Circulating biomarkers of dairy fat and risk of incident stroke in U.S. men and women in 2 large prospective cohorts >
Open accessAbstract
Background Previous observational studies of self-reported dairy product consumption and stroke risk have reported mixed findings. Few studies have used circulating biomarkers that provide objective measures of dairy fat intake.Objectives We tested the hypothesis that the circulating biomarkers of dairy fat, pentadecanoic acid (15:0), heptadecanoic acid (17:0), and trans palmitoleate (trans 16:1n-7), were associated with lower incidence of stroke, especially ischemic stroke. Secondarily, we evaluated 14:0, which is obtained from dairy products and beef, and also endogenously synthesized.Design In participants from 2 large US cohorts (the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study: 51,529 men; the Nurses' Health Study: 121,700 women) with stored blood samples in 1993-1994 (n = 18,225) and 1989-1990 (n = 32,826), respectively, we prospectively identified 594 incident stroke cases (median follow-up: 8.3 y) and matched them 1:1 to risk-set-sampled control subjects by age, sex, race, and smoking. Total plasma and red blood cell (RBC) fatty acids were measured by using gas-liquid chromatography. Covariates were assessed by using validated questionnaires. Stroke events and subtypes were adjudicated by using medical records or other supporting documentation. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate associations of fatty acids with incident stroke, and cohort-specific findings were combined by inverse-variance weights.Results After adjustment for demographic characteristics, lifestyle, cardiovascular disease risk factors, diet, and other circulating fatty acids, no significant associations with total stroke were seen for plasma 15:0 (pooled HR for highest compared with lowest quartiles: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.54, 1.33), 17:0 (0.99; 0.67, 1.49), trans 16:1 n-7 (0.89; 0.55, 1.45), or 14:0 (1.05; 0.62, 1.78). Results were similar for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke subtypes, for RBC fatty acids, and in several different sensitivity analyses.Conclusion In 2 large prospective cohorts, circulating biomarkers of dairy fat were not significantly associated with stroke.
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In cohorts utilizing objective blood biomarkers, greater dairy fat consumption is associated with lower incidence of diabetes and CHD, with mixed findings for stroke.
“In cohorts utilizing objective blood biomarkers, greater dairy fat consumption is associated with lower incidence of diabetes59-61, 242, 243 and CHD,39, 244, 245 with mixed findings for stroke.246”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [246]
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“In cohorts using objective blood biomarkers, greater dairy fat consumption is associated with a lower incidence of diabetes mellitus and CHD,(39,244,245) and with mixed findings for stroke.(246) It remains unclear whether such findings relate to health benefits of specific dairy fatty acids (eg, branched-chain fatty a…”
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- Authors
- Yakoob, M. Y., Shi, P., Hu, F. B., Campos, H., Rexrode, K. M., Orav, E. J., Willett, W. C., & Mozaffarian, D.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-12
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1437-1447
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4232012
- OpenAlex
- W1975711773
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 11.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1r01es014433-01a2)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL60712, R01HL060712, R01HL035464, HL35464, HL-088521, HL34594, R01HL034594, R01HL088521)
- National Cancer Institute (CA-167552, CA-87969, CA-55075, P01CA087969, P01CA055075, UM1CA167552, U01CA167552)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK058845, DK58845)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES 013692, R01ES013692, R01-ES014433)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- milk fat, circulating biomarkers, stroke risk, ischemic stroke, pentadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, medium-chain fatty acids, plasma fatty acids, red blood cell fatty acids, dairy consumption, dietary fat intake, Health Professionals Follow-up Study, Nurses' Health Study, hemorrhagic stroke, sex differences, men and women
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Dairy Products, Diet, Dietary Fats, Fatty Acids, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated, Feeding Behavior, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sensitivity and Specificity, Biomarkers, Incidence, Logistic Models, Case-Control Studies, Stroke
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