Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease: Molecular Basis and Practical Considerations
Abstract
C ardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. 1 Primary prevention and secondary prevention of CVD are public health priorities. 2 Substantial data indicate that CVD is a life course disease that begins with the evolution of risk factors that in turn contribute to the development of subclinical atherosclerosis.3,4 Subclinical disease culminates in overt CVD.5,6 The onset of CVD itself portends an adverse prognosis with greater risk of recurrent events, morbidity, and mortality.7,8 It is also increasingly clear that although clinical assessment is the keystone of patient management, such evaluation has its limitations.9 -12 Clinicians have used additional tools to aid clinical assessment and to enhance their ability to identify the "vulnerable" patient at risk for CVD, as suggested by a recent National Institutes of Health (NIH) panel.13,14 Biomarkers are one such tool to better identify high-risk individuals, to diagnose disease conditions promptly and accurately, and to effectively prognosticate and treat patients with disease.This review provides an overview of the molecular basis of biomarker discovery and selection and the practical considerations that are a prerequisite to their clinical use.
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Newly developed biomarkers of cardiovascular disease are compared with the current standard, the Framingham Index, rather than in isolation.
“Of note, newly developed biomarkers of cardiovascular disease are compared with the current standard (the Framingham Index) rather than in isolation (52).”
From HIV and Aging: State of Knowledge and Areas of Critical Need for Research. A Report to the NIH Office of AIDS Research by the HIV and Aging Working Group (2012) · cites this paper as [52]
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- Authors
- Vasan, R. S.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Vasan, Ramachandran S.
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2006-05-16
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 2335-2362
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2108842111
- Cited by
- 1,212
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 69 · 2016: 68 · 2015: 88 · 2014: 75 · 2013: 81 · 2012: 83
- FWCI
- 59.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc25195-41-0-1, n01hv28178-12-0-0, N01-HC 25195)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2K24 HL 04334, N01 HV28178, N01‐HC25195, R01HL067288, U01 HL 66585, K24HL004334, 1 R01 HL71039, 1R01HL67288, R01HL071039)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Biomarkers in Disease Mechanisms
- Keywords
- cardiovascular disease, biomarkers, subclinical atherosclerosis, cardiovascular risk assessment, biomarker discovery, biomarker selection, cardiovascular prognosis, cardiovascular disease prevention
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Gene Expression Regulation, Genetic Markers, Genetic Testing, Humans, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Biomarkers, Proteomics
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