CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 309Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsMitochondrial Function and PathologyDementia and Cognitive Impairment Research

Amyloid‐Beta Interaction with Mitochondria

Open access
Pagani, Lucia, Eckert, Anne·2011·International Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease
DOI 10.4061/2011/925050PMC PMC3065051
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of amyloid‐beta(A β)‐induced neuronal toxicity in Alzheimer′s disease (AD). The recent emphasis on the intracellular biology of A β and its precursor protein (A β PP) has led researchers to consider the possibility that mitochondria‐associated and/or intramitochondrial A β may directly cause neurotoxicity. In this paper, we will outline current knowledge of the intracellular localization of both A β and A β PP addressing the question of how A β can access mitochondria. Moreover, we summarize evidence from AD postmortem brain as well as cellular and animal AD models showing that A β triggers mitochondrial dysfunction through a number of pathways such as impairment of oxidative phosphorylation, elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, alteration of mitochondrial dynamics, and interaction with mitochondrial proteins. In particular, we focus on A β interaction with different mitochondrial targets including the outer mitochondrial membrane, intermembrane space, inner mitochondrial membrane, and the matrix. Thus, this paper establishes a modified model of the Alzheimer cascade mitochondrial hypothesis.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.4061/2011/925050

Cites

13 of 13 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Some data revealed interaction between Aβ isoforms and mitochondrial proteins, like Tom20, in different cells.

    “While some data revealed the interaction between Aβ isoforms and mitochondrial proteins, like Tom20, in different cells (49)”

    From Alzheimer's Disease–Associated Amyloid-β Precursor Protein Prevents Aging Stress–Induced Mitophagy and Fumarate Depletion to Improve Antitumor Immunity (2025) · cites this paper as [49]

    Section 3, “Intracellular Localization of Aβ” (page unavailable), reports that Aβ is taken up by mitochondria via the TOM complex, supporting the general connection to mitochondrial import machinery. But our copy does not identify Tom20 as an interacting protein or report this interaction for different Aβ isoforms in different cells. Section 2 instead describes AβPP, the precursor protein, associating with TOM40 and TIM23. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 116

  1. [1]Rhein V Song X Wiesner A Amyloid-β and tau synergistically impair the oxidative phosphorylation system in triple transgenic Alzheimer’s disease mice Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 106 47 20057 20062 19897719 PMC2774257
  2. [2]Eckert A Hauptmann S Scherping I Oligomeric and fibrillar species of β-amyloid (Aβ42) both impair mitochondrial function in P301L tau transgenic mice Journal of Molecular Medicine 2008 86 11 1255 1267 18709343
  3. [3]Hauptmann S Scherping I Dröse S Mitochondrial dysfunction: an early event in Alzheimer pathology accumulates with age in AD transgenic mice Neurobiology of Aging 2009 30 10 1574 1586 18295378
  4. [4]Lustbader JW Cirilli M Lin C ABAD directly links Abeta to mitochondrial toxicity in Alzheimer's disease Science 2004 304 448 452 15087549
  5. [5]Su B Wang X Nunomura A Oxidative stress signaling in Alzheimer’s disease Current Alzheimer Research 2008 5 6 525 532 19075578 PMC2780015
  6. [6]Wang X Su BO Siedlak SL Amyloid-β overproduction causes abnormal mitochondrial dynamics via differential modulation of mitochondrial fission/fusion proteins Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2008 105 49 19318 19323 19050078 PMC2614759
