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Social Role Theory
Abstract
What causes sex differences and similarities in behavior? At the core of our account are societal stereotypes about gender. These stereotypes, or gender role beliefs, form as people observe male and female behavior and infer that the sexes possess corresponding dispositions. For example, in industrialized ...
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“The findings regarding perceived intelligence suggest that there exists a stronger gender bias than the attractiveness halo effect [87,88] and underscores deeper cultural attitudes and stereotypes surrounding gender roles and expectations [89].”
From What is beautiful is still good: the attractiveness halo effect in the era of beauty filters (2024) · cites this paper as [89]
In the citing paper
“According to role theory47,48, occupying the role of an editor will also implicitly set expectations about the behaviours the role entails.”
From Establishing the importance of co-creation and self-efficacy in creative collaboration with artificial intelligence (2024) · cites this paper as [48]
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Feminist Lens on Gender Roles in Entrepreneurial Intention and Implementation
Golik, J. J., & Wasilczuk, J. E. (2025) · Gender Work and Organization · doi:10.1111/gwao.13246 · Cited by 10
Marks, M. J., & Wosick, K. R. (2017) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-017-0737-z · Cited by 7
“…theory and research on sexuality suggests that sexually agentic women are evaluated less favorably because they violate the stereotype that women should take the communal role in relationships (Eagly and Wood 2012) or that they only behave sexually in the context of relationships (Bell 2013).”
BackgroundSendén, M. G., & Renström, E. A. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2018-0108 · Cited by 7
Dengate, J., Peter, T., & Farenhorst, A. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.7202/1066638ar · Cited by 7
“…he would have taken (and implied these actions would have been successful), reflecting understandings of men as more agentic, assertive, and competent than women (e.g., Eagly & Wood, 2012): We have had our share of problems over the years, including… to my great regret, one who committed suicide.”
BackgroundAlasmari, T. M. (2020) · Journal of Information Technology Education Research · doi:10.28945/4634 · Cited by 7
“Whereas women are perceived as supportive and nurturing which gives them more access to family and society care - taking roles (Eagly & Wood, 2012; Wood & Eagly, 2010).”
BackgroundThe Epistemology of Evolutionary Psychology Offers a Rapprochement to Cultural Psychology
Saad, G. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.579578 · Cited by 8
Dou, J., Yang, B., & Wang, T. (2020) · Community Work & Family · doi:10.1080/13668803.2020.1855115 · Cited by 7
“Gender role expectations prescribes that men are expected to be breadwinners and women be caregivers (Eagly et al., 2000; Eagly & Wood, 2012).”
BackgroundRoubinov, D. S., Somers, J., & Luecken, L. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2020.1852941 · Cited by 7
“Gender role attitudes arise from observations of the behaviors enacted by males and females within a distinct cultural group and subsequent presumptions that such behaviors reflect sex-specific innate attributes (Eagly & Wood, 2012).”
BackgroundRatnaningsih, I. Z., Idris, M. A., & Yulita, Y. (2022) · Cross Cultural & Strategic Management · doi:10.1108/ccsm-01-2022-0015 · Cited by 12
Alone or together: The role of gender and social context prior to Aha‐experiences
Skaar, Ø. O., & Reber, R. (2022) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12883 · Cited by 9
Nnubia, U. I., Ibeanu, V. N., & Okechukwu, F. O. (2023) · Community Work & Family · doi:10.1080/13668803.2023.2230347 · Cited by 7
“Eagly and Wood (2012) noted that this view of separate roles leads to gender stereotypes, expressed in the belief that men and women have characteristics that allow them to play sex-typical roles in response to cultural and environmental factors.”
Farrell, C., Slaughter, V. P., Thai, M., & Mulvihill, A. (2023) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-023-01393-7 · Cited by 9
“This may be because the gender role and gender stereotype beliefs evident in society are salient to all individuals, regardless of their parental status or gender (see Eagly & Wood, 2012; Farago et al., 2022).”
BackgroundShrestha, I., Dahal, R. K., Ghimire, B., & Rai, B. (2023) · Problems and Perspectives in Management · doi:10.21511/ppm.21(4).2023.45 · Cited by 7
“Gender role examines the factors influencing male and female behavior (Eagly & Wood, 2012).”
