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Short-term weight loss and hepatic triglyceride reduction: evidence of a metabolic advantage with dietary carbohydrate restriction
Open accessAbstract
Background Individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have excess intrahepatic triglycerides. This is due, in part, to increased hepatic synthesis of fat from carbohydrates via lipogenesis. Although weight loss is currently recommended to treat NAFLD, little attention has been given to dietary carbohydrate restriction.Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of 2 wk of dietary carbohydrate and calorie restriction at reducing hepatic triglycerides in subjects with NAFLD.Design Eighteen NAFLD subjects (n = 5 men and 13 women) with a mean (±SD) age of 45 ± 12 y and a body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 35 ± 7 consumed a carbohydrate-restricted (<20 g/d) or calorie-restricted (1200-1500 kcal/d) diet for 2 wk. Hepatic triglycerides were measured before and after intervention by magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Results Mean (±SD) weight loss was similar between the groups (-4.0 ± 1.5 kg in the calorie-restricted group and -4.6 ± 1.5 kg in the carbohydrate-restricted group; P = 0.363). Liver triglycerides decreased significantly with weight loss (P < 0.001) but decreased significantly more (P = 0.008) in carbohydrate-restricted subjects (-55 ± 14%) than in calorie-restricted subjects (-28 ± 23%). Dietary fat (r = 0.643, P = 0.004), carbohydrate (r = -0.606, P = 0.008), posttreatment plasma ketones (r = 0.755, P = 0.006), and respiratory quotient (r = -0.797, P < 0.001) were related to a reduction in liver triglycerides. Plasma aspartate, but not alanine, aminotransferase decreased significantly with weight loss (P < 0.001).Conclusions Two weeks of dietary intervention (≈4.3% weight loss) reduced hepatic triglycerides by ≈42% in subjects with NAFLD; however, reductions were significantly greater with dietary carbohydrate restriction than with calorie restriction. This may have been due, in part, to enhanced hepatic and whole-body oxidation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01262326.
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“Such rapidly digested, low-fiber carbohydrates drive many obesogenic pathways. 45, 46, 48-50”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [48]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Browning, J. D., Baker, J. A., Rogers, T., Davis, J., Satapati, S., & Burgess, S. C.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-05
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1048-1052
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3076656
- OpenAlex
- W2129727129
- Cited by
- 328
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 14.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (PL1DK081182, DK082872, U01DK082872, PL1DK081183, RL1DK081187, K23DK074396, R01DK087977, R01DK078184)
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (UL1DE019584)
- National Center for Research Resources (P41RR002584, UL1RR024982, RR‐02584)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Diet and metabolism studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Dietary Effects on Health
- Keywords
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic triglycerides, carbohydrate restriction, caloric restriction, weight loss, lipogenesis, ketones, respiratory quotient, transaminases, short-term dietary intervention, dietary fat intake, obesity, liver fat reduction, hepatic steatosis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Diet, Reducing, Fatty Liver, Female, Humans, Ketones, Liver, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Triglycerides, Weight Loss, Body Mass Index, Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted
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