  7. [7]Moreira PI Santos MS Oliveira CR Alzheimer’s disease: a lesson from mitochondrial dysfunction Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 2007 9 10 1621 1630 17678440
  8. [8]Moreira PI Santos MS Oliveira CR Alzheimer disease and the role of free radicals in the pathogenesis of the disease CNS and Neurological Disorders—Drug Targets 2008 7 1 3 10 18289026
  9. [9]Müller WE Eckert A Kurz C Eckert GP Leuner K Mitochondrial dysfunction: common final pathway in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease—therapeutic aspects Molecular Neurobiology 2010 41 159 171 20461558
  10. [10]Leuner K Hauptmann S Abdel-Kader R Mitochondrial dysfunction: the first domino in brain aging and Alzheimer’s disease? Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 2007 9 10 1659 1675 17867931
  11. [11]Eckert A Schulz KL Rhein V Götz J Convergence of amyloid-beta and tau pathologies on mitochondria in vivo Molecular Neurobiology 2010 41 107 114 20217279 PMC2876263
  12. [12]Pavlov PF Wiehager B Sakai J Mitochondrial {gamma}-secretase participates in the metabolism of mitochondria-associated amyloid precursor protein The FASEB Journal 2011 25 78 88 20833873
  13. [14]Sambamurti K Refolo LM Shioi J Pappolla MA Robakis NK The Alzheimer’s amyloid precursor is cleaved intracellularly in the trans-golgi network or in a post-golgi compartment Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1992 674 118 128 1283818
  14. [15]Allinson TMJ Parkin ET Turner AJ Hooper NM ADAMs family members as amyloid precursor protein alpha-secretases Journal of Neuroscience Research 2003 74 3 342 352 14598310
  15. [16]Götz J Ittner LM Animal models of Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2008 9 7 532 544 18568014
  16. [17]Edbauer D Winkler E Regula JT Pesold B Steiner H Haass C Reconstitution of γ-secretase activity Nature Cell Biology 2003 5 5 486 488 12679784
  17. [18]Selkoe DJ Alzheimer’s disease is a synaptic failure Science 2002 298 5594 789 791 12399581
  18. [19]Haass C Hung AY Schlossmacher MG Teplow DB Selkoe DJ β-Amyloid peptide and a 3-kDa fragment are derived by distinct cellular mechanisms Journal of Biological Chemistry 1993 268 5 3021 3024 8428976
  19. [21]Ulery PG Beers J Mikhailenko I Modulation of β-amyloid precursor protein processing by the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP). Evidence that LRP contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease Journal of Biological Chemistry 2000 275 10 7410 7415 10702315
  20. [22]Cam JA Zerbinatti CV Li Y Bu G Rapid endocytosis of the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein modulates cell surface distribution and processing of the β-amyloid precursor protein Journal of Biological Chemistry 2005 280 15 15464 15470 15705569
  21. [23]Cam JA Zerbinatti CV Knisely JM Hecimovic S Li Y Bu G The low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B retains β-amyloid precursor protein at the cell surface and reduces amyloid-β peptide production Journal of Biological Chemistry 2004 279 28 29639 29646 15126508
  22. [24]Li Y Lu W Marzolo MP Bu G Differential functions of members of the low density lipoprotein receptor family suggested by their distinct endocytosis rates Journal of Biological Chemistry 2001 276 21 18000 18006 11279214
  23. [25]Andersen OM Reiche J Schmidt V Neuronal sorting protein-related receptor sorLA/LR11 regulates processing of the amyloid precursor protein Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2005 102 38 13461 13466 16174740 PMC1224625
  24. [26]Spoelgen R Von Arnim CAF Thomas AV Interaction of the cytosolic domains of sorLA/LR11 with the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and β-secretase β-site APP-cleaving enzyme Journal of Neuroscience 2006 26 2 418 428 16407538 PMC6674411