BackgroundScarborough, W. J. (2018) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-76333-0_1 · Cited by 8
Avoiding Backlash or Proving One’s Manhood? Beliefs About Gender Differences in Negotiation
Mazei, J., Bear, J. B., & Hüffmeier, J. (2021) · Group Decision and Negotiation · doi:10.1007/s10726-021-09757-8 · Cited by 7
Dengate, J., Peter, T., & Farenhorst, A. (2019) · Canadian Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.47678/cjhe.v49i3.188311 · Cited by 8
Farkas, T., & Leaper, C. (2016) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-016-0614-1 · Cited by 7
Is a non-evolutionary psychology possible?Preprint
Nettle, D., & Scott-Phillips, T. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/wky9h · Cited by 10
Petruța, R. T.-R., & Stănculescu, E. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-07353-6 · Cited by 8
“Furthermore, it is well accepted that women are more risk-averse than men (Aguiar et al., 2009), and they more often engage in acts of nurturing, caring, and helpfulness (Eagly & Wood, 2012; Eisenberg et al., 2006).”
Napp, C. (2024) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672241286084 · Cited by 9
“According to social role theory (SRT) (Eagly et al., 2000; Eagly & Wood, 2012; Koenig & Eagly, 2014; Wood & Eagly, 2012), gender stereotypes stem from people’s direct and indirect observations of the differential family and employment roles that men and women occupy in society.”
A Star Is Born or Not: Understanding the Star Emergence Gender Gap
Bear, J. B., Treviño, L. J., & Aguinis, H. (2025) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2858 · Cited by 9
Baeckström, Y., Rezec, N., & Clinton, M. E. (2025) · Gender Work and Organization · doi:10.1111/gwao.13253 · Cited by 7
Gender and ESG investing: Same behavior but different motivations
Assaf, C., Monne, J., & Harriet, L. (2025) · International Review of Financial Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104327 · Cited by 9
Feminization of teaching: gender and motivational factors of choosing teaching as a career
Kammermeier, M., Muckenthaler, M., Weiß, S., & Kiel, E. (2025) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2025.1471015 · Cited by 21
Jian, J., Qin, X., Gao, W., & Xu, F. (2025) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-025-02204-w · Cited by 8
“In the fi rst place, according to the social role theory (Eagly & Wood, 2012), parents could adopt differentiated parenting behaviors for boys and girls.”
Tian, X., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105375 · Cited by 21
Zhao, S., Wang, T., Luo, S., Mi, Y., Wang, Y., Ma, H., & Wei, X. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1685420 · Cited by 14
“Consistent with this possibility, meta-analytic evidence suggests that women may exhibit higher affective commitment compared to men (37), and some studies also report slightly higher normative commitment among women (38, 39).”
Li, M., Stas, L., Vanroelen, C., & Moortel, D. D. (2025) · International Journal for Equity in Health · doi:10.1186/s12939-025-02687-w · Cited by 7
“Gender division of labour theories, such as role theory [39–41], identity theory [42], and relative resources theory [43], shed light on how tensions between work and family lead to gender disparities in the distribution of paid and unpaid work.”
Çakır, Z., Çatıkkaş, F., Türkmen, M., Şengönül, A., Yaman, M. S., Öktem, T., Gönen, M., Güzel, S., & Yel, K. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03751-4 · Cited by 6
“…humour can foster climates of fear and anxiety in the classroom [ According to social role theory, women’s socially oriented tendencies toward cooperation, empathy, and communication facilitate their adoption of humour to enhance learning and foster a favourable classroom climate [117].”
