Cited by 70Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

An Unbalanced Synaptic Transmission: Cause or Consequence of the Amyloid Oligomers Neurotoxicity?

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Sciaccaluga, Miriam, Megaro, Alfredo, Bellomo, Giovanni, Ruffolo, Gabriele, Romoli, Michele, Palma, Eleonora, Costa, Cinzia·2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Abstract

Amyloid-β (Aβ) 1-40 and 1-42 peptides are key mediators of synaptic and cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Whereas in AD, Aβ is found to act as a pro-epileptogenic factor even before plaque formation, amyloid pathology has been detected among patients with epilepsy with increased risk of developing AD. Among Aβ aggregated species, soluble oligomers are suggested to be responsible for most of Aβ’s toxic effects. Aβ oligomers exert extracellular and intracellular toxicity through different mechanisms, including interaction with membrane receptors and the formation of ion-permeable channels in cellular membranes. These damages, linked to an unbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, often result in neuronal hyperexcitability and neural circuit dysfunction, which in turn increase Aβ deposition and facilitate neurodegeneration, resulting in an Aβ-driven vicious loop. In this review, we summarize the most representative literature on the effects that oligomeric Aβ induces on synaptic dysfunction and network disorganization.

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Authors
Sciaccaluga, M., Megaro, A., Bellomo, G., Ruffolo, G., Romoli, M., Palma, E., & Costa, C.
Affiliations
  • University of Perugia (IT)
  • Istituto Pasteur (IT)
  • Ospedale Infermi di Rimini (IT)
Corresponding author
  • Sciaccaluga, Miriam
  • Costa, Cinzia
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-06-01
Volume
22
Issue
11
Pages
5991
ISSN
1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3173119616
Cited by
70
References
227
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4
FWCI
1.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords
amyloid-beta oligomers, Alzheimer's disease, synaptic dysfunction, excitatory-inhibitory imbalance, neuronal hyperexcitability, epilepsy, ion channels, cell surface receptors, neurotoxicity, neurodegeneration, Aβ40, amyloid-beta 42
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Humans, Synaptic Transmission, Peptide Fragments, Synapses, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Protein Multimerization, Amyloidogenic Proteins

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