Cognitive Processing Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Delivered to Rural Veterans via Telemental Health: A Randomized Noninferiority Clinical Trial
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical and process outcomes of cognitive processing therapy-cognitive only version (CPT-C) delivered via videoteleconferencing (VTC) to in-person in a rural, ethnically diverse sample of veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHOD: A randomized clinical trial with a noninferiority design was used to determine if providing CPT-C via VTC is effective and "as good as" in-person delivery. The study took place between March 2009 and June 2013. PTSD was diagnosed per DSM-IV. Participants received 12 sessions of CPT-C via VTC (n = 61) or in-person (n = 64). Assessments were administered at baseline, midtreatment, immediately posttreatment, and 3 and 6 months posttreatment. The primary clinical outcome was posttreatment PTSD severity, as measured by the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. RESULTS: Clinical and process outcomes found VTC to be noninferior to in-person treatment. Significant reductions in PTSD symptoms were identified at posttreatment (Cohen d = 0.78, P < .05) and maintained at 3- and 6-month follow-up (d = 0.73, P < .05 and d = 0.76, P < .05, respectively). High levels of therapeutic alliance, treatment compliance, and satisfaction and moderate levels of treatment expectancies were reported, with no differences between groups (for all comparisons, F < 1.9, P > .17). CONCLUSIONS: Providing CPT-C to rural residents with PTSD via VTC produced outcomes that were "as good as" in-person treatment. All participants demonstrated significant reductions in PTSD symptoms posttreatment and at follow-up. Results indicate that VTC can offer increased access to specialty mental health care for residents of rural or remote areas. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00879255.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A handful of studies have documented the non-inferiority of VCP when compared to gold-standard treatments.
“Moreover, a handful of studies have documented the non-inferiority of VCP when compared to gold-standard treatments [34,35,36,37,38].”
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Psychotherapy for Military-Related PTSD: A Review of Randomized Clinical Trials
Steenkamp, M. M., Litz, B. T., Hoge, C. W., & Marmar, C. R. (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2015.8370 · Cited by 958 · see citing works
Review of key telepsychiatry outcomes
Hubley, S., Lynch, S. B., Schneck, C., Thomas, M., & Shore, J. (2016) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v6.i2.269 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Orlando, J. F., Beard, M., & Kumar, S. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0221848 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Norwood, C., Moghaddam, N. G., Malins, S., & Sabin‐Farrell, R. (2018) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2315 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Resick, P., Wachen, J. S., Dondanville, K., Pruiksma, K., Yarvis, J. S., Peterson, A., Mintz, J., Borah, E. V., Brundige, A., Hembree, E., et al. (2017) · JAMA psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.2729 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Self-citationVarker, T., Brand, R. M., Ward, J., Terhaag, S., & Phelps, A. (2019) · Psychological Services · doi:10.1037/ser0000239 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
“Notably, these five RCTs were all conducted in the United States with veteran populations (Acierno et al., 2016; Egede et al., 2015; Fortney et al., 2015; Morland et al., 2014; Yuen et al., 2015).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialResick, P. A., Wachen, J. S., Mintz, J., Young‐McCaughan, S., Roache, J. D., Borah, A. M., Borah, E. V., Dondanville, K. A., Hembree, E. A., Litz, B. T., et al. (2015) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000016 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
“Recently, group CPT-C was found to be efficacious in an equivalence trial comparing in-person and telehealth treatment among veterans (Morland et al., 2014).”
