The DOI matches its Crossref record; 103 of the 105 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Nuts and novel biomarkers of cardiovascular disease
Open accessAbstract
Nuts are energy-dense foods, rich in total fat and unsaturated fatty acids. The favorable fatty acid profile probably contributes to the beneficial effects of nut consumption observed in epidemiologic studies (prevention of coronary heart disease and diabetes) and feeding trials (cholesterol lowering). Besides fat, the complex matrices of nuts contain many bioactive compounds: vegetable protein, fiber, minerals, tocopherols, and phenolic compounds. By virtue of their unique composition, nuts are likely to benefit newer cardiovascular risk biomarkers, such as LDL oxidizability, soluble inflammatory molecules, and endothelial dysfunction. Protection of LDL oxidation by nut intake has been documented in some, but not all, clinical studies. In one study, feeding one daily serving of mixed nuts was associated with lower oxidized LDL concentrations. Regarding inflammation, cross-sectional studies have shown that nut consumption is associated with lower concentrations of circulating inflammatory molecules and higher plasma adiponectin, a potent antiinflammatory adipokine. Clinical studies with nuts have documented reduced inflammatory cytokine concentrations but no consistent changes of C-reactive protein. Only walnuts have been formally tested for effects on endothelial function. After both walnut diets and single walnut meals, favorable vasoreactivity changes have been observed. Walnut consumption also reduced expression of endothelin 1, a potent endothelial activator, in an animal model of accelerated atherosclerosis. Beneficial effects on vascular reactivity may be ascribed to several constituents of walnuts: l-arginine, the precursor of nitric oxide, alpha-linolenic acid, and phenolic antioxidants. Although more studies are warranted, the emerging picture is that nut consumption beneficially influences cardiovascular risk beyond cholesterol lowering.
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“Because chronic low-grade inflammation is a pathogenetic factor in diabetes, synergy among the anti-inflammatory properties of the MedDiet and those specific to virgin olive oil ( 18 ) and nuts ( 19 ) might also be relevant to diabetes risk reduction.”
From Reduction in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes With the Mediterranean Diet (2011) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“In RCTs, nut consumption reduces total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, postprandial hyperglycemia from high-carbohydrate meals, and (variably) oxidative, inflammatory, and endothelial biomarkers.55,57–59”
From Components of a Cardioprotective Diet: New Insights (2011) · cites this paper as [57]
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Cites
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Hansson, G. K. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra043430 · Cited by 8,773
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n−3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and inflammatory diseases
Calder, P. C. (2006) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1505s · Cited by 2,525
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Effects of a Mediterranean-Style Diet on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Randomized Trial
Estruch, R., Martínez-González, M. Á., Corella, D., Salas-Salvadó, J., Ruiz-Gutiérrez, V., Covas, M. I., Fiol, M., Gómez-Gracia, E., López-Sabater, M. C., Vinyoles, E., et al. (2006) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-145-1-200607040-00004 · Cited by 1,704
Self-citationOptimal Diets for Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease
Hu, F. B. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.20.2569 · Cited by 1,503
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Cited by
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Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity
Calder, P. C., Ahluwalia, N., Brouns, F., Buetler, T., Clement, K., Cunningham, K., Esposito, K., Jönsson, L. S., Kolb, H., Lansink, M., et al. (2011) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114511005460 · Cited by 1,098
“anti-inflammatory activity of nuts are likely to include PUFA, Mg and phytochemicals including ellagic acid((372)).”
Reduction in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes With the Mediterranean Diet
Salas-Salvadó, J., Bulló, M., Babio, N., Martínez-González, M. Á., Ibarrola-Jurado, N., Basora, J., Estruch, R., Covas, M. I., Corella, D., Arós, F., et al. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-1288 · Cited by 901
“Because chronic low-grade inflammation is a pathogenetic factor in diabetes, synergy among the antiinflammatory properties of the MedDiet and those specific to virgin olive oil (18) and nuts (19) might also be relevant to diabetes risk reduction.”
BackgroundSelf-citationFoods, Nutrients, and Dietary Patterns: Interconnections and Implications for Dietary Guidelines
Tapsell, L. C., Neale, E. P., Satija, A., & Hu, F. B. (2016) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.115.011718 · Cited by 744
“Reviews can be found in the literature that outline nutrient effects emerging in association with consumption of individual foods, such as vegetables (34), nuts (35), and whole grains (36).”
BackgroundFood synergy: an operational concept for understanding nutrition
Jacobs, D. R., Gross, M. D., & Tapsell, L. C. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736b · Cited by 665
Health Benefits of Nut Consumption
Ros, E. (2010) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu2070652 · Cited by 773
“Nevertheless, plasma levels of CRP, a standard measure of systemic low-grade inflammation, were usually unaffected in controlled feeding trials with almonds, walnuts, or mixed nuts, as reviewed up to 2008 [21].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Ros, E.
- Affiliations
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Ros, Emilio
- ORCID
- Ros, Emilio
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-05
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1649S-1656S
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2104906024
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 3.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCLA - Biblioteca de Ciencias de la Salud (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nuts composition and effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Keywords
- nuts, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk markers, LDL oxidation, inflammation, adiponectin, endothelial function, Juglans regia, phenolic compounds, alpha-linolenic acid, L-arginine, nitric oxide, endothelin-1, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, dietary fat
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet, Dietary Fats, Disease Models, Animal, Endothelium, Vascular, Humans, Inflammation, Lipoproteins, LDL, Nuts, Risk Factors, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Biomarkers, Adiponectin
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