CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 15Astrophysical Phenomena and ObservationsAstrophysics and Star Formation StudiesStellar, planetary, and galactic studies

THE FOSSIL NUCLEAR OUTFLOW IN THE CENTRAL 30 pc OF THE GALACTIC CENTER

Open access
Hsieh, Pei-Ying, Ho, Paul T. P., Hwang, Chorng-Yuan, Shimajiri, Yoshito, Matsushita, Satoki, Koch, Patrick M., Iono, Daisuke·2016·The Astrophysical Journal
DOI 10.3847/0004-637x/831/1/72
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

We report a new 1 pc (30″) resolution CS( ) line map of the central 30 pc of the Galactic center (GC), made with the Nobeyama 45 m telescope. We revisit our previous study of an extraplanar feature called the polar arc (PA), which is a molecular cloud located above SgrA*, with a velocity gradient perpendicular to the galactic plane. We find that the PA can be traced back to the galactic disk. This provides clues to the launching point of the PA, roughly 6 × 10 6 years ago. Implications of the dynamical timescale of the PA might be related to the Galactic center lobe at parsec scale. Our results suggest that, in the central 30 pc of the GC, the feedback from past explosions could alter the orbital path of molecular gas down to the central tenth of a parsec. In the follow-up work of our new CS( ) map, we also find that, near systemic velocity, the molecular gas shows an extraplanar hourglass-shaped feature (HG-feature) with a size of ∼13 pc. The latitude-velocity diagrams show that the eastern edge of the HG-feature is associated with an expanding bubble B1, ∼7 pc away from SgrA*. The dynamical timescale of this bubble is ∼3 × 10 5 years. This bubble is interacting with the 50 km s−1 cloud. Part of the molecular gas from the 50 km s−1 cloud was swept away by the bubble to . The western edge of the HG-feature seems to be molecular gas entrained from the 20 km s−1 cloud toward the north of the galactic disk. Our results suggest a fossil explosion in the central 30 pc of the GC, a few 10 5 years ago.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3847/0004-637x/831/1/72

Cites

83 of 83 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Hsieh et al. (2015, 2016) observed an Hour-Glass shaped CS(2→1) features, each of size ~15 pc, originating from Sgr A*.

    “Hsieh et al. (2015, 2016) observed an Hour-Glass shaped CS(2 → 1) features, each of size ∼ 15 pc, originating from the Sgr A ∗ .”

    From The Fermi/eROSITA bubbles: a look into the nuclear outflow from the Milky Way (2024) · cites this paper as Hsieh et al. 2016

    Section 3.1 describes an hourglass-shaped feature in the CS(2→1) emission, and Section 5 gives a size of 13 pc for an associated bubble, broadly consistent with ∼15 pc. The paper does not describe multiple features each ∼15 pc across or establish that the hourglass feature originates from Sgr A*; Section 3.2 instead discusses connections between its edges and nearby molecular clouds. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 84 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 7

  1. Lutz, D. 1999, in ESA Special Publication 427, The Universe as Seen by ISO, ed. P. Cox & M. Kessler (Amsterdam: Elsevier), 623
  2. Ozernoy, L. 1996, in IAU Symp. 169, Unsolved Problems of the Milky Way, ed. L. Blitz & P. J. Teuben (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press), 189
  3. Reid, M. J. 1993, ARA&A, 31, 345 · DOI
  4. Simpson, J. P., Witteborn, F. C., Cohen, M., & Price, S. D. 1999, in ASP Conf. Ser. 186, The Central Parsecs of the Galaxyy, ed. H. Falcke et al. (San Francisco, CA: ASP), 527
  5. Sunada, K., Yamaguchi, C., Nakai, N., et al. 2000, Proc. SPIE, 4015, 237
  6. Veilleux, S. 2004, in ASP Conf. Ser. 320, The Neutral ISM in Starburst Galaxies, ed. S. Aalto, S. Huttemeister, & A. Pedlar (San Fransisco, CA: ASP), 277
  7. L. O. Sjouwerman, C. C. Lang, & J. Ott (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press), 364

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Hsieh, P.-Y., Ho, P. T. P., Hwang, C.-Y., Shimajiri, Y., Matsushita, S., Koch, P. M., & Iono, D.
Affiliations
  • Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica (TW)
  • National Central University (TW)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI (JP)
Corresponding author
Hsieh, Pei-Ying
ORCID
Venue
The Astrophysical Journal
Publisher
American Astronomical Society
Published
2016-10-27
Volume
831
Issue
1
Pages
72
ISSN
  • 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
  • 1538-4357
DOI
10.3847/0004-637x/831/1/72
OpenAlex
W2471989743
Cited by
15
References
84
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
FWCI
0.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
National Science Council (NSC 100)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Keywords
Galactic Center, Sgr A*, molecular gas, expanding bubbles, stellar feedback, dynamical timescale, molecular cloud interaction

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review