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Role of Resistant Starch in Improving Gut Health, Adiposity, and Insulin Resistance
Open accessAbstract
The realization that low-glycemic index diets were formulated using resistant starch led to more than a decade of research on the health effects of resistant starch. Determination of the metabolizable energy of the resistant starch product allowed for the performance of isocaloric studies. Fermentation of resistant starch in rodent studies results in what appears to be a healthier gut, demonstrated by increased amounts of short-chain fatty acids, an apparent positive change in the microbiota, and increased gene expression for gene products involved in normal healthy proliferation and apoptosis of potential cancer cells. Additionally, consumption of resistant starch was associated with reduced abdominal fat and improved insulin sensitivity. Increased serum glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) likely plays a role in promoting these health benefits. One rodent study that did not use isocaloric diets demonstrated that the use of resistant starch at 8% of the weight of the diet reduced body fat. This appears to be approximately equivalent to the human fiber requirement. In human subjects, insulin sensitivity is increased with the feeding of resistant starch. However, only 1 of several studies reports an increase in serum GLP-1 associated with resistant starch added to the diet. This means that other mechanisms, such as increased intestinal gluconeogenesis or increased adiponectin, may be involved in the promotion of improved insulin sensitivity. Future research may confirm that there will be improved health if human individuals consume the requirement for dietary fiber and a large amount of the fiber is fermentable.
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“Further, epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that increased intake of dietary fiber reduces the risk for developing metabolic diseases (188–190), possibly by changing gut microbiome composition and diversity with increased production of SCFAs (187–189).”
From The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids From Gut Microbiota in Gut-Brain Communication (2020) · cites this paper as [189]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Keenan, M. J., Zhou, J., Hegsted, M., Pelkman, C., Durham, H. A., Coulon, D. B., & Martin, R. J.
- Affiliations
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Stout (US)
- Ingredion (United States) (US)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Louisiana State University (US)
- United States Department of Agriculture (US)
- Corresponding author
- Keenan, Michael J
- Venue
- Advances in Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 198-205
- ISSN
- 2156-5376 (ISSN-L)
- 2161-8313
- PMC
- PMC4352178
- OpenAlex
- W2167525097
- Semantic Scholar
- df2931f1244729ea55b43f1db09c74b9a327e10f
- Cited by
- 243
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 6
- FWCI
- 2.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Advances in Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Civil War Book Review (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Louisiana State University
- Louisiana Clinical and Translational Science Center (U54GM104940, 1 U54 GM104940, GM104940)
- National Institutes of Health (GM104940)
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Agricultural Center, Louisiana State University (1 U54 GM104940)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM104940, U54GM104940)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R21DK073403, R21 DK-073403-01A1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Keywords
- resistant starch, gut health, adiposity, insulin resistance, short-chain fatty acids, gut microbiota, glucagon-like peptide-1, intestinal gluconeogenesis, adiponectin, dietary fiber, low glycemic index diet, isocaloric diet, abdominal fat, tumor cell apoptosis
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Diet, Dietary Fiber, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Fermentation, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Starch, Gastrointestinal Tract, Abdominal Fat, Adiposity, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Obesity, Abdominal
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