Relative income and value congruence in dual‐income couples
Steed, L. B., Dust, S. B., Rode, J. C., & Arthaud-Day, M. L. (2023) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2709 · Cited by 6
‘Woman-Owned Business’ Labels Enhance Perceived Competence
Davis, N. L., & Kim, T. (2024) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1093/jcr/ucae050 · Cited by 6
The impact of pandemic-driven changes and personal characteristics on auditors’ deviant behavior
Khalil, S. (2024) · Journal of financial reporting & accounting · doi:10.1108/jfra-03-2024-0129 · Cited by 6
Sex and attitudinal gender: A critical review and decomposition principle
Gartzia, L. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06410-w · Cited by 6
“Addressing this concern, social role theory (Eagly, 1987; Eagly & Wood, 2012 ) has traditionally explained how gender stereotypes serve as a structural basis for individual gender responses and the sexual division of labor consistent with communal standards (connected to social relationships) and…”
Understanding the Relationships Between Divorce and Work: A Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda
Kelemen, T. K., Matthews, M. J., Bolino, M. C., Gabriel, A. S., & Ganster, M. L. (2024) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/01492063241281467 · Cited by 6
“These hypotheses are grounded in societal expectations of men to be the primary breadwinners (Eagly & Wood, 2012) as well as the social recognition that as women gain employment, they become economically independent and can more easily terminate an undesired relationship (Rogers, 2004).”
Schindler, S., Schuster, C., Olsson, M. I. T., Froehlich, L., Hübner, A., Block, K., van Laar, C., Schmader, T., Meeussen, L., Grootel, S. V., et al. (2024) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12806 · Cited by 9
Pleyers, G., Janssen, F., & Shinnar, R. S. (2025) · Entrepreneurship and Regional Development · doi:10.1080/08985626.2025.2458015 · Cited by 6
“Social role theory (Eagly 1987) suggests that when changes in the roles that men and women play in the world occur, stereotypes about men and women will shift as well (Eagly and Wood 2012; Koenig and Eagly 2014).”
Fostering workplace safety with a gender-diverse workforce
Shu, W., & Fan, D. (2025) · International Journal of Operations & Production Management · doi:10.1108/ijopm-04-2024-0313 · Cited by 6
Hotham, G., Litchfield, C., & Osborne, J. (2019) · Sport in Society · doi:10.1080/17430437.2019.1672156 · Cited by 6
Ayala, Y., Bayona, J. A., Karaeminoğulları, A., Perdomo‐Ortiz, J., & Rámos-Mejía, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.569394 · Cited by 6
“First, in accordance with the social role theory, people hold gender role beliefs based on sex differences and similarities in behavior, which, in turn, represent social roles for men and women (Eagly and Wood, 2012).”
ResultMorello, S. L., Rogus‐Pulia, N. M., Branchaw, J. L., Bräuer, M., Schwakopf, J. M., & Carnes, M. L. (2021) · Journal of Veterinary Medical Education · doi:10.3138/jvme-2020-0143 · Cited by 7
“30,31 As a result, feminine stereotypes are strongly associated with communal behaviors (e.g., nurturing, supportive) while masculine stereotypes are strongly associated with agentic behaviors (i.e., involving human agency, e.g., assertive, independent).”
BackgroundNorthey, K. (2021) · Journal of Education Human Resources · doi:10.3138/jehr-2021-0018 · Cited by 7
Leroy, N., Max, S., & Pansu, P. (2022) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-022-01289-y · Cited by 8
“In addition, according to theories focusing on the development of gender roles (Eagly & Wood, 2011), people perceive certain roles as more or less in alignment with their gender, which is why observing men and women in gender roles promotes gender aspirations and behaviors.”
BackgroundLos efectos de la IA en la vida laboral de las mujeres
(2022) · OECD eBooks · doi:10.1787/883df0ae-es · Cited by 7
Proportion of women in work teams and team performance: a moderated mediation model
Davcheva, M., & González‐Romá, V. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03534-9 · Cited by 13
“To improve our understanding of this relationship, we test a moderated mediation model based on social role theory (SRT, Eagly, 1987; Eagly & Wood, 2012; Eagly et al., 2020) and congruence theory (Becker & Huselid, 1998; Nadler & Tushman, 1980).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialToh, L., & Watt, H. M. G. (2023) · The Australian Educational Researcher · doi:10.1007/s13384-022-00606-4 · Cited by 6
“We found that there were more women than men in the LA/HC group, supporting our second hypothesis, in line with gender role ste-reotypes that associate women with high communal but not agentic goals (Eagly, 1987; Eagly & Wood, 2012).”
Iwanowska, M., Zawadzka, A. M., & Kondratowicz, B. (2023) · Current Issues in Personality Psychology · doi:10.5114/cipp/156172 · Cited by 10
“The re-sults indicating gender differences can also be interpreted along the lines of the social role theory (Eagly & Wood, 2012), according to which women and men have different social roles to fulfill, and men may be less likely to admit fear so as not to lose face (Melki et al., 2022).”
