Effect of endogenous attention on detection of weak gustatory and olfactory flavors
Open accessAbstract
The effect of endogenous attention on the detectability of weak flavorants was examined in an absolute detection (two-alternative forced-choice) task. Attention to sucrose improved the detectability of sucrose, a gustation-based flavorant, both when the alternative was water and when it was vanillin. But attention to vanillin did not improve the detectability of vanillin, an olfaction-based flavorant, either when the alternative was water or when it was sucrose. Nor did attention improve the detectability of vanillin when the alternative was citric acid, a tastant that is qualitatively less similar to vanillin than is sucrose. Attention had no positive effect on the detection of either sucrose or vanillin when it was mixed with the other substance. These findings suggest that although it is possible to attend selectively to gustatory flavors, it may be more difficult to attend selectively to olfactory flavors--perhaps because attention to flavors, which are taken in the mouth, is directed spatially toward the tongue, where gustatory, but not olfactory, receptors are located.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
People find it difficult to attend selectively to olfactory stimuli after the stimuli have been localised in the mouth.
“people find it di cult to attend selectively to olfactory stimuli after the stimuli have been localised in the mouth [188,189].”
From The Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Sensory Factors in Sweetness Perception of Food and Beverages: A Review (2019) · cites this paper as [189]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
An Introduction to the Psychology of Hearing
Moore, B. (1997) · BRILL eBooks · doi:10.1163/9789004658820 · Cited by 3,961 · see citing works
Attention and the detection of signals.
Posner, M. I., Snyder, C. R., & Davidson, B. J. (1980) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.109.2.160 · Cited by 3,778 · see citing works
Visual search and stimulus similarity.
Duncan, J., & Humphreys, G. W. (1989) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.96.3.433 · Cited by 3,612 · see citing works
Elimination by aspects: A theory of choice
Tversky, A. (1972) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0032955 · Cited by 3,365 · see citing works
Chronometric explorations of mind
Posner, M. I. (1978) · Cited by 2,441 · see citing works
Combinatorial Receptor Codes for Odors
Malnic, B., Hirono, J., Sato, T., & Buck, L. B. (1999) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80581-4 · Cited by 2,302 · see citing works
Bundesen, C. (1990) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.97.4.523 · Cited by 1,708 · see citing works
Selective attention and the organization of visual information.
Duncan, J. S. (1984) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.113.4.501 · Cited by 1,679 · see citing works
Function of the thalamic reticular complex: the searchlight hypothesis
Crick, F. (1984) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.81.14.4586 · Cited by 1,651 · see citing works
Pashler, H. (1997) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/5677.001.0001 · Cited by 1,607 · see citing works
Selective attention and the organization of visual information.
Duncan, J. S. (1984) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.113.4.501 · Cited by 1,600 · see citing works
Egly, R., Driver, J., & Rafal, R. D. (1994) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.123.2.161 · Cited by 1,174 · see citing works
Smell and Taste in Health and Disease
(1992) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-116-1-96 · Cited by 964 · see citing works
Egly, R., Driver, J., & Rafal, R. D. (1994) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.123.2.161 · Cited by 942 · see citing works
Exogenous and endogenous control of attention: The effect of visual onsets and offsets
Theeuwes, J. (1991) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03211619 · Cited by 814 · see citing works
Doty, R. L., Brugger, W. E., Jurs, P. C., Orndorff, M. A., Snyder, P. J., & Lowry, L. D. (1978) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(78)90070-7 · Cited by 677 · see citing works
‘‘Taste-smell confusions” and the duality of the olfactory sense
Rozin, P. (1982) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03202667 · Cited by 627 · cited 3× · see citing works
“To do this, we capitalized on the well-known evidence that flavor perception depends on inputs from the olfactory, as well as the gustatory, sys- tem (Bartoshuk & Beauchamp, 1994; Chifala & Polzella, 1995; Hornung & Enns, 1986; Rozin, 1982).”
BackgroundGustatory, olfactory, and visual convergence within the primate orbitofrontal cortex
Rolls, E., & Baylis, L. (1994) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.14-09-05437.1994 · Cited by 587 · see citing works
The merging of the senses: integration of subthreshold taste and smell
Dalton, P., Doolittle, N., Nagata, H., & Breslin, P. A. S. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/74797 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Paying attention to the thalamic reticular nucleus
Guillery, R. W., Feig, S. L., & Lozsádi, D. A. (1998) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(97)01157-0 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Contributions of the pulvinar to visual spatial attention
Petersen, S. E., Robinson, D. L., & Morris, J. D. (1987) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(87)90046-7 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Covert spatial orienting in audition: Exogenous and endogenous mechanisms.
