CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 156Diabetes and associated disordersInfant Nutrition and HealthDiabetes Management and Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Infant feeding and the risk of type 1 diabetes

Open access
Knip, Mikael, Virtanen, Suvi M, Åkerblom, Hans K·2010·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
DOI 10.3945/ajcn.2010.28701cPMC PMC6443298
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes is generally considered to be a chronic, immune-mediated disease with a subclinical prodrome during which beta cell autoimmunity becomes overt disease at a variable rate in genetically susceptible individuals. Accumulated evidence supports a critical role of environmental factors in its development. Prospective birth cohort studies show that the first signs of beta cell autoimmunity may be initiated during the first year of life. This implies that risk factors for beta cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes must be operative in infancy. Early nutrition provides essential exogenous exposures in that period. This article discusses the role of factors related to infant nutrition in the development of beta cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes and the potential mechanistic pathways involved. So far, no specific dietary factor has been shown to be an unequivocal risk factor for beta cell autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes, and there are a number of contradictory observations with regard to the effect of various foods. This may reflect geographic and cultural differences in infant-feeding practices. Most studies suggest that the early introduction of complex foreign proteins may be a risk factor for beta cell autoimmunity, and a pilot intervention trial has implied that weaning to a highly hydrolyzed formula may decrease the risk of beta cell autoimmunity. Lack of vitamin D supplementation and accelerated growth might increase the risk of type 1 diabetes. Additional wor…