  25. [28]Manczak M Anekonda TS Henson E Park BS Quinn J Reddy PH Mitochondria are a direct site of Aβ accumulation in Alzheimer’s disease neurons: implications for free radical generation and oxidative damage in disease progression Human Molecular Genetics 2006 15 9 1437 1449 16551656
  26. [29]Takahashi RH Nam EE Edgar M Gouras GK Alzheimer β-amyloid peptides: normal and abnormal localization Histology and Histopathology 2002 17 1 239 246 11813874
  27. [31]Fernández-Vizarra P Fernández AP Castro-Blanco S Intra- and extracellular Aβ and PHF in clinically evaluated cases of Alzheimer’s disease Histology and Histopathology 2004 19 3 823 844 15168346
  28. [32]Fujiwara T Oda K Yokota S Takatsuki A Ikehara Y Brefeldin A causes disassembly of the Golgi complex and accumulation of secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum Journal of Biological Chemistry 1988 263 34 18545 18552 3192548
  29. [33]Glabe CG Kayed R Common structure and toxic function of amyloid oligomers implies a common mechanism of pathogenesis Neurology 2006 66 2 S74 S78 16432151
  30. [34]Reddy PH Beal MF Amyloid beta, mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic damage: implications for cognitive decline in aging and Alzheimer’s disease Trends in Molecular Medicine 2008 14 2 45 53 18218341 PMC3107703
  31. [35]Simmons MA Schneider CR Amyloid β peptides act directly on single neurons Neuroscience Letters 1993 150 2 133 136 7682310
  32. [36]Arispe N Rojas E Pollard HB Alzheimer disease amyloid β protein forms calcium channels in bilayer membranes: blockade by tromethamine and aluminum Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1993 90 2 567 571 8380642 PMC45704
  33. [37]Alikhani N Ankarcrona M Glaser E Mitochondria and Alzheimer’s disease: amyloid-β peptide uptake and degradation by the presequence protease, hPreP Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes 2009 41 5 447 451 19798557
  34. [38]Hansson Petersen CA Alikhani N Behbahani H The amyloid β-peptide is imported into mitochondria via the TOM import machinery and localized to mitochondrial cristae Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2008 105 35 13145 13150 18757748 PMC2527349
  35. [39]Mattson MP Magnus T Ageing and neuronal vulnerability Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2006 7 4 278 294 PMC3710114 16552414
  36. [40]Balaban RS Nemoto S Finkel T Mitochondria, oxidants, and aging Cell 2005 120 4 483 495 15734681
  37. [41]Benzi G Pastoris O Marzatico F Villa RF Dagani F Curti D The mitochondrial electron transfer alteration as a factor involved in the brain aging Neurobiology of Aging 1992 13 3 361 368 1320745
  38. [42]Reddy PH Mitochondrial dysfunction in aging and Alzheimer’s disease: strategies to protect neurons Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 2007 9 10 1647 1658 17696767
  39. [43]Moreira PI Duarte AI Santos MS Rego AC Oliveira CR An integrative view of the role of oxidative stress, mitochondria and insulin in Alzheimer’s disease Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 2009 16 4 741 761 19387110
  40. [44]Sirk D Zhu Z Wadia JS Chronic exposure to sub-lethal beta-amyloid (Aβ) inhibits the import of nuclear-encoded proteins to mitochondria in differentiated PC12 cells Journal of Neurochemistry 2007 103 5 1989 2003 17868329
  41. [45]Okamoto K Shaw JM Mitochondrial morphology and dynamics in yeast and multicellular eukaryotes Annual Review of Genetics 2005 39 503 536 16285870
  42. [48]Chen H McCaffery JM Chan DC Mitochondrial fusion protects against neurodegeneration in the cerebellum Cell 2007 130 3 548 562 17693261
  43. [49]Baloh RH Schmidt RE Pestronk A Milbrandt J Altered axonal mitochondrial transport in the pathogenesis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease from mitofusin 2 mutations Journal of Neuroscience 2007 27 2 422 430 17215403 PMC6672077