Self-citationAddressing the mental health impact of COVID-19 through population health
Boden, M., Zimmerman, L., Azevedo, K. J., Ruzek, J. I., Gala, S., Abdel Magid, H. S., Cohen, N., Walser, R., Mahtani, N. D., Hoggatt, K. J., et al. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102006 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Evidence for telehealth group-based treatment: a systematic review
Gentry, M. T., Lapid, M. I., Clark, M. M., & Rummans, T. A. (2019) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x18775855 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Telepsychiatry integration of mental health services into rural primary care settings
Fortney, J. C., Pyne, J. M., Turner, E. E., Farris, K., Normoyle, T. M., Avery, M., Hilty, D. M., & Unützer, J. (2015) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/09540261.2015.1085838 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
“…high bandwidth interactive video are clinically equivalent to treatments delivered face-to-face (Bouchard et al., 2004; Cowain, 2001; Deitsch et al., 2000; Frueh et al., 2007; Hilty et al., 2013; Kaplan, 1997; Manchanda & McLaren, 1998; Morland et al., 2004, 2010, 2014; Ruskin et al., 1998, 2004).”
BackgroundBeidel, D. C., Frueh, B. C., Neer, S. M., Bowers, C. A., Trachik, B., Uhde, T. W., & Grubaugh, A. (2019) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.08.005 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
“To our knowledge there are only six prospective RCTs that utilized exposure therapy (without VR) to treat US service members with combat-related PTSD (Monson et al., 2006; Morland et al., 2014; Rauch et al., 2015; Resick et al., 2015; Yehuda et al., 2014; Yuen et al., 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAcierno, R. E., Knapp, R. G., Tuerk, P. W., Gilmore, A. K., Lejuez, C. W., Ruggiero, K. J., Muzzy, W. A., Egede, L. E., Hernandez‐Tejada, M. A., & Foa, E. B. (2016) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.11.009 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
“…non-inferiority of HBT delivered therapies relative to in- person treatment (Acierno et al., 2016; Bolton & Dorstyn, 2015; Maieritsch et al., 2016;Morland et al., 2014), and support the notion that this medium is tenable for delivering evidence based treatments for complex conditions such as…”
Batastini, A. B., Paprzycki, P., Jones, A. C. T., & MacLean, N. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101944 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Morland, L. A., Mackintosh, M.-A., Rosen, C. S., Willis, E., Resick, P., Chard, K., & Frueh, B. C. (2015) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22397 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
“Literature suggests that many women veterans with PTSD often have experienced a combination of childhood abuse, sexual assault, and/or combat traumas;[40] however, civilian and veteran women did not differ in the range of exposure to traumatic events or characteristics of the “worst” events that were the focus of CPT.…”
ResultInfluentialSelf-citationFernandez, E., Woldgabreal, Y., Day, A., Pham, T., Gleich, B., & Aboujaoude, E. (2021) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2594 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Turgoose, D., Ashwick, R., & Murphy, D. (2018) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x17730443 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
“Commonly reported technical difficulties included low image resolution on videoconferencing technology, not being able to connect, and slight audio delays.(28,33,35,39,40) Thorp et al.”
BackgroundResultRamos, G., & Chavira, D. A. (2022) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2019.10.004 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Waller, G., Pugh, M., Mulkens, S., Moore, E., Mountford, V. A., Carter, J., Wicksteed, A., Maharaj, A., Wade, T. D., Wisniewski, L., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23289 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
“It has also been demonstrated that its effects can be equivalent to those of face-to-face therapy in specific areas of mental health, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (Acierno et al., 2016, 2017; Morland et al., 2014, 2015; Yuen et al., 2015).”