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3945/ajcn.2010.28701c

Cites

0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 0 references

Research works printed but not linked: 61

  1. Knip, 2005, Environmental triggers and determinants of β-cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes., Diabetes, 54, S125, 10.2337/diabetes.54.suppl_2.S125 · DOI
  2. Ziegler, 1999, Autoantibody appearance and risk for development of childhood diabetes in offspring of parents with type 1 diabetes: the 2-year analysis of the German BABYDIAB Study., Diabetes, 48, 460, 10.2337/diabetes.48.3.460 · DOI
  3. Kimpimäki, 2001, The first signs of β-cell autoimmunity appear in infancy in genetically susceptible children from the general population: The Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Study., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86, 4782
  4. Harjutsalo, 2008, Time trends in the incidence of type 1 diabetes in Finnish children: a cohort study., Lancet, 371, 1777, 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60765-5 · DOI · Paper page
  5. Patterson, 2009, EURODIAB Study Group. Incidence trends for childhood type 1 diabetes in Europe during 1989-2003 and predicted new cases 2005-20: a multicentre prospective registration study., Lancet, 373, 2027, 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60568-7 · DOI · Paper page
  6. Gerstein, 1994, Cow’s milk exposure and type I diabetes mellitus. A critical overview of the clinical literature., Diabetes Care, 17, 13, 10.2337/diacare.17.1.13 · DOI
  7. Norris, 2003, Timing of initial cereal exposure in infancy and risk of islet autoimmunity., JAMA, 290, 1713, 10.1001/jama.290.13.1713 · DOI · Paper page
  8. Ziegler, 2003, Early infant feeding and risk of developing type 1 diabetes-associated autoantibodies., JAMA, 290, 1721, 10.1001/jama.290.13.1721 · DOI
  9. Virtanen, 2006, Age at introduction of new foods and advanced beta-cell autoimmunity in young children with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes., Diabetologia, 49, 1512, 10.1007/s00125-006-0236-1 · DOI
  10. Kimpimäki, 2001, Short exclusive breast-feeding predisposes young children with increased genetic risk of type 1 diabetes to progressive beta-cell autoimmunity., Diabetologia, 44, 63, 10.1007/s001250051581 · DOI
  11. Holmberg, 2007, the ABIS study group. Short duration of breast-feeding as a risk factor for β-cell autoantibodies in 5-year-old children from the general population., Br J Nutr, 97, 111, 10.1017/S0007114507210189 · DOI
  12. Virtanen, 1991, Infant feeding in Finnish children <7 yr of age with newly diagnosed IDDM., Diabetes Care, 14, 415, 10.2337/diacare.14.5.415 · DOI
  13. Kostraba, 1993, Early exposure to cow’s milk and solid foods in infancy, genetic predisposition, and risk of IDDM., Diabetes, 42, 288, 10.2337/diab.42.2.288 · DOI
  14. Wadsworth, 1997, A case-control study of environmental factors associated with diabetes in the under 5s., Diabet Med, 14, 390, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199705)14:5<390::AID-DIA364>3.0.CO;2-E · DOI
  15. The EURODIAB Substudy 2 study group. Rapid early growth is associated with increased risk of childhood type 1 diabetes in various European populations. Diabetes Care 2002;25:1755–60. · DOI
  16. Hyppönen, 1999, Infant feeding, early weight gain and risk of type 1 diabetes., Diabetes Care, 22, 1961, 10.2337/diacare.22.12.1961 · DOI
  17. Åkerblom, 2005, Dietary manipulation of beta-cell autoimmunity in infants at increased risk for type 1 diabetes., Diabetologia, 48, 829, 10.1007/s00125-005-1733-3 · DOI
  18. Stene, 2003, Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Study Group. Use of cod liver oil during the first year of life is associated with lower risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes: a large, population-based, case-control study., Am J Clin Nutr, 78, 1128, 10.1093/ajcn/78.6.1128 · DOI · Paper page
  19. Stene, 2008, Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Study Group. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism, cod liver oil and risk of type 1 diabetes., Pediatr Diabetes, 9, 40, 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2007.00263.x · DOI
  20. Norris, 2007, Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and islet autoimmunity in children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes., JAMA, 298, 1420, 10.1001/jama.298.12.1420 · DOI
  21. Chase, 2009, Nutritional intervention to prevent (NIP) type 1 diabetes: a pilot trial., ICAN: Infant, Child, & Adolescent Nutrition, 1, 98
  22. The EURODIAB Substudy 2 Study Group. Vitamin D supplement in early childhood and risk of type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1999;42:51–4. · DOI
  23. Hyppönen, 2001, Intake of vitamin D and risk of type 1 diabetes: a birth cohort study., Lancet, 358, 1500, 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06580-1 · DOI
  24. Zipitis, 2008, Vitamin D supplementation in early childhood and risk of type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis., Arch Dis Child, 93, 512, 10.1136/adc.2007.128579 · DOI
  25. Wicklow, 2006, Feasibility of a type 1 diabetes primary prevention trial using 2000 IU vitamin D3 in infants from the general population with increased HLA-associated risk., Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1079, 310, 10.1196/annals.1375.047 · DOI
  26. Li, 2009, Protective effects of 1-α-hydroxyvitamin D3 on residual β-cell function in patients with adult-onset latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA)., Diabetes Metab Res Rev, 25, 411, 10.1002/dmrr.977 · DOI
  27. Räsänen, 2006, Intake of vitamin D by Finnish children aged 3 months to 3 years in relation to sociodemographic factors., Eur J Clin Nutr, 60, 1317, 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602459 · DOI
  28. Kondrashova, 2005, A sixfold gradient in the incidence of type 1 diabetes at the eastern border of Finland., Ann Med, 37, 67, 10.1080/07853890410018952 · DOI
  29. Viskari, 2006, Circulating vitamin D concentrations in two neighboring populations with markedly different incidence of type 1 diabetes., Diabetes Care, 29, 1458, 10.2337/dc06-2559 · DOI
  30. Beales, 1994, Vitamin E delays diabetes onset in the non-obese diabetic mouse., Horm Metab Res, 26, 450, 10.1055/s-2007-1001731 · DOI
  31. Uusitalo, 2008, Serum α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations and risk of advanced beta-cell autoimmunity in children with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes., Diabetologia, 51, 773, 10.1007/s00125-008-0959-2 · DOI
  32. Harder, 2009, Birth weight, early weight gain and subsequent risk of type 1 diabetes: systemic review and meta-analysis., Am J Epidemiol, 169, 1428, 10.1093/aje/kwp065 · DOI
