-lasting human health, probiotics, and its engineering hold great promises to treat several previously untreatable chronic inflammatory conditions including IBD.Several emerging biological engineering tools have unlimited potential to manipulate probiotic bacterial system.These can produce useful therapeutic biologics with a goal to either ameliorate and/or treat previously untreatable chronic inflammatory conditions.As gut-microbiome is diverse and vary in different ethnic, geographic, and cultural human population, it will be important to develop vision for personalized probiotic treatment and develop the technology thereof to make personalized probiotic options a reality.The aim of this review paper is to present an overview of the current knowledge on both pharmacological and nonpharmacological IBD treatment modalities with a special emphasis on probiotic strains that are developed through the probiotic engineering.These engineered probiotics contain the most anti-inflammatory cytokines found within the human immune response and are currently being used to treat the intestinal inflammation in IBD for the IBD treatment.
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Several pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown a promising role of probiotics for IBD, particularly for ulcerative colitis and pouchitis.
“Several pre‐clinical and clinical studies have shown the promising role of probiotics for IBD, particularly for UC and pouchitis. 6 , 7”
From Efficacy and safety of probiotics in IBD: An overview of systematic reviews and updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. (2024) · cites this paper as [6]
The mechanisms underlying probiotic outcomes are variable but most likely attributable to production of butyrate, IgA, SCFA, upregulation of defensins and mucin-2, and downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
“The mechanisms underlying these outcomes are variable but most likely attributable to the production of butyrate, immunoglobulin A (IgA) and short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA, known to be trophic factors), upregulation of defensins and mucin‐2 expression, and downregulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. 6 , 8”
From Efficacy and safety of probiotics in IBD: An overview of systematic reviews and updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. (2024) · cites this paper as [6]
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Baldi, S., Sarikaya, D., Lotti, S., Cuffaro, F., Fink, D., Colombini, B., Sofi, F., & Amedei, A. (2025) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.05.012 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The Gut–Endometriosis Axis: Genetic Mechanisms and Public Health Implications
Moustakli, E., Ζαγοριανάκου, Ν., Makrydimas, S., Oikonomou, E. D., Μιλτιάδους, Α., & Makrydimas, G. (2025) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes16080918 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Saedi, S., Derakhshan, S., Sadeghi, J., Hasani, A., Khoshbaten, M., Poortahmasebi, V., & Ahmadi, S. (2025) · Letters in Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1093/lambio/ovaf111 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Li, X., Qiu, F. X., Liu, Y., Yang, J.-Z., Chen, L., Li, J., Liu, J.-L., Hsu, C., Chen, L., Zeng, J., et al. (2024) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123659 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Alginate oligosaccharides improve hepatic metabolic disturbance via regulating the gut microbiota
Zhang, Y., Deng, X., Liu, T., Hu, B., Yu, B., Jiang, L., Wu, Z., Schroyen, M., & Liu, M. (2024) · Food Hydrocolloids · doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2024.109980 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Bhatt, A. R., Kothari, D. R., Radadiya, H. N., & Kothari, R. K. (2024) · The Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.microb.2024.100091 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Xiong, M. D., & Sun, W. (2024) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000040401 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Liu, J., Guo, M., Yuan, X., Fan, X., Wang, J., & Jiao, X. (2025) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/1753-0407.70068 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
San-Martín, M. I., Chamizo‐Ampudia, A., Sanchiz, Á., Ferrero, M. Á. M., Martı́nez-Blanco, H., Rodrı́guez-Aparicio, L. B., & Navasa, N. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26104818 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Roy, S., & Dhaneshwar, S. S. (2023) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v29.i35.5178 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationMukherjee, A. M. (2025) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.00502-25 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Roy, S., & Dhaneshwar, S.
- Affiliations
- Amity University (IN)
- Amity University Mumbai (IN)
- Venue
- World Journal of Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
- Published
- 2023-04-14
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 2078-2100
- ISSN
- 1007-9327 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10130969
- OpenAlex
- W4365152756
- Cited by
- 334
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 91 · 2025: 125 · 2024: 95 · 2023: 23
- FWCI
- 7.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- World Journal of Gastroenterology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, gut microbiota, probiotic engineering, engineered probiotics, anti-inflammatory cytokines, intestinal inflammation, mucosal immunity
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Inflammation, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, Microbiota
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