BackgroundRosen, C. S., Matthieu, M. M., Stirman, S. W., Cook, J. M., Landes, S. J., Bernardy, N. C., Chard, K. M., Crowley, J. J., Eftekhari, A., Finley, E. P., et al. (2016) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-016-0755-0 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
“In an effort to reduce travel barriers, VHA has been rapidly expanding use of video-teleconferencing to deliver CPT and PE (Fortney et al. 2015; Godleski et al. 2012; Morland et al. 2014; Yuen et al. 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-citationBarnett, P., Goulding, L., Casetta, C., Jordan, H., Sheridan-Rains, L., Steare, T., Williams, J., Wood, L., Gaughran, F., & Johnson, S. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/26492 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Lewis-Schroeder, N. F., Kieran, K., Murphy, B. L., Wolff, J. D., Robinson, M. A., & Kaufman, M. L. (2018) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000176 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
A Systematic Review of Videoconference‐Delivered Psychological Treatment for Anxiety Disorders
Rees, C. S., & Maclaine, E. (2015) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1111/ap.12122 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Rosen, C. S., Morland, L. A., Glassman, L. H., Marx, B. P., Weaver, K. R., Smith, C. A., Pollack, S. J., & Schnurr, P. P. (2020) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000751 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
“…be noninferior to (as effective as) office-based in-person psychotherapy in seven trials involving veterans with PTSD (Acierno et al., 2016, 2017; Morland et al., 2010, 2014, 2015, 2020) and older adults with depression (Egede et al., 2015), but not in an eighth trial with veterans with PTSD…”
BackgroundSelf-citationVideoconferencing in psychiatry, a meta-analysis of assessment and treatment
Drago, A., Winding, T. N., & Antypa, N. (2016) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.03.007 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
“Reference SDM/ Log R2 CI Total, n Diagnosis Tests Maieritsch et al., 2015 [49] 0.28 0.27; 0.84 51 PTSD PCL, B allian O’Reilly et al., 2007 [50] 0.39 0.63; 0.16 286 Multiple diagnoses BSI, G De Las Cuevas et al., 2006 [51] 0.06 0.27; –0.40 140 Multiple diagnoses CGI, G Morland et al., 2010 [52] 0.11 1.13; 0.29 92 PTSD…”
InfluentialBeidel, D. C., Frueh, B. C., Neer, S. M., & Lejuez, C. W. (2017) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.05.001 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
“Among randomized controlled trials for OIF/OEF veterans with combat-related PTSD (Monson et al., 2006; Morland et al., 2014; Rauch et al., 2015; Reger et al., 2016; Resick et al., 2015, 2017; Yehuda et al., 2014; Yuen et al., 2015), significant reductions in symptoms occur but with few exceptions (Reger et al.”
BackgroundSelf-citationTelepsychotherapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Impact on the working alliance.
Watts, S., Marchand, A., Bouchard, S., Gosselin, P., Langlois, F., Belleville, G., & Dugas, M. J. (2020) · Journal of Psychotherapy Integration · doi:10.1037/int0000223 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Maieritsch, K. P., Smith, T. L., Hessinger, J. D., Ahearn, E. P., Eickhoff, J. C., & Zhao, Q. (2015) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x15596109 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Morland, L. A., Mackintosh, M., Glassman, L. H., Wells, S. Y., Thorp, S. R., Rauch, S. A. M., Cunningham, P. B., Tuerk, P. W., Grubbs, K. M., Golshan, S., et al. (2019) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22979 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
“OBT is noninferior (i.e., equivalent) to face‐to‐face care for the delivery of PTSD EBTs (e.g., Morland et al., 2014; Morland et al., 2015).”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationChan, S. R., Parish, M. B., & Yellowlees, P. (2015) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-015-0630-9 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Morland, L. A., Wells, S. Y., Glassman, L. H., Greene, C. J., Hoffman, J. E., & Rosen, C. S. (2020) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-020-00215-x · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationBryan, C. J., Clemans, T. A., Hernandez, A. M., Mintz, J., Peterson, A. L., Yarvis, J. S., & Resick, P. A. (2015) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22456 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Development of a Brief Version of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI-9)
Wells, S. Y., Morland, L. A., Torres, E. M., Kloezeman, K., Mackintosh, M., & Aarons, G. A. (2019) · Assessment (Odessa, Fla.) · doi:10.1177/1073191116685401 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“Morland et al. (2014) compared cognitive processing therapy–cognitive version only (CPTC; Resick, Monson, & Chard, 2007) delivered via VTC to in-person CPT-C in a sample of male combat veterans.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationEdwards‐Stewart, A., Smolenski, D. J., Bush, N. E., Cyr, B., Beech, E. H., Skopp, N. A., & Belsher, B. E. (2021) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22653 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Moring, J., Dondanville, K., Fina, B. A., Hassija, C. M., Chard, K., Monson, C., LoSavio, S. T., Wells, S. Y., Morland, L. A., Kaysen, D., et al. (2020) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22544 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“…clinical trials (RCTs), and noninferiority trials conducted in various trauma populations have shown that CPT significantly reduces PTSD symptoms when delivered through telehealth and is noninferior to in-person therapy (Hassija & Gray, 2011; Maieritsch et al., 2016; Morland et al., 2014, 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-citationHoward, R. A., Berry, K., & Haddock, G. (2021) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2642 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Galovski, T. E., Wachen, J. S., Chard, K. M., Monson, C. M., & Resick, P. A. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07109-1_10 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationRalston, A. L., Andrews, A. R., & Hope, D. A. (2019) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12277 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“Investigations have also demonstrated the effectiveness of telemental health with underserved populations such as rural (Morland et al., 2014), Latinx (Chong & Moreno, 2012), Native American (Weiner, Rossetti, & Harrah, 2011), and Asian populations (Ye et al., 2012).”
