The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 10 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Evaluation of pituitary function in cases with the diagnosis of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury: Cross-sectional study
Open accessAbstract
Background: This study was to determine whether pituitary dysfunction occurs after head trauma in children or not and which axis is affected more; to define the association of pituitary dysfunction with the severity of head trauma and duration time after the diagnosis of head trauma. Materials and Methods: In this study, 24 children who were diagnosed with head trauma were evaluated regarding pituitary dysfunction. In all cases, after 12 h fasting, serum cortisol, fT3, fT4, thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, insulin-like growth factor-1, serum sodium, urine density, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, in female cases E2, in male cases, TT levels were determined. Results: Mean age of children was 9.5 ± 3.1 years, 14 children (58.3%) had mild, 9 children (37.5%) had moderate, and 1 children (4.2%) had severe head trauma according to the Glasgow coma scale. Mean duration time after head trauma was 29.4 ± 9.8 months. In all cases, no pathologic condition was determined in the pituitary hormonal axis. In one children (4.2%), low basal cortisol level was found. There were no children with hormonal deficiency in this study. Conclusion: Although pituitary dysfunction after head trauma may develop in the early period, some may present in the late period; therefore, all cases should be followed up at outpatient clinics for a longer period.
Overview
CoChat Summary
TL;DR
In this cross-sectional study of 24 children evaluated 12–44 months after predominantly mild/moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI), no pituitary hormone deficiency was identified, although 9 (37.5%) had IGF-1 Z-scores below −2 SD and 2 had low basal cortisol. The authors conclude that long-term follow-up is still warranted because pituitary dysfunction after TBI may present early or late.
Key findings
- Among 24 children (mean age 9.5 ± 3.1 years; 14 mild, 9 moderate, 1 severe TBI by Glasgow coma scale [GCS]; mean 29.4 ± 9.8 months after trauma), no pituitary hormone deficiency was found; fT3, fT4, TSH, prolactin, serum sodium, urine density, and gonadotropin values were normal/appropriate, and no delayed or early puberty was identified.
- Low basal cortisol was reported in 2 cases in the Results/Discussion (the abstract says 1, 4.2%); one had a low-dose ACTH stimulation test with normal post-stimulation cortisol (18.44 µg/dl), and the other refused testing. Basal cortisol did not correlate with GCS (P = 0.097) and was lower in moderate versus mild TBI without statistical significance (P = 0.1).
- IGF-1 values were within normal limits, but 9/24 (37.5%) had IGF-1 Z-scores below −2 SD (8 pubertal, 1 prepubertal); none had short stature. No significant differences were found between mild and moderate TBI groups for IGF-1, IGF-1 Z-score, height SDS, thyroid hormones, prolactin, sodium, or urine density.
Methods
- Cross-sectional study of 24 pediatric patients aged 5–17 years diagnosed with TBI at Trakya University Pediatric Emergency Department between April 2006 and December 2008; inclusion required GCS ≤13 or GCS 13–15 with pathology on computed brain tomography; exclusions included long-term medication use, syndromes/chromosomal anomalies/CNS developmental defects, previous infection or metabolic disease, or previous head trauma diagnosis.
- After 12 h fasting, morning blood samples measured basal cortisol, fT3, fT4, TSH, prolactin, IGF-1, FSH, LH, estradiol in females, total testosterone in males, and serum sodium; morning urine density was also measured. IGF-1 Z-scores were calculated using a formula for Turkish children.
- Cases were divided into mild versus moderate TBI (the single severe case was included in the moderate group) and compared; Spearman correlation and Mann–Whitney U-test were used, with P < 0.05 considered significant.
Limitations
- Stated: the number of cases was low; the cross-sectional design did not assess the acute period, so the authors cannot comment on whether early hyperprolactinemia or central diabetes insipidus occurred; one severe TBI case was included in the moderate group for comparisons; one case with low basal cortisol refused ACTH stimulation.
