The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Ingestion of Wheat Protein Increases In Vivo Muscle Protein Synthesis Rates in Healthy Older Men in a Randomized Trial
Open accessAbstract
Background Muscle mass maintenance is largely regulated by basal muscle protein synthesis and the capacity to stimulate muscle protein synthesis after food intake. The postprandial muscle protein synthetic response is modulated by the amount, source, and type of protein consumed. It has been suggested that plant-based proteins are less potent in stimulating postprandial muscle protein synthesis than animal-derived proteins. However, few data support this contention.Objective We aimed to assess postprandial plasma amino acid concentrations and muscle protein synthesis rates after the ingestion of a substantial 35-g bolus of wheat protein hydrolysate compared with casein and whey protein.Methods Sixty healthy older men [mean ± SEM age: 71 ± 1 y; body mass index (in kg/m(2)): 25.3 ± 0.3] received a primed continuous infusion of l-[ring-(13)C6]-phenylalanine and ingested 35 g wheat protein (n = 12), 35 g wheat protein hydrolysate (WPH-35; n = 12), 35 g micellar casein (MCas-35; n = 12), 35 g whey protein (Whey-35; n = 12), or 60 g wheat protein hydrolysate (WPH-60; n = 12). Plasma and muscle samples were collected at regular intervals.Results The postprandial increase in plasma essential amino acid concentrations was greater after ingesting Whey-35 (2.23 ± 0.07 mM) than after MCas-35 (1.53 ± 0.08 mM) and WPH-35 (1.50 ± 0.04 mM) (P < 0.01). Myofibrillar protein synthesis rates increased after ingesting MCas-35 (P < 0.01) and were higher after ingesting MCas-35 (0.050% ± 0.005%/h) than after WPH-35 (0.032% ± 0.004%/h) (P = 0.03). The postprandial increase in plasma leucine concentrations was greater after ingesting Whey-35 than after WPH-60 (peak value: 580 ± 18 compared with 378 ± 10 μM, respectively; P < 0.01), despite similar leucine contents (4.4 g leucine). Nevertheless, the ingestion of WPH-60 increased myofibrillar protein synthesis rates above basal rates (0.049% ± 0.007%/h; P = 0.02).Conclusions The myofibrillar protein synthetic response to the ingestion of 35 g casein is greater than after an equal amount of wheat protein. Ingesting a larger amount of wheat protein (i.e., 60 g) substantially increases myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in healthy older men. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01952639.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Limited evidence using wheat protein in older men has suggested that wheat protein stimulates significantly lower levels of MPS when compared to an identical dose (35 g) of casein protein, but when this dose is increased nearly two fold (60 g) this protein source is able to significantly increase rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis [192].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise (2017) · cites this paper as [192]
In the citing paper
“Further, casein ingestion resulted in a greater increase in MPS compared with a protein-matched wheat protein hydrolysate in healthy older men, as wheat failed to significantly increase rates of MPS above postabsorptive levels [87].”
From Nutritional Considerations for the Vegan Athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [87]
In the citing paper
“ingestion of 35 g micellar casein by older men (non-exercising) versus 35 g wheat protein hydrolysate caused greater increases in MPS in the 4-h postingestion period [116].”
From Plant Proteins: Assessing Their Nutritional Quality and Effects on Health and Physical Function (2020) · cites this paper as [116]
In the citing paper
“However, upping the dose of wheat protein hydrolysate to 60 g resulted in rates of MPS that exceeded that of 35 g whey protein and were comparable to that of 35 g micellar casein.”
From Plant Proteins: Assessing Their Nutritional Quality and Effects on Health and Physical Function (2020) · cites this paper as [116]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Janssen, I., Heymsfield, S. B., & Ross, R. (2002) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50216.x · Cited by 3,139
Bauer, J., Biolo, G., Cederholm, T., Cesari, M., Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Morley, J. E., Phillips, S., Sieber, C., Stehle, P., Teta, D., et al. (2013) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2013.05.021 · Cited by 2,553
Houston, D. K., Nicklas, B. J., Ding, J., Harris, T. B., Tylavsky, F. A., Newman, A. B., Lee, J. S., Sahyoun, N. R., Visser, M., & Kritchevsky, S. B. (2008) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.1.150 · Cited by 1,214
Percutaneous Needle Biopsy of Skeletal Muscle in Physiological and Clinical Research
Bergström, J. P. (1975) · Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.3109/00365517509095787 · Cited by 1,173
Tang, J. E., Moore, D. R., Kujbida, G. W., Tarnopolsky, M. A., & Phillips, S. M. (2009) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00076.2009 · Cited by 998
Moore, D. R., Robinson, M. J., Fry, J. L., Tang, J. E., Glover, E. I., Wilkinson, S. B., Prior, T., Tarnopolsky, M. A., & Phillips, S. M. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26401 · Cited by 973
Gilani, G. S., Xiao, C. W., & Cockell, K. A. (2012) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114512002371 · Cited by 794
Pennings, B., Boirie, Y., Senden, J. M., Gijsen, A. P., Kuipers, H., & van Loon, L. J. (2011) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.110.008102 · Cited by 656
The Skeletal Muscle Anabolic Response to Plant- versus Animal-Based Protein Consumption
van Vliet, S., Burd, N. A., & van Loon, L. J. (2015) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.114.204305 · Cited by 651
Abumrad, N. N., Rabin, D. D., Diamond, M. P., & LACY, W. W. (1981) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(81)90074-3 · Cited by 569
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–222 of 222
Santini, M. H., Leitão, A. E., Mazzolani, B. C., Smaira, F. I., de Souza, M. A., Santamaria, A., Gualano, B., & Roschel, H. (2025) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2025.2568047 · Cited by 2
Boot, N., Hermans, W. J. H., Kuin, L. M. E., Malowany, J. M., Hendriks, F. K., Warnke, I., Senden, J. M., Overman, A., Goessens, J. P. B., Zorenc, A. H. G., et al. (2025) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.10.018
Cárcamo-Regla, R., Alcaide-Leyva, J. M., Zapata-Lamana, R., Martorell, M., Carrasco-Marín, F., & Molina‐Recio, G. (2025) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2025.113047
Fletcher, J., Griffith, D. J., Malhi, H., & Cooper, S. (2026) · Frontline Gastroenterology · doi:10.1136/flgastro-2025-103209
Sustaining Muscle, Cardiovascular Health, and the Environment: Is Plant-Based Protein the Key?