BackgroundTelepsychotherapy and the Therapeutic Relationship: Principles, Advantages, and Case Examples
Kocsis, B. J., & Yellowlees, P. (2017) · Telemedicine Journal and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2017.0088 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Liu, L., Thorp, S. R., Moreno, L., Wells, S. Y., Glassman, L. H., Busch, A. C., Zamora, T., Rodgers, C. S., Allard, C. B., Morland, L. A., et al. (2020) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x19853947 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“Morland et al.(9) examined the delivery of group CPT via VC and IP among a sample of male veterans and found that clinician-rated PTSD symptom improvements in the VC condition were noninferior to the IP condition at post-treatment and through six-month follow-up.”
ResultSelf-citationKline, A. C., Cooper, A. A., Rytwinski, N. K., & Feeny, N. C. (2020) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2020.04.015 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Grös, D. F., Lancaster, C. L., López, C. M., & Acierno, R. E. (2016) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x16671096 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“For example, large-scale noninferiority studies demonstrate no differences between EBPs for PTSD.(10,12) These studies included large sample sizes and rigorous procedural control.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialResick, P. A., Wachen, J. S., Dondanville, K. A., LoSavio, S. T., Young‐McCaughan, S., Yarvis, J. S., Pruiksma, K. E., Blankenship, A. E., Jacoby, V. M., Peterson, A. L., et al. (2021) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.103846 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationSchnyder, U., & Cloître, M. (2015) · Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Charney, M. E., Hellberg, S. N., Bui, É., & Simon, N. M. (2018) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000186 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Tuerk, P. W., Keller, S. M., & Acierno, R. E. (2018) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20180027 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Distance-delivered interventions for PTSD: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Olthuis, J. V., Wozney, L., Asmundson, G. J. G., Cramm, H., Lingley-Pottie, P., & McGrath, P. J. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.09.010 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Murphy, D., & Smith, K. V. (2018) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22333 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“…of PTSD treatment programs for veterans from a range of different countries (Chard, Schumm, Owens, & Cottingham, 2010; Currier, Holland, Drescher, & Elhai, 2014; Forbes, Lewis, Parslow, Hawthorne, & Creamer, 2008; Morland et al., 2014; Murphy, Spencer-Harper et al., 2016; Richardson et al., 2014).”
BackgroundJones, C., Miguel-Cruz, A., Smith-MacDonald, L., Cruikshank, E., Baghoori, D., Kaur Chohan, A., Laidlaw, A., White, A., Cao, B., Agyapong, V., et al. (2020) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/22079 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“There is level 1a evidence that cognitive processing therapy delivered via videoconferencing significantly reduces PTSD symptoms in veterans with PTSD Cognitive processing therapy • Wierwille et al, 2016 [53] • Wells et al, 2019 [56] • Morland et al, 2015 [63] • Morland et al, 2014 [64] • Morland et al, 2011 [66] • Ma…”
BackgroundRasmusson, A. M., & Pineles, S. L. (2018) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-018-0908-9 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Telepsychotherapy during a pandemic: A traumatic stress perspective.