- Evident: there was no control group, and no dynamic GH stimulation tests were performed (only planned/monitoring), so GH deficiency could not be definitively excluded; the single-center design may limit generalizability.
- Evident: the abstract reports one low basal cortisol while the Results/Discussion report two, an internal inconsistency in the paper.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
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Claims the paper makes
0 Valid · 0 Not valid · 8 Not checked · 31 Own results and interpretations
In the paper
“When the IGF-1 Z-scores are assessed according to the Tanner puberty stages, 8 pubertal and 1 prepubertal cases, a total of 9 (37.5%) cases were identified as below −2 SD.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“when the IGF-1 Z-scores of cases are evaluated according to the study by Bereket et al., 9 cases were seen to be below −2 SD.[17]”
§ Evaluation of pituitary function in cases with the diagnosis of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury: Cross-sectional study > Results
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [17] Bereket, 2006, Horm Res source
plainn = 9- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fT3, fT4, and TSH values of all cases were within normal limits.”
§ Evaluation of pituitary function in cases with the diagnosis of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury: Cross-sectional study > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was no significant difference found in a comparison of thyroid hormone levels between the mild and moderate TBI groups [Table 3].”
§ Evaluation of pituitary function in cases with the diagnosis of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury: Cross-sectional study > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The gonadotropin values were FSH 3.68 ± 2.15 mIU/ml, and LH 2.89 ± 2.5 mIU/ml in the cases who had entered puberty according to the physical examination (n: 10).”
§ Evaluation of pituitary function in cases with the diagnosis of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury: Cross-sectional study > Results
plainn = 10- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In all cases, no pathologic condition was determined in the pituitary hormonal axis.”
- Also stated in: § Results: · plain
“There were no children with hormonal deficiency in this study.”
- Also stated in: § Conclusion · plain
“no pituitary hormone deficiencies supported by clinical and laboratory work were identified”
§ Evaluation of pituitary function in cases with the diagnosis of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury: Cross-sectional study > Abstract > Results:
plainn = 24- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption not shown here.
- Also stated in: § Results: · plain
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Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Evaluation of pituitary function in cases with the diagnosis of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury: Cross-sectional study
“Evaluation of pituitary function in cases with the diagnosis of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury: Cross-sectional study”
§ Evaluation of pituitary function in cases with the diagnosis of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury: Cross-sectional study > Results
“According to the GCS, 14 cases (58.3%) were classified with mild, 9 cases (37.5%) were moderate, and 1 case (4.2%) had severe head trauma.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Evaluation of pituitary function in cases with the diagnosis of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury: Cross-sectional study > Abstract > Results:
“In one children (4.2%), low basal cortisol level was found.”
§ Evaluation of pituitary function in cases with the diagnosis of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury: Cross-sectional study > Results
“When the basal cortisol taken from patients in the morning was investigated, two cases had low basal cortisol values identified.”
Citations
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Anterior Pituitary Hormonal Disturbances in Patients Suffering with Traumatic Brain Injury
Satyarthee, G. D., & Garg, K. (2017) · Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice · doi:10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_438_16
Metadata
- Authors
- Aylanç, H., Tütüncüler, F., & Süt, N.
- Affiliations
- Trakya University (TR)
- Corresponding author
- Aylanç, Hakan
- Venue
- Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice
- Publisher
- Scientific Scholar
- Published
- 2016-04
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 04
- Pages
- 537-543
- ISSN
- 0976-3155 (ISSN-L)
- 0976-3147
- PMC
- PMC5006465
- OpenAlex
- W2468095698
- Semantic Scholar
- ce17c3031b014251b96974741f37df767e03e729
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 0.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University AVESIS (submittedVersion)
- Trakya University's Institutional Open Access System (Trakya University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Keywords
- pituitary dysfunction, mild traumatic brain injury, pediatric head injury, cortisol, thyroid function, prolactin, insulin-like growth factor I, gonadotropins, injury severity, follow-up
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