  44. [50]Hoppins S Lackner L Nunnari J The machines that divide and fuse mitochondria Annual Review of Biochemistry 2007 76 751 780 17362197
  45. [52]Su B Wang X Bonda D Perry G Smith M Zhu X Abnormal mitochondrial dynamics—a novel therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease? Molecular Neurobiology 2010 41 87 96 20101529 PMC3129743
  46. [53]Wang X Su BO Fujioka H Zhu X Dynamin-like protein 1 reduction underlies mitochondrial morphology and distribution abnormalities in fibroblasts from sporadic Alzheimer’s disease patients American Journal of Pathology 2008 173 2 470 482 18599615 PMC2475784
  47. [54]Cho DH Nakamura T Fang J S-nitrosylation of Drp1 mediates beta-amyloid-related mitochondrial fission and neuronal injury Science 2009 324 5923 102 105 19342591 PMC2823371
  48. [56]Schuessel K Schäfer S Bayer TA Impaired Cu/Zn-SOD activity contributes to increased oxidative damage in APP transgenic mice Neurobiology of Disease 2005 18 1 89 99 15649699
  49. [57]Keil U Bonert A Marques CA Amyloid β-induced changes in nitric oxide production and mitochondrial activity lead to apoptosis Journal of Biological Chemistry 2004 279 48 50310 50320 15371443
  50. [58]Gillardon F Rist W Kussmaul L Proteomic and functional alterations in brain mitochondria from Tg2576 mice occur before amyloid plaque deposition Proteomics 2007 7 4 605 616 17309106
  51. [59]Eckert A Hauptmann S Scherping I Soluble beta-amyloid leads to mitochondrial defects in amyloid precursor protein and tau transgenic mice Neurodegenerative Diseases 2008 5 3-4 157 159 18322377
  52. [60]Rhein V Baysang G Rao S Amyloid-beta leads to impaired cellular respiration, energy production and mitochondrial electron chain complex activities in human neuroblastoma cells Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 2009 29 6-7 1063 1071 19350381 PMC11506282
  53. [62]Yao J Irwin RW Zhao L Nilsen J Hamilton RT Brinton RD Mitochondrial bioenergetic deficit precedes Alzheimer’s pathology in female mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009 106 34 14670 14675 19667196 PMC2732886
  54. [63]Du H Guo L Fang F Cyclophilin D deficiency attenuates mitochondrial and neuronal perturbation and ameliorates learning and memory in Alzheimer’s disease Nature Medicine 2008 14 10 1097 1105 PMC2789841 18806802
  55. [64]Du H Guo L Zhang W Rydzewska M Yan S Cyclophilin D deficiency improves mitochondrial function and learning/memory in aging Alzheimer disease mouse model Neurobiology of Aging. In press PMC3304024 19362755
  56. [65]Halestrap AP McStay GP Clarke SJ The permeability transition pore complex: another view Biochimie 2002 84 2-3 153 166 12022946
  57. [66]Zamzami N Larochette N Kroemer G Mitochondrial permeability transition in apoptosis and necrosis Cell Death and Differentiation 2005 12 2 1478 1480 16247494
  58. [67]Crompton M Barksby E Johnson N Capano M Mitochondrial intermembrane junctional complexes and their involvement in cell death Biochimie 2002 84 2-3 143 152 12022945
  59. [68]Halestrap AP Calcium, mitochondria and reperfusion injury: a pore way to die Biochemical Society Transactions 2006 34 2 232 237 16545083
  60. [69]Bernardi P Krauskopf A Basso E The mitochondrial permeability transition from in vitro artifact to disease target FEBS Journal 2006 273 2077 2099 16649987
  61. [70]Kinnally KW Peixoto PM Ryu S-Y Dejean LM Is mPTP the gatekeeper for necrosis, apoptosis, or both? Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. In press PMC3050112 20888866
  62. [71]Liu X Kim CN Yang J Jemmerson R Wang X Induction of apoptotic program in cell-free extracts: requirement for dATP and cytochrome c Cell 1996 86 1 147 157 8689682
  63. [72]Zou H Henzel WJ Liu X Lutschg A Wang X Apaf-1, a human protein homologous to C. elegans CED-4, participates in cytochrome c-dependent activation of caspase-3 Cell 1997 90 3 405 413 9267021