Rosen, C. S., Glassman, L. H., & Morland, L. A. (2020) · Journal of Psychotherapy Integration · doi:10.1037/int0000221 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationKearney, D. J., Malte, C. A., Storms, M., & Simpson, T. L. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.6604 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Moreau, J. L., Cordasco, K. M., Young, A. S., Oishi, S., Rose, D. E., Canelo, I. A., Yano, E. M., Haskell, S. G., & Hamilton, A. B. (2018) · Women s Health Issues · doi:10.1016/j.whi.2017.12.005 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“…(PTSD; Backhaus et al., 2012; Frueh et al., 2007; Gros, Yoder, Tuerk, Lozano, & Acierno, 2011; Morland, Hynes, Mackintosh, Resick, & Chard, 2011; Morland et al., 2014; Tuerk, Yoder, Ruggiero, Gros, & Acierno, 2010; Ziemba et al., 2014), substance abuse (Benavides-Vaello et al., 2013; Hilty et…”
BackgroundHome-based clinical video teleconferencing care: Clinical considerations and future directions
Morland, L. A., Poizner, J. M., Williams, K. E., Masino, T. T., & Thorp, S. R. (2015) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/09540261.2015.1082986 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“, 2007), relative to CPT delivered in person (Morland et al., 2014).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMobile mental health interventions following war and disaster
Ruzek, J. I., Kuhn, E. R., Jaworski, B. K., Owen, J. E., & Ramsey, K. M. (2016) · mHealth · doi:10.21037/mhealth.2016.08.06 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“war veterans show that treatment of PTSD and other trauma-related problems delivered via VC produces good treatment outcomes (37-47).”
BackgroundKrzystanek, M., Borkowski, M., Skałacka, K., & Krysta, K. (2018) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.08.016 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Mazziotti, R. M., & Rutigliano, G. (2021) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/26187 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“In 16 studies [33,34,38,41-48,50-53,60] tele–mental health sessions were held in rooms fully equipped with high-definition video-based teleconferencing units and broadband internet access.”
BackgroundTelehealth and eHealth interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder
Morland, L. A., Greene, C. J., Rosen, C. S., Kuhn, E. R., Hoffman, J. E., & Sloan, D. M. (2016) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.12.003 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationZandieh, S., Abdollahzadeh, S. M., Sadeghirad, B., Wang, L., McCabe, R. E., Yao, L., Inness, B. E., Pathak, A., Couban, R., Crandon, H. N., et al. (2024) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.230274 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Castro, C. A. (2014) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v5.24713 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Thus, several major clinical trials were commissioned to assess the effectiveness of PE and CPT alone or in combination with drugs approved for treating PTSD in combat veterans suffering from PTSD who were still serving on active duty.”
BackgroundInfluentialPuspitasari, A. J., Heredia, D., Gentry, M., Sawchuk, C., Theobald, B., Moore, W., Tiede, M., Galardy, C., & Schak, K. (2021) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2021.05.002 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Accumulating research prior to this pandemic indicates that teletherapy is comparable to in-person therapy in terms of its effectiveness for patients with diverse backgrounds and presenting problems (Backhaus et al., 2012; Barak et al., 2008; Bolton & Dorstyn, 2015; Morland et al., 2015; Rosen et al., 2014; Turgoose e…”
Peterson, A. L., Mintz, J., Moring, J. C., Straud, C. L., Young-McCaughan, S., McGeary, C. A., McGeary, D. D., Litz, B. T., Velligan, D. I., Macdonald, A., et al. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03699-4 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“One approach to address barriers is to deliver treatment in the patient’s home rather than in a therapist’s office [4, 5].”
