Effects of trans fatty acids on glucose homeostasis: a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials
Open accessAbstract
Background Although evidence from cohort studies has suggested that trans fatty acid (TFA) consumption may be associated with insulin resistance and diabetes, randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) have yielded conflicting results. Objective In a meta-analysis, we combined all available RCTs that examined the role of TFA intake on glucose homeostasis. Design A systematic review of PubMed was performed, and a total of 7 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Primary outcomes were glucose and insulin concentrations. Secondary outcomes were total, LDL-, and HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. The pooled effect size (ES) was calculated through fixed- and random-effects meta-analyses. The potential existence of publication bias was evaluated by using funnel-plot analysis. Metaregression analysis was performed to evaluate for potential dose-response relations between the ES of outcomes and TFA intake. Results Increased TFA intake did not result in significant changes in glucose or insulin concentrations. Increased TFA intake led to a significant increase in total and LDL-cholesterol [ES (95% CI): 0.28 (0.04, 0.51) and 0.36 (0.13, 0.60), respectively] and a significant decrease in HDL-cholesterol concentrations [ES (95% CI): -0.25 (-0.48, -0.01)]. Our analysis also showed the absence of publication bias and any dose-response relations between the ES and TFA intake. Conclusions Increased TFA intake does not result in changes in glucose, insulin, or triglyceride concentrations but leads to an increase in total and LDL-cholesterol and a decrease in HDL-cholesterol concentrations. There is no evidence to support a potential benefit of the reduction of dietary TFA intake on glucose homeostasis.
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Increased trans fat intake did not result in changes in glucose, insulin, or triglyceride concentrations but led to an increase in total and LDL-C and a decrease in HDL-C concentrations.
“Ameta-analysis of seven RCTs showed that increased trans fat intake did not result in changes in glucose, insulin, or triglyceride concentrations but led to an increase in total and LDL-C and a decrease in HDL-C concentrations (307).”
From Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report (2019) · cites this paper as [307]
The current average intake of sodium is >3,500 mg daily.
“Many health groups acknowledge the current average intake of sodium, which is . 3,500 mg daily (308), should be reduced (8,309 -312) to prevent and manage hypertension.”
From Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report (2019) · cites this paper as [308]
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- Authors
- Aronis, K. N., Khan, S. M., & Mantzoros, C. S.
- Affiliations
- VA Boston Healthcare System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mantzoros, Christos S
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-11
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1093-1099
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3471197
- OpenAlex
- W2170172044
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 0.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Office of Research and Development
- U.S. Public Health Service (NIDDK 79929, NIDDK 81913, NIDDK 58785)
- Clinical Science Research and Development
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (81913, 58785, 1I01CX000422-01A1, 79929)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- trans fatty acids, dietary trans fats, glucose homeostasis, insulin, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, lipid profile, dose-response relationship, publication bias
- MeSH terms
- Cholesterol, Glucose, Homeostasis, Humans, Insulin, Triglycerides, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Trans Fatty Acids
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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