  33. Hyppönen, 2000, The Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group. Obesity, increased linear growth and risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children., Diabetes Care, 23, 1755, 10.2337/diacare.23.12.1755 · DOI
  34. Lammi, 2009, Childhood BMI trajectories and the risk of developing young adult-onset diabetes., Diabetologia, 52, 408, 10.1007/s00125-008-1244-0 · DOI
  35. Catassi, 1995, Intestinal permeability changes during the first month: effect of natural versus artificial feeding., J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 21, 383, 10.1097/00005176-199511000-00003 · DOI
  36. Jenista, 1984, Epidemiology of neonatal enterovirus infection., J Pediatr, 104, 685, 10.1016/S0022-3476(84)80944-0 · DOI
  37. Sadeharju, 2007, Maternal antibodies in breast milk protect the child from enterovirus infections., Pediatrics, 119, 941, 10.1542/peds.2006-0780 · DOI
  38. Westerholm-Ormio, 2003, Immunological activity in the small intestinal mucosa of pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes., Diabetes, 52, 2287, 10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2287 · DOI
  39. Auricchio, 2004, In-vitro-deranged intestinal immune response to gliadin in type 1 diabetes., Diabetes, 53, 1680, 10.2337/diabetes.53.7.1680 · DOI
  40. Savilahti, 1988, Children with newly diagnosed insulin dependent diabetes mellitus have increased levels of cow’s milk antibodies., Diabetes Res, 7, 137
  41. Dahlquist, 1992, An increased level of antibodies to beta-lactoglobulin is a risk determinant for early-onset type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus independent of islet cell antibodies and early introduction of cow’s milk., Diabetologia, 35, 980, 10.1007/BF00401429 · DOI
  42. Saukkonen, 1994, Children with newly diagnosed IDDM have increased levels of antibodies to bovine serum albumin but not to ovalbumin., Diabetes Care, 17, 970, 10.2337/diacare.17.9.970 · DOI
  43. Luopajärvi, 2008, Enhanced levels of cow’s milk antibodies in infancy in children who develop type 1 diabetes later in childhood., Pediatr Diabetes, 9, 434, 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2008.00413.x · DOI
  44. Tiittanen, 2008, Infiltration of Foxp3 expressing cells in jejunal mucosa in celiac disease but not in type 1 diabetes., Clin Exp Immunol, 152, 498, 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03662.x · DOI
  45. Myers, 2003, Toxic type 1 diabetes., Rev Endocr Metab Disord, 4, 225, 10.1023/A:1025196127517 · DOI
  46. Baeke, 2008, Vitamin D signaling in immune-mediated disorders: evolving insights and therapeutic opportunities., Mol Aspects Med, 29, 376, 10.1016/j.mam.2008.05.004 · DOI
  47. Hindmarsh, 1988, Relation between height velocity and fasting insulin concentrations., Arch Dis Child, 63, 665, 10.1136/adc.63.6.665 · DOI
  48. Mojibian, 2009, A diabetes-specific HLA-DR restricted proinflammatory T cell response in tissue transglutaminase antibody-negative patients with type 1 diabetes., Diabetes, 58, 1789, 10.2337/db08-1579 · DOI
  49. Hettiarachchi, 2004, Transplacental exposure to bafilomycin disrupts pancreatic islet organogenesis and accelerates diabetes onset in NOD mice., J Autoimmun, 22, 287, 10.1016/j.jaut.2004.02.004 · DOI
  50. Virtanen, 2008, In vitro toxicity of cereulide on porcine pancreatic Langerhans islets., Toxicon, 51, 1029, 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.01.019 · DOI
  51. Guo, 2006, Meta-analysis of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and type 1 diabetes: a HuGE review of genetic association studies., Am J Epidemiol, 164, 711, 10.1093/aje/kwj278 · DOI
  52. Bailey, 2007, Association of the vitamin D metabolism gene CYP27B1 with type 1 diabetes., Diabetes, 56, 2616, 10.2337/db07-0652 · DOI
  53. Bland, 2004, Expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1-alpha-hydroxylase in pancreatic islets., J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 89-90, 121, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.03.115 · DOI
  54. Asayama, 1986, Effect of vitamin E deficiency and selenium deficiency on insulin secretory reserve and free radical scavenging systems in islets: decrease of islet manganosuperoxide dismutase., J Lab Clin Med, 107, 459
  55. Rabinovitch, 1992, Free radicals as mediators of pancreatic islet β-cell injury in autoimmune diabetes., J Lab Clin Med, 119, 455
  56. Rabinovitch, 1998, Cytokines and their roles in pancreatic islet β-cell destruction and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus., Biochem Pharmacol, 55, 1139, 10.1016/S0006-2952(97)00492-9 · DOI
  57. Jiang, 2001, γ-Tocopherol, the major form of vitamin E in the US diet, deserves more attention., Am J Clin Nutr, 74, 714, 10.1093/ajcn/74.6.714 · DOI · Paper page
  58. Palmer, 1989, Interaction of beta-cell activity and IL-1 concentration and exposure time in isolated rat islets of Langerhans., Diabetes, 38, 1211, 10.2337/diab.38.10.1211 · DOI
  59. Orešič, 2008, Dysregulation of lipid and amino acid metabolism precedes autoimmunity in children who later progress to type 1 diabetes., J Exp Med, 205, 2975, 10.1084/jem.20081800 · DOI · Paper page
  60. Hewagama, 2009, The genetics and epigenetics of autoimmune diseases., J Autoimmun, 33, 3, 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.03.007 · DOI
  61. Junien, 2006, Impact of diets and nutrients/drugs on early epigenetic programming., J Inherit Metab Dis, 29, 359, 10.1007/s10545-006-0299-7 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Knip, M., Virtanen, S. M., & Åkerblom, H. K.
Affiliations
University of Helsinki (FI)
Corresponding author
Knip, Mikael
ORCID
Venue
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2010-05
Volume
91
Issue
5
Pages
1506S-1513S
ISSN
0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3945/ajcn.2010.28701c
PMC
PMC6443298
OpenAlex
W2138015526
Cited by
156
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 15
FWCI
9.90
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
Funders
NIH
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords
type 1 diabetes, infant feeding, islet autoimmunity, infant nutrition, hydrolyzed formula, weaning, vitamin D supplementation, infant growth, environmental risk factors, dietary risk factors
MeSH terms
Breast Feeding, Cell Membrane Permeability, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Female, Finland, Humans, Infant, Infant Food, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Intestinal Absorption, Polymorphism, Genetic, Rickets, Risk Factors, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency, Incidence, Receptors, Calcitriol, Developed Countries, Dietary Supplements, Insulin-Secreting Cells

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review