BackgroundSelf-citationBryan, C. J., Bryan, A. O., Khazem, L. R., Aase, D. M., Moreno, J. L., Ammendola, E., Bauder, C. R., Hiser, J., Daruwala, S. E., & Baker, J. C. (2023) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102824 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Melton, H., Meader, N., Dale, H. E., Wright, K. E., Jones-Diette, J. S., Temple, M., Shah, I., Lovell, K., McMillan, D., Churchill, R. C., et al. (2020) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta24430 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Bellanti, D. M., Kelber, M. S., Workman, D. E., Beech, E. H., & Belsher, B. E. (2021) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usab318 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Milosevic, I., Cameron, D. H., Milanovic, M., McCabe, R. E., & Rowa, K. (2022) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/07067437211027319 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“The few studies that have more specifically evaluated videoconference group CBT have primarily focused on PTSD, with results demonstrating outcomes similar to face-to-face CBT groups.(30,43-45) Surprisingly, there is little research on videoconference CBT groups for anxiety disorders, the most prevalent psychiatric di…”
BackgroundFully remote intensive trauma-focused treatment for PTSD and Complex PTSD
Bongaerts, H., Voorendonk, E. M., van Minnen, A., Rozendaal, L., Telkamp, B. S. D., & de Jongh, A. (2022) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2022.2103287 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“The present results are in accordance with other studies showing that remotely administered psychotherapy is a useful, e ff ective and an e ffi cient treat-ment alternative (Acierno et al., 2016, 2017; Germain et al., 2009; Morland et al., 2014, 2020; Tuerk et al., 2010; Turgoose et al., 2018).”
BackgroundResultState of the Science of Cognitive Processing Therapy
Resick, P. A., LoSavio, S. T., Monson, C. M., Kaysen, D. L., Wachen, J. S., Galovski, T. E., Stirman, S. W., Nixon, R. D. V., & Chard, K. M. (2024) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2024.04.003 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“…samples, veterans, and service members (e.g., Dondanville et al., 2022; Monson et al., 2006; Resick et al., 2017) in outpatient and residential settings (e.g., Walter et al., 2014); and when delivered in-person, in-home, and via telehealth (e.g., Morland et al., 2014; Peterson et al., 2022).”
Self-citationSchriger, S. H., Klein, M. R., Last, B., Fernandez-Marcote, S., Dallard, N., Jones, B., & Beidas, R. (2021) · JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting · doi:10.2196/29250 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Tele-yoga for Chronic Pain: Current Status and Future Directions
Mathersul, D. C., Mahoney, L., & Bayley, P. J. (2018) · Global Advances in Health and Medicine · doi:10.1177/2164956118766011 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Advances in PTSD Treatment Delivery: the Role of Digital Technology in PTSD Treatment
Kuhn, E., & Owen, J. E. (2020) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-020-00207-x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Lobban, J., & Murphy, D. (2019) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2018.11.011 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Hom, M. A., Weiss, R. B., Millman, Z. B., Christensen, K., Lewis, E. J., Cho, S., Yoon, S., Meyer, N., Kosiba, J. D., Shavit, E., et al. (2020) · Journal of Psychotherapy Integration · doi:10.1037/int0000212 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Predictors of Treatment Discontinuation During Prolonged Exposure for PTSD
Grös, D. F., Allan, N. P., Lancaster, C. L., Szafranski, D. D., & Acierno, R. E. (2017) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s135246581700039x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Survival analyses should be completed in similarly powered evidence-based psychotherapy telehealth studies to determine if this finding replicates (Acierno et al., 2016; Morland et al., 2014).”
BackgroundEffectiveness of PTSD telehealth treatment in a VA clinical sample.
Wierwille, J. L., Pukay‐Martin, N. D., Chard, K. M., & Klump, M. C. (2016) · Psychological Services · doi:10.1037/ser0000106 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationO’Malley, K. A., Vinson, L. D., Kaiser, A. P., Sager, Z. S., & Hinrichs, K. L. M. (2019) · Public Policy & Aging Report · doi:10.1093/ppar/prz027 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Raab, P. A., Mackintosh, M.-A., Gros, D. F., & Morland, L. A. (2015) · Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development · doi:10.1682/jrrd.2014.05.0130 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“We drew data for this study from the baseline assessments of a clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of the telehealth modality for delivering cognitive processing therapy [27] to combat Veterans with PTSD [28]; this included baseline data from a pilot cohort [29].”
