Perinatal risk factors for childhood obesity and metabolic dysregulation
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Background Childhood obesity has increased significantly in recent decades. Objective The objective was to examine the perinatal risk factors related to childhood obesity. Design In a prospective study, 89 women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their offspring were evaluated at birth and at 8.8 +/- 1.8 y. At birth, obstetrical data, parental anthropometric measures, and neonatal body composition were assessed; at follow-up, diet and activity were assessed and laboratory studies were conducted. Weight was classified by using weight for age and sex, and body composition was measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In childhood, data were analyzed as tertiles and prediction models were developed by using logistic and stepwise regression. Results No significant differences in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention weight percentiles, body composition, and most metabolic measures were observed between children of mothers with NGT and GDM at follow-up. Children in the upper tertile for weight had greater energy intake (P = 0.02), skinfold thickness (P = 0.0001), and leptin concentrations (P < 0.0001) than did those in tertiles 1 and 2. Children in the upper tertile for percentage body fat had greater waist circumference (P = 0.0001), insulin resistance (P = 0.002), and triglyceride (P = 0.009) and leptin (P = 0.0001) concentrations than did children in tertiles 1 and 2. The correlation between body fat at birth and follow-up was r = 0.29 (P = 0.02). The strongest perinatal predictor for a child in the upper tertile for weight was maternal pregravid body mass index (BMI; kg/m(2)) >30 (odds ratio: 3.75; 95% CI: 1.39, 10.10; P = 0.009) and for percentage body fat was maternal pregravid BMI >30 (odds ratio: 5.45; 95% CI: 1.62, 18.41; P = 0.006). Conclusion Maternal pregravid BMI, independent of maternal glucose status or birth weight, was the strongest predictor of childhood obesity.
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Recent metabolomics studies within the HAPO Study and other cohorts support the concept that mixed nutrients (sugars, lipids, amino acids) contribute to associations of maternal hyperglycemia with newborn outcomes.
“However, recent metabolomics studies performed within the HAPO Study and within other cohorts support the concept that mixed nutrients (eg, sugars, lipids, and amino acids) contribute to associations of maternal hyperglycemia with newborn outcomes.34,35”
From Association of Gestational Diabetes With Maternal Disorders of Glucose Metabolism and Childhood Adiposity (2018) · cites this paper as [34]
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- Authors
- Catalano, P. M., Farrell, K., Thomas, A., Huston-Presley, L., Mencin, P., de Mouzon, S. H., & Amini, S. B.
- Affiliations
- MetroHealth (US)
- Corresponding author
- Catalano, Patrick M
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1303-1313
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2762159
- OpenAlex
- W2107055442
- Cited by
- 553
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 88 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 24.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Diabetes Association
- Georgia Clinical and Translational Science Alliance
- National Institutes of Health
- National Center for Research Resources (RR 024989, UL1RR024989)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD-22965)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- childhood obesity, perinatal risk factors, gestational diabetes mellitus, maternal glucose tolerance, body composition, insulin resistance, leptin, energy intake, skinfold thickness, waist circumference, triglycerides, metabolic dysfunction, offspring
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Body Composition, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S., Child, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Metabolic Diseases, Mothers, Obesity, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, United States, Weight Gain, Odds Ratio, Diabetes, Gestational, Glucose Intolerance, Perinatal Care
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