Spence, C. J., & Driver, J. (1994) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.20.3.555 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Effects of attention on the intensity and unpleasantness of thermal pain
Miron, D., Duncan, G. H., & Bushnell, C. M. (1989) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(89)90048-1 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Briand, K. A., & Klein, R. M. (1987) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037//0096-1523.13.2.228 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Atlas of Odor Character Profiles
Dravnieks, A. (1992) · doi:10.1520/ds61-eb · Cited by 315 · see citing works
The capacity of humans to identify odors in mixtures
Laing, D. G., & Francis, G. W. (1989) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(89)90041-3 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Audiovisual links in endogenous covert spatial attention.
Spence, C. J., & Driver, J. (1996) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037//0096-1523.22.4.1005 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Crossmodal links between vision and touch in covert endogenous spatial attention.
Spence, C. J., Pavani, F., & Driver, J. (2000) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037//0096-1523.26.4.1298 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Crossmodal links between vision and touch in covert endogenous spatial attention.
Spence, C., Pavani, F., & Driver, J. (2000) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.26.4.1298 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Taste and olfaction: Independence vs interaction
Murphy, C., & Cain, W. S. (1980) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(80)90257-7 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Chronic pain and attention: A cognitive approach
Eccleston, C. (1994) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1994.tb01150.x · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Audiovisual links in endogenous covert spatial attention.
Spence, C. J., & Driver, J. (1996) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.22.4.1005 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Mutual action of taste and olfaction.
Murphy, C. A., Cain, W. S., & Bartoshuk, L. M. (1977) · PubMed · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Greenberg, G. Z., & Larkin, W. D. (1968) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.1911290 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Influence of training and experience on the perception of multicomponent odor mixtures.
Livermore, A., & Laing, D. G. (1996) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037//0096-1523.22.2.267 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Focused auditory attention and frequency selectivity
Scharf, B., Quigley, S., Aoki, C., Peachey, N. S., & Reeves, A. (1987) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03203073 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Briand, K. A., & Klein, R. M. (1987) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.13.2.228 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Tyler, C. W., & Chen, C. (2000) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(00)00157-7 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Orthonasal and Retronasal Odorant Identification Based upon Vapor Phase Input from Common Substances
Pierce, J., & Halpern, B. P. (1996) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/21.5.529 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Influence of training and experience on the perception of multicomponent odor mixtures.
Livermore, A., & Laing, D. G. (1996) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.22.2.267 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
A psychophysical model for gustatory quality
Schiffman, S. S., & Erickson, R. P. (1971) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(71)90117-x · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Price, J. L. (1990) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-547625-6.50034-9 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Bartoshuk, L. M., & Beauchamp, G. K. (1994) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.45.020194.002223 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Attentional orienting is impaired by unilateral lesions of the thalamic reticular nucleus in the rat
Weese, G. D., Phillips, J. M., & Brown, V. J. (1999) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-22-10135.1999 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Interactions of suprathereshold taste stimuli.
Kamen, J. Μ., Pilgrim, F. J., Gutman, N. J., & Kroll, B. J. (1961) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0044534 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Thalamic reticular nucleus activation reflects attentional gating during classical conditioning
McAlonan, K., Brown, V. J., & Bowman, E. M. (2000) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-23-08897.2000 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Gustatory processing is dynamic and distributed
Katz, D. B. (2002) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(02)00341-0 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Olfaction and the common chemical sense: some psychophysical contrasts.
Cain, W. S. (1976) · PubMed · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Olfactory evoked potentials in humans
Kobal, G. (1991) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Tull, A. (1989) · Oxford University Press eBooks · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Fried, H., Fuss, S. H., & Korsching, S. I. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.052658399 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Nasal, retronasal, and gustatory perception: An experimental comparison
Burdach, K. J., Kroeze, J. H. A., & Köster, E. P. (1984) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03206360 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Object-based visual attention with endogenous orienting
Abrams, R. A., & Law, M. B. (2000) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03206925 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
ODOUR QUALITIES: A GLOSSARY OF USAGE
Harper, R. J. C., Land, D. G., Griffiths, N. M., & Bate-Smith, E. C. (1968) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1968.tb01137.x · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Sensory integration in citric acid/sucrose mixtures
Schifferstein, H. N. J., & Frijters, J. E. R. (1990) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/15.1.87 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Laing, D. G., Link, C., Jinks, A. L., & Hutchinson, I. (2002) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p3205 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Tactile attention and the perception of moving tactile stimuli
Evans, P. M., & Craig, J. C. (1991) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03205993 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Taste Interrelationships. II. Suprathreshold Solutions of Sucrose and Citric Acid
Pangborn, R. M. (1961) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1961.tb00811.x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
The issue of primary tastes versus a taste continuum
Schiffman, S. S., & Erickson, R. P. (1980) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/0149-7634(80)90009-3 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Attending to auditory filters that were not stimulated directlya)
Hafter, E. R., Schlauch, R. S., & Tang, J. (1993) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.408203 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Selective attention in vibrotactile tasks: Detecting the presence and absence of amplitude change
Whang, K. C., Burton, H., & Shulman, G. L. (1991) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03212216 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Attention and the Detectability of Weak Taste Stimuli
Marks, L. E., & Wheeler, M. E. (1998) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/23.1.19 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationMontero, V. M. (2000) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02182-x · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Effects of exogenous and endogenous attention on visually guided hand movements
Lee, D. (1999) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0926-6410(99)00014-2 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Cuing mechanisms in autitory signal detection
Hübner, R., & Hafter, E. R. (1995) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03206506 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Schröger, E., & Eimer, M. (1997) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/713755706 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Capture of attention in selective frequency listening.