Self-citationComparative Efficacy of Online vs. Face-to-Face Group Interventions: A Systematic Review
Rafieifar, M., Hanbidge, A. S., Lorenzini, S. B., & Macgowan, M. J. (2024) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/10497315241236966 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Psychotherapy for PTSD: An evidence-based guide to a theranostic approach to treatment
Goodnight, J. R. M., Ragsdale, K. A., Rauch, S. A. M., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2019) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.05.006 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Videoconferencing Psychotherapy in the Public Sector: Synthesis and Model for Implementation
Muir, S. D., de Boer, K., Thomas, N., Seabrook, E., Nedeljkovic, M., & Meyer, D. (2020) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/14996 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Therefore, it is understandable that clinicians may hold reservations about using such approaches with VCP, despite studies demonstrating VCP to be safe and effective when using interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and Prolonged Exposure for posttraumatic stress disorder populations [63,64].”
MethodAn intensive outpatient treatment program for combat-related PTSD: Trauma Management Therapy
Beidel, D. C., Stout, J. W., Neer, S. M., Frueh, B. C., & Lejuez, C. W. (2017) · Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic · doi:10.1521/bumc.2017.81.2.107 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“In some cases, explanations suggest that these other behaviors are affected by PE and CPT; however, with the exception of depression and general anxiety, the outcome assessment batteries rarely, if ever, included specific assessment of behaviors such as anger, social isolation, guilt, or occupational adjustment.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationBauer, A., Amspoker, A. B., Fletcher, T. L., Jackson, C., Jacobs, A., Hogan, J., Shammet, R., Speicher, S., Lindsay, J. A., & Cloître, M. (2021) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2020.1860357 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Brief treatment for PTSD: A non-inferiority trial
Sloan, D., Marx, B. P., & Resick, P. (2016) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2016.04.003 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“, CPT) is equally efficacious when delivered in person versus remote video teleconferencing [25,26].”
BackgroundSelf-citationJohnson, E., & Possemato, K. (2019) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000461 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Shreck, E., Nehrig, N., Schneider, J. A., Palfrey, A., Buckley, J., Jordan, B., Ashkenazi, S., Wash, L. K., Baer, A. L., & Chen, C. K. (2020) · Rural Mental Health · doi:10.1037/rmh0000129 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Bumgarner, D. J., Polinsky, E. J., Herman, K. G., Fordiani, J., Lewis, C. P., Hansen, S. K., Rutschman, R. L., Bonnell, M. A., & Cardin, S. A. (2017) · Rural Mental Health · doi:10.1037/rmh0000078 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Clinical video telehealth was found to be comparable to face-to-face treatment (Morland et al., 2015; Ziemba et al., 2014), to increase access to evidence-based psychotherapies for PTSD (Lindsay et al.”
BackgroundNobleza, D., Hagenbaugh, J., Blue, S., Stepchin, A., Vergare, M. J., & Pohl, C. A. (2018) · Journal of College Student Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/87568225.2018.1491362 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“…Hilty et al., 2013; Hilty, Marks, Urness, Yellowlees, & Nesbitt, 2004; Shore, 2013) and telecounseling (Bashshur et al., 2016; Hilty et al., 2013; Morland et al., 2014; Shingleton, Richards, & Thompson-Brenner, 2013; Simpson, 2009) for a variety of mental health problems, and the use of…”
BackgroundBrowne, K. C., Chen, J. A., Hundt, N. E., Hudson, T. J., Grubbs, K. M., & Fortney, J. C. (2019) · Psychological Services · doi:10.1037/ser0000375 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Only one veteran in the CPT group indicated that non-attendance was related to the interactive video technology, which matches prior studies that have found comparable treatment satisfaction for in person and clinical video teleconferencing (Morland et al., 2014; Yuen et al., 2015).”
