Cited by 32Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsDementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Alzheimer Disease: Recent Updates on Apolipoprotein E and Gut Microbiome Mediation of Oxidative Stress, and Prospective Interventional Agents

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Botchway, Benson OA, Okoye, Favour C, Chen, Yili, Arthur, William E, Fang, Marong·2022·Aging and disease

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a current public health challenge and will remain until the development of an effective intervention. However, developing an effective treatment for the disease requires a thorough understanding of its etiology, which is currently lacking. Although several studies have shown the association between oxidative damage and AD, only a few have clarified the specific mechanisms involved. Herein, we reviewed recent preclinical and clinical studies that indicated the significance of oxidative damage in AD, as well as potential antioxidants. Although several factors regulate oxidative stress in AD, we centered our investigation on apolipoprotein E and the gut microbiome. Apolipoprotein E, particularly apolipoprotein E-ε4, can impair the structural facets of the mitochondria. This, in turn, can minimize the mitochondrial functionality and result in the progressive build-up of free radicals, eventually leading to oxidative stress. Similarly, the gut microbiome can influence oxidative stress to a significant degree via its metabolite, trimethylamine N-oxide. Given the various roles of these two factors in modulating oxidative stress, we also discuss the possible relationship between them and provide future research directions.

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  1. [42]Feingold KR (2021). Introduction to Lipids and Lipoproteins. In Feingold KR (Eds.) et al., Endotext. MDText.com, Inc.

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Authors
Botchway, B. O., Okoye, F. C., Chen, Y., Arthur, W. E., & Fang, M.
Affiliations
  • Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University (CN)
  • Zhejiang University (CN)
Corresponding author
  • Chen, Yili
  • Fang, Marong
Venue
Aging and disease
Published
2022
Volume
13
Issue
1
Pages
87
ISSN
2152-5250 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4206991233
Cited by
32
References
137
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 1
FWCI
0.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Aging and Disease (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81871063)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, apolipoprotein E, APOE ε4, gut microbiota, oxidative stress, trimethylamine N-oxide, mitochondrial dysfunction, free radicals, antioxidants, neuroprotection, etiology

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