BackgroundIndividual Differences and Situational Constraint Predict Information Search in Negotiation Planning
Le, D. Q., & Jang, D. (2023) · Group Decision and Negotiation · doi:10.1007/s10726-023-09824-2 · Cited by 6
Lăzărescu, G., Karner‐Huțuleac, A., & Maftei, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1219442 · Cited by 7
Similar, but Different: Gender Differences in Working Time Arrangements and the Work–Life Interface
Mazei, J., Backhaus, N., Wöhrmann, A. M., Brauner, C., & Hüffmeier, J. (2023) · Collabra Psychology · doi:10.1525/collabra.87546 · Cited by 11
She's worth IT: challenges for female CIOs in ensuring IT security compliance
Bansal, G., & Axelton, Z. (2024) · Information Technology and People · doi:10.1108/itp-05-2023-0524 · Cited by 5
“According to social role theory (Eagly and Wood, 2012; Koenig and Eagly, 2014), gender stereotypes stem from people ’ s direct and indirect observations of women and men in their social roles.”
BackgroundMapping gender role stress scales utilities: a scoping review approach
Aguilera, A., Villanueva‐Moya, L., & Expósito, F. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1436337 · Cited by 7
“According to the social role theory (Eagly, 1987; Eagly and Wood, 2012), due to physical differences between men and women, there is a social division of tasks by gender: Care behaviors are associated with women (caregivers) and strength behaviors with men (breadwinners).”
MethodWood, W., & Eagly, A. H. (2015) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-015-0553-2 · Cited by 6
“Traits become linked to gender identities through the stereotypes that people hold about men and women in a society (Wood and Eagly 2012) Gender stereotypes emerge because people observe the behaviors performed by women and men in societal roles andmake correspondent inferences about gender-typical dispositions (Eagly…”
BackgroundSelf-citationPerceived Acceptability of Sexual and Romantic Fantasizing
Busch, T. M. (2019) · Sexuality & Culture · doi:10.1007/s12119-019-09668-6 · Cited by 8
The Effect of Prescription Drugs and Alcohol Consumption on Intimate Partner Violence Victim Blaming
Sáez, G., Ruiz, M. J., Delclós-López, G., Expósito, F., & Fernández‐Artamendi, S. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17134747 · Cited by 7
Taylor, E. A., Ward, R. M., Huml, M. R., & Darvin, L. (2021) · Sport Management Review · doi:10.1080/14413523.2021.1899720 · Cited by 6
“Social role theory has been utilized to examine how individuals carry out gender roles while engaging in specific social roles (e.g., employee; Eagly & Wood, 2012).”
BackgroundMethodGender Roles Within the Family: A Study Across Three Language Regions of Switzerland
Makarova, E., & Herzog, W. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14005-6_12 · Cited by 5
Renger, D., Renger, S., Köller, M. M., & Møller, J. (2020) · Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie · doi:10.1024/1010-0652/a000287 · Cited by 8
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Unpaid work and women empowerment
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Coban-Tosyali, E., & Bozo, Ö. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-05341-2 · Cited by 5
“…of men’s PPR to men’s sleep (hypothesis 4a was not supported for men) is congruent with the assumption of the theory suggesting that men are more likely to be independent of close others (Eagly & Wood, 2012) and tend to seek less support from others compared to women (Walen & Lach-man, 2000).”
InfluentialLi, C., Fryer, L. K., & Shum, A. (2024) · Simulation & Gaming · doi:10.1177/10468781241238299 · Cited by 5
“…emphasizes that besides humans ’ biological sex differences in women ’ s reproductivity and men ’ s size and strength, a society ’ s culture in fl uences the sexual division of labor (i.e., status allocation) and subsequently affects stereotypes (Ashmore & Del Boca, 2015; Eagly & Wood, 2012).”
Liu, X., Ngoubene-Atioky, A. J., Yang, X., Deng, Y., Tang, J., Wu, L., Huang, J., Zheng, Y., Fang, J., Kaur, A., et al. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19397-7 · Cited by 5
“According to social role theory [58] and Chinese culture, men are dominant in society, while women are often sub-ordinate, particularly in rural areas [59–61].”