ResultTelehealth Technologies in Evidence-Based Psychotherapy
Wangelin, B. C., Szafranski, D. D., & Grös, D. F. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802075-3.00005-x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Trauma-focused treatment for comorbid post-traumatic stress and substance use disorder
Kline, A. C., Panza, K. E., Lyons, R., Kehle-Forbes, S. M., Hien, D. A., & Norman, S. B. (2022) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-022-00129-w · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Nauphal, M., Swetlitz, C., Smith, L. M., & Rosellini, A. J. (2021) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2021.04.011 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Fletcher, T. L., Amspoker, A. B., Wassef, M., Hogan, J., Helm, A., Jackson, C., Jacobs, A., Shammet, R., Speicher, S., Lindsay, J. A., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Rural Health · doi:10.1111/jrh.12628 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Wright, E. C., Wachen, J. S., Yamokoski, C., Galovski, T. E., Morris, K. L., Goetter, E. M., Klassen, B. J., Jacoby, V. M., Zwiebach, L. C., Sornborger, J., et al. (2022) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2022.06.005 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Usual Care for Rural Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Grubbs, K. M., Fortney, J. C., Kimbrell, T. A., Pyne, J. M., Hudson, T. J., Robinson, D., Moore, W. M., Custer, P., Schneider, R., & Schnurr, P. P. (2017) · The Journal of Rural Health · doi:10.1111/jrh.12230 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Rasmusson, A. M., Pineles, S. L., Brown, K. D., & Pinna, G. (2021) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.13062 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Watkins, L. L., LoSavio, S. T., Calhoun, P. S., Resick, P. A., Sherwood, A., Coffman, C. J., Kirby, A. C., Beaver, T. A., Dennis, M. F., & Beckham, J. C. (2023) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111351 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationPractical issues in delivery of clinician-to-patient telemental health in an academic medical center
Abrams, J., Sossong, S., Schwamm, L. H., Barsanti, L., Carter, M., Kling, N., Kotarski, M., Leddy, J., Meller, B., Simoni, M., et al. (2017) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000142 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Additional published experience on virtual visits for various patient populations since 2013 (see Table 1) includes the following: treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children; treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (even during actual deployment/in war zones); home-based, outpat…”
BackgroundChen, J. A., Fortney, J. C., Bergman, H. E., Browne, K. C., Grubbs, K. M., Hudson, T. J., & Raue, P. J. (2019) · Psychological Services · doi:10.1037/ser0000329 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Because several studies have found no difference in therapeutic alliance between telemedicine-delivered and in-person CPT (Morland et al., 2014), psychotherapy for depression (Preschl, Maercker, & Wagner, 2011), or psychotherapy for anxiety disorders (Klein, Richards, & Austin, 2006), we did not…”
BackgroundInfluentialBouchard, S., Dugas, M. J., Belleville, G., Langlois, F., Gosselin, P., Robillard, G., Corno, G., & Marchand, A. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11195924 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Valentine, L. M., Donofry, S. D., Broman, R. B., Smith, E. R., Rauch, S. A., & Sexton, M. B. (2020) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x19832419 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Galovski, T. E., Nixon, R. D. V., & Kehle‐Forbes, S. (2024) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.23073 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
- Authors
- Morland, L. A., Mackintosh, M.-A., Greene, C. J., Rosen, C. S., Chard, K. M., Resick, P., & Frueh, B. C.
- Affiliations
- National Center for PTSD (US)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System (US)
- Cincinnati VA Medical Center (US)
- VA Boston Healthcare System (US)
- University of Hawaii at Hilo (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc
- Published
- 2014-05-15
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 05
- Pages
- 470-476
- ISSN
- 0160-6689 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2088885347
- Cited by
- 234
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 23.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- cognitive processing therapy, post-traumatic stress disorder, veterans, rural mental health services, telemental health, non-inferiority, access to specialist care, therapeutic relationship, medication adherence, treatment satisfaction, treatment expectancy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Psychotherapy, Group, Rural Population, Severity of Illness Index, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, United States, Veterans, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Telemedicine
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
