Telepsychotherapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Impact on the working alliance.
Abstract
Telepsychotherapy represents a promising solution to problems pertaining to specialized mental health services accessibility, including when delivering psychotherapy to people who do not have access to care due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The quality of the working alliance established in such a therapeutic context remains often questioned. Moreover, no study has comparatively examined the evolution of the alliance over telepsychotherapy and conventional, face-to-face, psychotherapy. This study assesses the impact of cognitive- behavioral therapy administered via telepsychotherapy or face-to-face on the quality of the working alliance. One hundred and 15 participants suffering from generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) took part in this randomized controlled trial, 50 of whom were assigned to telepsychotherapy in videoconference and 65 of whom were assigned to conventional psychotherapy. Each client and their psychotherapist completed the Working Alliance Inventory every 2 sessions. In the current sample, telepsychotherapy did not interfere with the establishment of the working alliance over the course of the treatment for GAD. On the contrary, clients showed a stronger working alliance in telepsychotherapy delivered in videoconference than in conventional psychotherapy. Clients seemed to be more comfortable with telepsychotherapy than psychotherapists. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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The therapeutic alliance does not appear to be affected when cognitive behavioral therapy is delivered via videoconferencing.
“Importantly, the therapeutic alliance does not appear to be affected when CBT is delivered in this format [5, 52].”
From Internet videoconferencing delivered cognitive behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2022) · cites this paper as [52]
The statistically significant difference in the strength of the working alliance was not observed in this sample after the first few therapy sessions and is therefore not likely to be attributable to the effect of randomization.
“The statistically significant difference in the strength of the working alliance was not observed in this sample after the first few therapy sessions [81], and it is therefore not likely to be attributable to the effect of randomization.”
The working alliance was measured with the total score, as opposed to focusing on each subscale, and according to patients' perspective; analyses of the psychotherapists' perspective confirmed the quality of the working alliance in the sample.
“The working alliance was measured with the total score, as opposed to focusing on each subscale [101], and according to patients’ perspective. Analyses of the psychotherapists’ perspective confirmed the quality of the working alliance in our sample [81]”
Watts et al compared the working alliance in videoconference and face-to-face in our sample and found no evidence that it was poorer in videoconference; it was actually significantly stronger.
“Watts et al [27] compared the working alliance in VC and in face-to-face in our sample and found no evidence that it was poorer in VC (it was actually significantly stronger)”
Overall, the results suggest that the use of videoconference-based psychotherapies does not interfere with the quality of the working alliance.
“Overall, the results suggest that the use of VC-based psychotherapies does not interfere with the quality of the working alliance [25-27].”
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- Authors
- Watts, S., Marchand, A., Bouchard, S., Gosselin, P., Langlois, F., Belleville, G., & Dugas, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Université du Québec à Montréal (CA)
- Université du Québec en Outaouais (CA)
- Université de Sherbrooke (CA)
- Université Laval (CA)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Psychotherapy Integration
- Published
- 2020-06
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 208-225
- ISSN
- 1053-0479 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3696
- OpenAlex
- W3034201005
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 6.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Psychotherapy Integration (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (176854)
- Canada Research Chairs (210762; 231039)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- telepsychotherapy, generalized anxiety disorder, therapeutic relationship, cognitive behavioral therapy, face-to-face psychotherapy, Working Alliance Inventory, access to mental health care, COVID-19 pandemic
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