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Energy Beverages: Content and Safety
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Caffeinated energy drinks a growing problem
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Tolerance to the humoral and hemodynamic effects of caffeine in man.
Robertson, D., Wade, D., Workman, R., Woosley, R. L., & Oates, J. A. (1981) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci110124 · Cited by 501 · cited 2×
“The human body develops a tolerance to caffeine quickly, usually 3 to 5 days after regular use, and when this happens, it noticeably weakens the already limited diuretic effect of caffeine.(26,27) Moreover, the human kidneys are masters at ensuring that proper homeostatic conditions are maintained.”
BackgroundResultThe absolute bioavailability of caffeine in man
Blanchard, J., & Sawers, S. J. A. (1983) · European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00613933 · Cited by 378
Effect of Caffeine on Sport-Specific Endurance Performance: A Systematic Review
Ganio, M. S., Klau, J. F., Casa, D. J., Armstrong, L. E., & Maresh, C. M. (2009) · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e31818b979a · Cited by 310 · cited 3×
“Caffeine has been shown to be an effective ergogenic aid for endurance athletes when ingested before and/or during exercise in moderate quantities (3-6 mg/kg of body mass); abstaining from caffeine for at least 7 days before use will optimize the effect.(16) Of note, caffeine appears on the list of substances banned b…”
BackgroundHowarth, K. R., Moreau, N. A., Phillips, S. M., & Gibala, M. J. (2009) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.90333.2008 · Cited by 218
Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform
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Improved Cycling Time-Trial Performance after Ingestion of a Caffeine Energy Drink
Ivy, J. L., Kammer, L., Ding, Z., Wang, B., Bernard, J. R., Liao, Y.-H., & Hwang, J. (2009) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.19.1.61 · Cited by 165 · cited 2×
“Thus, this study shows that the original Red Bull increases cardiac contractility.56 A double-blind study of 68 healthy college-aged students showed that Red Bull reduced the changes in blood pressure during a stressful experience (cold pressor test) and increased participants’ pain threshold.57 In a study of the effe…”
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Cited by
The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review
Temple, J. L., Bernard, C., Lipshultz, S. E., Czachor, J. D., Westphal, J. A., & Mestre, M. A. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00080 · Cited by 557
Review of Published Cases of Adverse Cardiovascular Events after Ingestion of Energy Drinks
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“9 oz) of an ED is typically about 54 g (13).”
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“Data on glucuronolactone and B-vitamins are limited but they are typically regarded as safe.(37) Although the preponderance of data suggest these ingredients may be safe individually, their use in combination requires evaluation.”
BackgroundCaffeine reduces myocardial blood flow during exercise
Higgins, J. P., & Babu, K. M. (2013) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.12.023 · Cited by 85
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Impact of Acute Energy Drink Consumption on Blood Pressure Parameters: A Meta-analysis
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Shah, S. A., Occiano, A., Nguyen, T. A., Chan, A., Sky, J. C., Bhattacharyya, M., O'Dell, K. M., Shek, A., & Nguyen, N. N. (2016) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.05.007 · Cited by 51
Jackson, D. A. E., Cotter, B. V., Merchant, R. C., Babu, K. M., Baird, J. R., Nirenberg, T., & Linakis, J. G. (2013) · Clinical Toxicology · doi:10.3109/15563650.2013.820311 · Cited by 51
Cardiovascular and Autonomic Responses to Energy Drinks-Clinical Implications
Somers, K. R., & Svatikova, A. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9020431 · Cited by 45
“They typically contain between 70 to 200 mg of caffeine per 16 fl oz [7].”
BackgroundAcute effects of energy drinks in medical students
García, A., Romero, C., Arroyave, C., Giraldo, F., Sánchez, L., & Sánchez, J. (2017) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-016-1246-5 · Cited by 45
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Caliskan, S. G., Kilic, M. A., & Bilgin, M. D. (2021) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.01.011 · Cited by 15
Porto, A. A., Gonzaga, L. A., Benjamim, C. J. R., Bueno, C. R., Garner, D. M., Vanderlei, L. C. M., Ferreira, C., & Valenti, V. E. (2022) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.36660/abc.20210625 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Higgins, J. P., Tuttle, T. D., & Higgins, C. L.
- Venue
- Mayo Clinic Proceedings
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-11
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1033-1041
- ISSN
- 0025-6196 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2065184522
- Cited by
- 402
- References
- 14
- FWCI
- 11.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
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