Dietary Fat and Meat Intake in Relation to Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Men
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OBJECTIVE—To examine dietary fat and meat intake in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We prospectively followed 42,504 male participants of the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study who were aged 40–75 years and free of diagnosed diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in 1986. Diet was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire and updated in 1990 and 1994. During 12 years of follow-up, we ascertained 1,321 incident cases of type 2 diabetes. RESULTS—Intakes of total fat (multivariate RR for extreme quintiles 1.27, CI 1.04–1.55, P for trend=0.02) and saturated fat (1.34, 1.09–1.66, P for trend=0.01) were associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. However, these associations disappeared after additional adjustment for BMI (total fat RR 0.97, CI 0.79–1.18; saturated fat 0.97, 0.79–1.20). Intakes of oleic acid, trans-fat, long-chain n-3 fat, and α-linolenic acid were not associated with diabetes risk after multivariate adjustment. Linoleic acid was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes in men <65 years of age (RR 0.74, CI 0.60–0.92, P for trend=0.01) and in men with a BMI <25 kg/m2 (0.53, 0.33–0.85, P for trend=0.006) but not in older and obese men. Frequent consumption of processed meat was associated with a higher risk for type 2 diabetes (RR 1.46, CI 1.14–1.86 for ≥5/week vs. <1/month, P for trend <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS—Total and saturated fat intake were associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, but these associations were not independent of BMI. Frequent consumption of processed meats may increase risk of type 2 diabetes.
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Large studies evaluating poultry and incident diabetes have shown mixed results including higher risk, no risk, and lower risk.
“Large studies evaluating poultry and incident diabetes have shown mixed results including higher risk, no risk, and lower risk.178, 190-195”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [190]
In large cohort studies, saturated fat is not associated with development of T2DM, after adjustment for BMI, total dietary fiber, or magnesium intake.
“in large cohort studies, saturated fat is not associated with development of T2DM, after adjustment for BMI, total dietary fiber, or magnesium intake (144–149).”
From Food Consumption and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease: Importance of Solutions Focused on the Globalized Food System (2015) · cites this paper as [149]
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- Authors
- van Dam, R. M., Willett, W. C., Rimm, E. B., Stampfer, M. J., & Hu, F. B.
- Affiliations
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2002-03-01
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 417-424
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2114364609
- Cited by
- 593
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 29.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- Rivm Repository (Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- American Diabetes Association
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL035464, HL35464)
- National Cancer Institute (CA-55075)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, dietary fat, saturated fat, meat consumption, processed meat, linoleic acid, omega-3 fatty acids, alpha-linolenic acid, oleic acid, trans fatty acids, body mass index, men, Health Professionals Follow-up Study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Body Weight, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dietary Fats, Dietary Proteins, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia, Hypertension, Male, Meat, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Smoking, Body Mass Index, Incidence, Linoleic Acid
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