Acquired Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancers Dependent on the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Pathway

Nguyen, Kim-Son H.; Kobayashi, Susumu; Costa, Daniel B.

doi:10.3816/clc.2009.n.039

Cited by 437Lung Cancer Treatments and MutationsHER2/EGFR in Cancer ResearchCancer Genomics and Diagnostics

Acquired Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancers Dependent on the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Pathway

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Nguyen, Kim-Son H., Kobayashi, Susumu, Costa, Daniel B.·2009·Clinical Lung Cancer

DOI 10.3816/clc.2009.n.039PMC PMC2758558

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Abstract

Most advanced non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) with activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations (exon 19 deletions or L858R) initially respond to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) gefitinib and erlotinib. However, over time (median of 6-12 months), most tumors develop acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs. Intense research in these NSCLCs has identified two major mechanisms of resistance to gefitinib/erlotinib: secondary resistance mutations and "oncogene kinase switch" systems. The secondary T790M mutation occurs in 50% of EGFR-mutated patients with TKI resistance, and in vitro, this mutation negates the hypersensitivity of activating EGFR mutations. Sensitive detection methods have identified a proportion of TKI-naive tumors that carry T790M, and these resistant clones may be selected after exposure to gefitinib or erlotinib. Other secondary resistance mutations (D761Y, L747S, T854A) seem to be rare. The amplification of the MET oncogene is present in 20% of TKI-resistant tumors; however, in half of the cases with this "oncogene kinase switch" mechanism the T790M is coexistent. It is possible that other kinases (such as insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor [IGF-1R]) might also be selected to bypass EGFR pathways in resistant tumors. The growing preclinical data in EGFR-mutated NSCLCs with acquired resistance to gefitinib or erlotinib has spawned the initiation or conception of clinical trials testing novel EGFR inhibitors that in vitro inhibit T790M (neratinib, XL647, BIBW 2992, and PF-00299804), MET, or IGF-1R inhibitors in combination with EGFR TKIs, and heat shock protein 90 inhibitors. Ongoing preclinical and clinical research in EGFR-mutated NSCLC has the potential to significantly improve the outcomes of patients with these somatic mutations.

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The less common secondary resistance mutations EGFR D761Y, T854A, and L747S were not detected in any samples.
“but the less common secondary resistance mutations EGFR D761Y, T854A, and L747S (37) were not detected in any samples.”
From Detection of Therapeutically Targetable Driver and Resistance Mutations in Lung Cancer Patients by Next-Generation Sequencing of Cell-Free Circulating Tumor DNA (2016) · cites this paper as [37]
Cells bearing Y764_V765insHH, M766_A767insAI, A767_V769dupASV, D770_N771insNPG, D770_N771insSVD, and H773_V774insH are not inhibited by clinically achievable doses of gefitinib, erlotinib, or afatinib.
“We characterized Y764_V765insHH, M766_A767insAI, A767_V769dupASV, D770_N771insNPG, D770_N771insSVD and H773_V774insH using in vitro models and found that cells bearing these mutant EGFR proteins are not inhibited by clinically-achievable doses of gefitinib, erlotinib 12,35,52–54 or the irreversible EGFR inhibitor afatinib 35,55.”
From Structural, Biochemical, and Clinical Characterization of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Exon 20 Insertion Mutations in Lung Cancer (2013) · cites this paper as [12]

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Authors: Nguyen, K.-S. H., Kobayashi, S., & Costa, D. B.
Affiliations: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Kobayashi, Susumu
Costa, Daniel B.
ORCID: Kobayashi, Susumu
Costa, Daniel B.
Venue: Clinical Lung Cancer
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-07
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Pages: 281-289
ISSN: 1525-7304 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3816/clc.2009.n.039
PMC: PMC2758558
OpenAlex: W2134630203
Cited by: 437
References: 96
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 41
FWCI: 4.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Clinical Lung Cancer (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Cancer Institute (2PA50-CA09057806, P50CA090578, K99CA126026)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › HER2/EGFR in Cancer Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
Keywords: acquired drug resistance, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, non-small cell lung cancer, EGFR mutation, T790M mutation, MET amplification, IGF-1 receptor, neratinib, afatinib, gefitinib, erlotinib, combination therapy, Hsp90 inhibitors
MeSH terms: Erlotinib Hydrochloride, Gefitinib, Afatinib, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Gene Amplification, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Mutation, Quinazolines, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Quinazolinones, ErbB Receptors

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Acquired Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancers Dependent on the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Pathway

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