  64. [73]Susin SA Lorenzo HK Zamzami N Mitochondrial release of caspase-2 and -9 during the apoptotic process Journal of Experimental Medicine 1999 189 2 381 393 9892620 PMC2192979
  65. [74]Adrain C Creagh EM Martin SJ Apoptosis-associated release of Smac/DIABLO from mitochondria requires active caspases and is blocked by Bcl-2 EMBO Journal 2001 20 23 6627 6636 11726499 PMC125329
  66. [75]Li LY Luo X Wang X Endonuclease G is an apoptotic DNase when released from mitochondria Nature 2001 412 6842 95 99 11452314
  67. [76]Eliseev RA Filippov G Velos J Role of cyclophilin D in the resistance of brain mitochondria to the permeability transition Neurobiology of Aging 2007 28 10 1532 1542 16876914
  68. [77]Hajnóczky G Hoek JB Cell signaling: mitochondrial longevity pathways Science 2007 315 5812 607 609 17272709
  69. [78]Perry EK Perry RH Tomlinson BE Coenzyme A-acetylating enzymes in Alzheimer’s disease: possible cholinergic ’compartment’ of pyruvate dehydrogenase Neuroscience Letters 1980 18 1 105 110 6133246
  70. [79]Sorbi S Bird ED Blass JP Decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity in Huntington and Alzheimer brain Annals of Neurology 1983 13 1 72 78 6219611
  71. [81]Gibson GE Sheu KFR Blass JP Reduced activities of thiamine-dependent enzymes in the brains and peripheral tissues of patients with Alzheimer’s disease Archives of Neurology 1988 45 8 836 840 3395256
  72. [82]Sheu KFR Cooper AJL Koike K Koike M Lindsay JG Blass JP Abnormality of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in fibroblasts from familial Alzheimer’s disease Annals of Neurology 1994 35 3 312 318 8122883
  73. [83]Mastrogiacoma F Lindsay JG Bettendorff L Rice J Kish SH Brain protein and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activity in Alzheimer’s disease Annals of Neurology 1996 39 592 598 8619544
  74. [84]Ko LW Sheu KFR Thaler HT Markesbery WR Blass JP Selective loss of KGDHC-enriched neurons in Alzheimer temporal cortex: does mitochondrial variation contribute to selective vulnerability? Journal of Molecular Neuroscience 2001 17 3 361 369 11859932
  75. [85]Gibson GE Starkov A Blass JP Ratan RR Beal MF Cause and consequence: mitochondrial dysfunction initiates and propagates neuronal dysfunction, neuronal death and behavioral abnormalities in age-associated neurodegenerative diseases Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2010 1802 1 122 134 19715758 PMC2790547
  76. [86]Casley CS Canevari L Land JM Clark JB Sharpe MA β-Amyloid inhibits integrated mitochondrial respiration and key enzyme activities Journal of Neurochemistry 2002 80 1 91 100 11796747
  77. [87]Yan SD Fu J Soto C An intracellular protein that binds amyloid-β peptide and mediates neurotoxicity in Alzheimer’s disease Nature 1997 389 6652 689 695 9338779
  78. [88]Wen GY Yang SY Kaczmarski W He XY Pappas KS Presence of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 in amyloid plaques (APs) of Hsiao’s APP-Sw transgenic mouse brains, but absence in APs of Alzheimer’s disease brains Brain Research 2002 954 1 115 122 12393239
  79. [89]He XY Wen GY Merz G Abundant type 10 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the hippocampus of mouse Alzheimer’s disease model Molecular Brain Research 2002 99 1 46 53 11869808
  80. [90]Aleardi AM Benard G Augereau O Gradual alteration of mitochondrial structure and function by β-amyloids: importance of membrane viscosity changes, energy deprivation, reactive oxygen species production, and cytochrome c release Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes 2005 37 4 207 225 16167177
  81. [91]Shoffner JM Brown MD Torroni A Mitochondrial DNA variants observed in Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease patients Genomics 1993 17 1 171 184 8104867
