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Cited by 1,107Visual perception and processing mechanismsVisual Attention and Saliency DetectionNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Priming of pop-out: I. Role of features

Open access
Maljkovic, Vera, Nakayama, Ken·1994·Memory & Cognition
DOI 10.3758/bf03209251
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Abstract

We examined a visual search task, in which observers responded to the high-acuity aspect of a pop-out target (shape of an odd-colored diamond or vernier offset of an odd spatial-frequency patch). Repetition of the attention-driving feature (color or spatial frequency) in this task primes the pop-out; repetition of the high-acuity aspect (shape, vernier offset) does not. Priming of pop-out is due to a decaying memory trace of the attention-focusing feature laid down with each trial. The trace exerts a diminishing effect over the following five to eight trials (approximately 30 sec), and its influence over this time is cumulative. Observers cannot wilfully overcome the priming, which suggests that it is passive and autonomous. Both target facilitation and distractor inhibition are evident; the former has a greater effect. The phenomenon shows complete binocular transfer.

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  • Intertrial priming is a powerful way by which current selection can be biased toward stimuli that have been selected in the very recent past, irrespective of other concurrently active attentional control processes.

    “For instance, (intertrial) priming is a powerful way by which current selection can be biased toward stimuli that have been selected in the very recent past (e.g., on the previous trial) irrespective of other concurrently active attentional control processes (Maljkovic & Nakayama, 1994; Tulving & Schacter, 1990).”

    From Selection history: How reward modulates selectivity of visual attention. (2018) · cites this paper as Maljkovic & Nakayama, 1994

    The Summary reports that a recently encountered attention-focusing feature facilitates selection on subsequent trials, with the strongest influence immediately afterward. It also says priming is autonomous and unaffected by conscious effort or expectations. The claim’s broader assertion that priming operates irrespective of other concurrently active attentional control processes goes beyond the processes examined in this paper. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Intertrial priming occurred for up to eight successive trials, even when participants were unaware of repetitions or were informed that the target was unlikely to be the same between trials.

    “Priming between trials, or intertrial priming, occurred for up to eight successive trials, even when participants were unware of repetitions (Maljkovic & Nakayama, 2000), or when they were informed that the target was unlikely to be same between trials (Maljkovic & Nakayama, 1994).”

    From Selection history: How reward modulates selectivity of visual attention. (2018) · cites this paper as Maljkovic & Nakayama, 1994

    The Results and Discussion report that priming persisted for about five to eight trials. Experiment 2 varied the probability that the target color would switch, and Experiment 4 tested observers who actively anticipated the next color. But the copy does not say participants were informed that the target was unlikely to stay the same; it says Experiment 2 did not draw their attention to the predictable alternation. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Priming describes how a stimulus or feature that has been repeatedly attended in the recent past is more efficiently selected and identified on the current trial.

    “One widely known influence of memory processes on attentional selection is priming, which describes how a stimulus (feature) that has been repeatedly attended in the recent past is more efficiently selected and identified on the current trial (Maljkovic & Nakayama, 1994; Tulving & Schacter, 1990).”

    From Selection history: How reward modulates selectivity of visual attention. (2018) · cites this paper as Maljkovic & Nakayama, 1994

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [11]11. GELLER,E. S., WHITMAN, C. P., WRENN, R. E, & SHIPLEY, W. (1971). Probability learning and a negative recency effect in the serial an- ticipation of alternative symbols. Journal ofExperimental Psychol- ogy, 41, 291-297.

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Authors
Maljkovic, V., & Nakayama, K.
Affiliations
Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author
Nakayama, Ken
ORCID
Nakayama, Ken
Venue
Memory & Cognition
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
1994-11
Volume
22
Issue
6
Pages
657-672
ISSN
  • 0090-502X (ISSN-L)
  • 1532-5946
DOI
10.3758/bf03209251
OpenAlex
W2035101688
Cited by
1,107
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 29 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 68 · 2012: 52
FWCI
2.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Memory & Cognition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Air Force Office of Scientific Research (F49620)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords
pop-out, attentional priming, visual search, feature-based attention, color attention, spatial frequency, memory trace decay, distractor inhibition
MeSH terms
Attention, Color Perception, Form Perception, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Reaction Time, Visual Acuity, Visual Perception

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