Gustatory, olfactory, and visual convergence within the primate orbitofrontal cortex
Open accessAbstract
Behavioral and perceptual responses to food depend on a convergence between gustatory, olfactory, and visual information. In previous studies a secondary cortical taste area has been found in the caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex of the primate. Furthermore, neurons with olfactory responses have been recorded in a more medial part of the orbitofrontal cortex, and visual inputs have been shown to influence neurons in an intermediate region. These studies suggest that the orbitofrontal cortex may act as a region for convergence of multiple sensory modalities including chemosensation. In the present study neurons throughout the caudal two-thirds of the orbitofrontal cortex of the macaque were tested to gustatory, to olfactory, and to visual stimulation to investigate whether convergence occurs. Neurons in this region of cortex were found that responded to stimulation of the taste, olfactory, or visual system. In addition, some neurons were found with bimodal responses, responding for example to both taste and olfactory, or taste and visual stimuli. Since these multimodal neurons were found in very close proximity to unimodal neurons, and the unimodal sensory neurons were intermingled, it is possible that the orbitofrontal cortex represents the first cortical area of convergence for these three modalities in primates.
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Multisensory neurons in the OFC have parallel sensitivities to input quality from different modalities; neurons most responsive to sweet tastants such as glucose also have a stronger response to visual representations of sweet fruit juice or olfactory stimuli of fruit odours.
“Multisensory neurons in the OFC have parallel sensitivities to the input quality from the di erent modalities; neurons which are most responsive to sweet tastants (glucose) also have a stronger response to the visual representations of sweet fruit juice or olfactory stimuli of fruit odours [157].”
From The Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Sensory Factors in Sweetness Perception of Food and Beverages: A Review (2019) · cites this paper as [157]
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- Authors
- Rolls, E., & Baylis, L.
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 1994-09-01
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 5437-5452
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6577073
- OpenAlex
- W1749500062
- Cited by
- 587
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 14.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- orbitofrontal cortex, sensory convergence, taste, olfaction, vision, bimodal response, macaque, chemosensation, food perception
- MeSH terms
- Acoustic Stimulation, Animals, Frontal Lobe, Macaca fascicularis, Male, Mouth, Movement, Neurons, Odorants, Olfactory Pathways, Photic Stimulation, Stimulation, Chemical, Taste, Visual Pathways
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