  82. [92]Brown MD Shoffher JM Kim YL Mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis of four Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease patients American Journal of Medical Genetics 1996 61 3 283 289 8741876
  83. [93]Hutchin T Cortopassi G A mitochondrial DNA clone is associated with increased risk for Alzheimer disease Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1995 92 15 6892 6895 7624338 PMC41436
  84. [94]Tysoe C Robinson D Brayne C The tRNAGln 4336 mitochondrial DNA variant is not a high penetrance mutation which predisposes to dementia before the age of 75 years Journal of Medical Genetics 1996 33 12 1002 1006 9004131 PMC1050810
  85. [95]Egensperger R Kösel S Schnopp NM Mehraein P Graeber MB Association of the mitochondrial tRNA(A4336G) mutation with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 1997 23 4 315 321 9292870
  86. [97]Sudoh S Frosch MP Wolf BA Differential effects of proteases involved in intracellular degradation of amyloid beta-protein between detergent-soluble and -insoluble pools in CHO-695 cells Biochemistry 2002 41 4 1091 1099 11802707
  87. [98]Ståhl A Moberg P Ytterberg J Isolation and identification of a novel mitochondrial metalloprotease (PreP) that degrades targeting presequences in plants Journal of Biological Chemistry 2002 277 44 41931 41939 12138166
  88. [99]Ståhl A Nilsson S Lundberg P Two novel targeting peptide degrading proteases, PrePs, in mitochondria and chloroplasts, so similar and still different Journal of Molecular Biology 2005 349 4 847 860 15893767
  89. [100]Moberg P Ståh A Bhushan S Characterization of a novel zinc metalloprotease involved in degrading targeting peptides in mitochondria and chloroplasts Plant Journal 2003 36 5 616 628 14617063
  90. [101]Taylor SW Fahy E Zhang B Characterization of the human heart mitochondrial proteome Nature Biotechnology 2003 21 3 281 286 12592411
  91. [102]Falkevall A Alikhani N Bhushan S Degradation of the amyloid beta-protein by the novel mitochondrial peptidasome Journal of Biological Chemistry 2006 281 39 29096 29104 16849325
  92. [104]Parker WD Parks JK Cytochrome c oxidase in Alzheimer’s disease brain: purification and characterization Neurology 1995 45 3 I 482 486 7898701
  93. [105]Cardoso SM Santana I Swerdlow RH Oliveira CR Mitochondria dysfunction of Alzheimer’s disease cybrids enhances Aβ toxicity Journal of Neurochemistry 2004 89 6 1417 1426 15189344
  94. [106]Kish SJ Bergeron C Rajput A Brain cytochrome oxidase in Alzheimer’s disease Journal of Neurochemistry 1992 59 2 776 779 1321237
  95. [107]Mark RJ Pang Z Geddes JW Uchida K Mattson MP Amyloid β-peptide impairs glucose transport in hippocampal and cortical neurons: involvement of membrane lipid peroxidation Journal of Neuroscience 1997 17 3 1046 1054 8994059 PMC6573165
  96. [108]Mattson MP Pathways towards and away from Alzheimer’s disease Nature 2004 430 7000 631 639 15295589 PMC3091392
  97. [109]Bubber P Haroutunian V Fisch G Blass JP Gibson GE Mitochondrial abnormalities in Alzheimer brain: mechanistic implications Annals of Neurology 2005 57 5 695 703 15852400
  98. [110]Yan SD Shi Y Zhu A Role of ERAB/L-3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase type II activity in Aβ-induced cytotoxicity Journal of Biological Chemistry 1999 274 4 2145 2156 9890977
  99. [111]Keil U Hauptmann S Bonert A Scherping I Eckert A Müller WE Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by disease relevant AbetaPP and tau protein mutations Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2006 9 2 139 146 16873961
  100. [113]Nunomura A Perry G Aliev G Oxidative damage is the earliest event in Alzheimer disease Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 2001 60 8 759 767 11487050
  101. [114]Reddy PH Beal MF Are mitochondria critical in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease? Brain Research Reviews 2005 49 3 618 632 16269322