Green, T., & McKeown, J. D. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037//0096-1523.27.5.1197 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Mechanisms for spatial integration in visual detection: a model based on lateral interactions
Sagi, D., Herrmann, J. M., Usher, M., et al. (1999) · Spatial Vision · doi:10.1163/156856899x00111 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The contributions of smell and taste to overall intensity: A model
Hornung, D. E., & Enns, M. P. (1986) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03207066 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Chemosensory Context Effects: Role of Perceived Similarity and Neural Commonality
Rankin, K. (2000) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/25.6.747 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Taste quality differences within the sweet and salty taste categories.
Kuznicki, J. T., & Ashbaugh, N. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Detection of a Target Taste in a Complex Masker
Stevens, J. C., & Traverzo, A. (1997) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/22.5.529 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Capture of attention in selective frequency listening.
Green, T. J., & McKeown, J. D. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.27.5.1197 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Auditory attentional bandwidth: Effect of level and frequency range
Botte, M.-C. (1995) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.414464 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Perceptual processing of taste quality
Kuznicki, J. T., Hayward, M., & Schultz, J. H. (1983) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/7.3-4.273 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Smell and Taste Classification of the Same Stimuli
Chifala, W. M., & Polzella, D. J. (1995) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221309.1995.9921240 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Schröger, E., & Eimer, M. (1997) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/027249897392189 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Hafter, E. R., Schlauch, R. S., & Tang, J. (1993). Attending to audi- tory filters that were not stimulated directly. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 94, 743-747.
- Kamen, J. M., Pilgrim, F. J., Gutman, N. J., & Kroll, B. J. (1961). In- teractions of suprathreshold taste stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62, 348-356.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Piqueras-Fiszman, B., & Spence, C. (2015) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2014.09.013 · Cited by 855 · see citing works
Odor/taste integration and the perception of flavor
Small, D. M., & Prescott, J. (2005) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-005-2376-9 · Cited by 712 · see citing works
The multisensory perception of flavor
Auvray, M., & Spence, C. (2008) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2007.06.005 · Cited by 685 · see citing works
Does food color influence taste and flavor perception in humans?
Spence, C., Levitan, C. A., Shankar, M. U., & Zampini, M. (2010) · Chemosensory Perception · doi:10.1007/s12078-010-9067-z · Cited by 540 · see citing works
The emergence and basis of endogenous attention in infancy and early childhood
Colombo, J., & Cheatham, C. L. (2006) · Advances in Child Development and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0065-2407(06)80010-8 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Wang, Q. J., Mielby, L. A., Junge, J. Y., Bertelsen, A. S., Kidmose, U., Spence, C., & Byrne, D. V. (2019) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods8060211 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
“Notably, people find it difficult to attend selectively to olfactory stimuli after the stimuli have been localised in the mouth [188,189].”
BackgroundCup colour influences consumers’ expectations and experience on tasting specialty coffee
Carvalho, F. M., & Spence, C. (2019) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.03.001 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Oral referral: On the mislocalization of odours to the mouth
Spence, C. (2016) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2016.02.006 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Flavor binding: Its nature and cause
Stevenson, R. J. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0033473 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
The role of attention in the localization of odors to the mouth
Stevenson, R. J., Mahmut, M. K., & Oaten, M. J. (2011) · Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-010-0013-6 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ashkenazi, A., & Marks, L. E.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ashkenazi, Amir
- ORCID
- Marks, Lawrence E.
- Venue
- Perception & Psychophysics
- Published
- 2004-05
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 596-608
- ISSN
- 0031-5117 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5962
- OpenAlex
- W2018230949
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Perception & Psychophysics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (5R01 DC00271-16, R01DC000271)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Keywords
- top-down attention, sucrose, vanillin, citric acid, selective attention
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Female, Humans, Male, Odorants, Sensory Receptor Cells, Smell, Taste, Signal Detection, Psychological
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