Cannito, T., Ivetac, A., Fiotti, N., Mearelli, F., Bella, S. D., Girolamo, F. G. D., & Biolo, G. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18091446 · Cited by 1
Thermal Modifications of Plant Proteins
Sonkar, C., & Sonkar, N. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-19821-1_4
Ubaid, M., & Saini, C. S. (2026) · Journal of Food Measurement & Characterization · doi:10.1007/s11694-026-04670-7
Rizzo, G., & Baroni, L. (2026) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781837678907-00401
Dietary Protein, DIAAS, Anabolism, and Cardiometabolic Health: A Review and Future Perspectives
Nielsen, R. D., Hodgkinson, S. M., Kruger, R., Montoya, C. A., & ROWLANDS, D. S. (2026) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuag101 · Cited by 1
Urwin, C. S., Tran, V., Tieland, M., Tan, S., Fyfe, J. J., Feros, S., Snipe, R. M. J., Allsopp, G. L., Bruce, C., Kowalski, G. M., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1918989
Ubaid, M., & Saini, C. S. (2026) · Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1016/j.ifset.2026.104734
Kuin, L. M. E., Hermans, W. J. H., Boot, N., Fuchs, C. J., Senden, J. M., Zorenc, A. H. G., Overman, A., van Kranenburg, J. M. X., Goessens, J. P. B., Verdijk, L. B., et al. (2026) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101789
Foscolou, A., Nikolopoulos, S., Kleftaki, S.-A., Gourni, I., Neroutsou, E., Nikolaou, G., Panoutsopoulos, G. I., Kaliora, A. C., & Gioxari, A. (2026) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.105027
Does protein source influence ageing muscle? A contemporary physiological perspective
Apicella, M. C. A., Korzepa, M., & Breen, L. (2026) · The Journal of Nutritional Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.jnphys.2026.100043
Physiological Adaptation to Plant-Based Diets: A Homeostatic Framework for Sustained Dietary Change
López‐Moreno, M., Nagra, M., Jiménez, M. D. C. F.-F., Gomez-Herrera, G. P., & Kahleová, H. (2026) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology15171520
Lekhak, B., Dutta, M., Singhal, N. K., Rama, P. G., Bansal, N., Goswami, S., Kumar, R. R., Tyagi, A., & Vinutha, T. (2026) · Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal · doi:10.12944/crnfsj.14.2.24
AVRAMENKO, A., Авдєєва, Л. Ю., Maletska, K. D., Turchyna, T., Макаренко, А. А., & Декуша, Г. В. (2026) · PH "Akademperiodyka" eBooks · doi:10.15407/akademperiodyka.593.154
Bénéfices et risques de la réduction des protéines animales après 65 ans
Lecerf, J.-M. (2026) · Pratiques en nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.pranut.2026.06.006
van Oppenraaij, S. L., Weijs, P. J. M., & Verlaan, S. (2026) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101533
Lim, C., Lees, M. J., Janssen, T., McKendry, J., Smith, C., Ho, M., Sutoski, A., Wu, Y., Greaves, E., da Costa, F. P., et al. (2026) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101895
Cheng, C., Zhang, J., Zhao, Y., Bai, J., He, Y., & Xiao, X. (2026) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d6fo03345h
Metadata
- Authors
- Gorissen, S. H., Horstman, A. M., Franssen, R., Crombag, J. J., Langer, H., Bierau, J., Respondek, F., & van Loon, L. J.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL)
- Venue
- The Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-09
- Volume
- 146
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1651-1659
- ISSN
- 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2495419802
- Cited by
- 221
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 8.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- muscle protein synthesis, older men, plant proteins, whey protein, casein, leucine, myofibrillar protein synthesis, muscle mass preservation, plasma amino acids, sarcopenia prevention
- MeSH terms
- Whey Proteins, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Amino Acids, Essential, Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Body Weight, Caseins, Diet, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Leucine, Male, Muscle Proteins, Myofibrils, Phenylalanine, Plant Proteins, Protein Hydrolysates, Protein Biosynthesis, Triticum, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Muscle, Skeletal, Postprandial Period
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