  102. [115]Moreira PI Carvalho C Zhu X Smith MA Perry G Mitochondrial dysfunction is a trigger of Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2010 1802 1 2 10 19853658
  103. [116]Parker WD Cytochrome oxidase deficiency in Alzheimer’s disease Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1991 640 59 64 1663716
  104. [117]Maurer I Zierz S Möller HJ A selective defect of cytochrome c oxidase is present in brain of Alzheimer disease patients Neurobiology of Aging 2000 21 3 455 462 10858595
  105. [118]Russell RL Siedlak SL Raina AK Bautista JM Smith MA Perry G Increased neuronal glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and sulfhydryl levels indicate reductive compensation to oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 1999 370 2 236 239 10510282
  106. [119]Swerdlow RH Mitochondria in cybrids containing mtDNA from persons with mitochondriopathies Journal of Neuroscience Research 2007 85 15 3416 3428 17243174
  107. [120]Newman M Musgrave FI Lardelli M Alzheimer disease: amyloidogenesis, the presenilins and animal models Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2007 1772 3 285 297 17208417
  108. [121]Richartz E Noda S Schott K Günthner A Lewczuk P Bartels M Increased serum levels of CD95 in Alzheimer’s disease Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 2002 13 3 178 182 11893840
  109. [122]Zarkovic K 4-Hydroxynonenal and neurodegenerative diseases Molecular Aspects of Medicine 2003 24 4-5 293 303 12893007
  110. [123]Hirai K Aliev G Nunomura A Mitochondrial abnormalities in Alzheimer’s disease Journal of Neuroscience 2001 21 9 3017 3023 11312286 PMC6762571
  111. [124]Abdel-Kader R Hauptmann S Keil U Stabilization of mitochondrial function by Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) Pharmacological Research 2007 56 6 493 502 17977008
  112. [125]Eckert A Keil U Kressmann S Effects of EGb 761 Ginkgo biloba extract on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress Pharmacopsychiatry 2003 36 supplement 1 S15 S23 13130384
  113. [126]Eckert A Keil U Scherping I Hauptmann S Müller WE Stabilization of mitochondrial membrane potential and improvement of neuronal energy metabolism by Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2005 1056 474 485 16387710
  114. [127]Rhein V Giese M Baysang G Ginkgo biloba extract ameliorates oxidative phosphorylation performance and rescues Aβ-induced failure PLos One 2010 5 8 Article ID e12359. PMC2927422 20808761
  115. [128]Bastianetto S Ramassamy C Doré S Christen Y Poirier J Quirion R The ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) protects hippocampal neurons against cell death induced by β-amyloid European Journal of Neuroscience 2000 12 6 1882 1890 10886329
  116. [129]Yao Z Drieu K Papadopoulos V The Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 rescues the PC12 neuronal cells from beta-amyloid-induced cell death by inhibiting the formation of beta-amyloid-derived diffusible neurotoxic ligands Brain Research 2001 889 181 190 11166702

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Pagani, L., & Eckert, A.
Affiliations
University of Basel (CH)
Corresponding author
Eckert, Anne
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2011-01
Volume
2011
Issue
1
Pages
925050-925050
ISSN
  • 2090-0252 (ISSN-L)
  • 2090-8024
DOI
10.4061/2011/925050
PMC
PMC3065051
OpenAlex
W2035594496
Cited by
309
References
13
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 28
FWCI
17.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal of Alzheimer s Disease (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Keywords
amyloid-beta, mitochondria, mitochondrial dysfunction, Alzheimer's disease, amyloid precursor protein, neurotoxicity, oxidative phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial membrane, mitochondrial matrix

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review