MethodGuo, J., Zhao, B., Jiang, L., & Pan, J. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06777-w · Cited by 6
“Boys are often guided to exhibit independence, assertive-ness, competitiveness, and mastery, while girls are typically encouraged to display interdependence, friendliness, and concern for others (Eagly & Wood, 2012; Cuddy et al., 2015).”
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“According to social role theory, society assigns different expectations and roles to individuals based on their gender, which influences their behavior and attitudes (Eagly, 2013; Eagly & Wood, 2012).”
Wu, T., Su, Y., Shi, X., & Zheng, Y. (2023) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-023-00823-1 · Cited by 5
“In summary, consistent with the claims of social role theory (Eagly & Wood, 2011; Eagly et al., 2000), these traditional gender roles were designed to limit various aspects of women’s equal rights and perpetuate hierarchical differences between men and women; therefore, it is reasonable to expect…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialParents' mental state language and child gender: A scoping review of developmental evidence
Farrell, C., Sanderson, E., Mulvihill, A., Thai, M., & Slaughter, V. P. (2024) · British Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjdp.12502 · Cited by 6
“For example, exposure to such language may aid girls in fulfilling societal roles that are stereotypically expected of them now or in the future (Eagly & Wood, 2012).”
Valentine Joseph Owan, P. D., Chuktu, O., Nwosu, P. O., Undie, R. A., Uchegbue, H. O., Edoho, G. E., Egaga, M. M., Anam, B. B., Ofem, U. J., Enamhe, D. C., et al. (2024) · Social Sciences & Humanities Open · doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.100983 · Cited by 5
Nal, M., Dağ, E., & Demir, Y. (2024) · Journal of Health Organization and Management · doi:10.1108/jhom-08-2024-0330 · Cited by 5
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“Considering that women are generally expected to prioritize their family roles over their work roles more often than men (Eagly & Wood, 2012), and the fact that women occupy more significant number of roles now than in the past (due to their higher rates of educational attainment and work hours),…”
Silva, L. I. M., Moreno, G., Monroy, A. M., Martín‐Casas, P., Hernández-Martín, M. M., Moreno-Pimentel, A. G., & Rodríguez-Leal, L. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13030336 · Cited by 5
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Women’s and Men’s Evaluations of Lesbians and Gay Men and their Levels of Outness
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“For example, men are expected to select mates who are homeoriented and nurturing (roles traditionally associated with women), whereas women are expected to select mates who have resources and can financially provide (roles traditionally associated with men; Eagly and Wood 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialGeneral and gender-specific dynamics determining the health status of employed family caregivers
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Meeussen, L., & Koudenburg, N. (2022) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12532 · Cited by 6
“People are socialized into these expectations already early in life (Eagly & Wood, 2012; Martin & Ruble, 2010), and they may receive social punishments for deviating.”
BackgroundWellbeing of female employees: What workplaces do women love?
Campos-García, I. (2022) · Intangible Capital · doi:10.3926/ic.2046 · Cited by 6
Gloor, J. L. P., Rehbock, S. K., & Kark, R. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.932998 · Cited by 5
The Effect of Face–Voice Gender Consistency on Impression Evaluation
Wen, F., Gao, J., Ke, W., Zuo, B., Dai, Y., Ju, Y., & Long, J. (2023) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-022-02524-z · Cited by 5
“On the other hand, it could be explained by the resistance effect (Eagly & Wood, 2012).”
BackgroundExploring Gender Stereotypes among Prospective Foster Families
Yaroshenko, A., & Semigina, T. V. (2023) · Socialinė teorija empirija politika ir praktika · doi:10.15388/stepp.2022.48 · Cited by 7
“For the purpose of our research, we use a few broad theoretical concepts: (1) gender stereotypes as consensual beliefs about the attributes of group members; (2) ambivalent sexism; (3) intersectionality of gender inequality. We look at gender stereotypes through the lens of Social Role Theory. According to this theory…”
MethodServant versus directive leadership and promotability: does leader gender matter?
Barthel, A. D. T., & Buengeler, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.957121 · Cited by 8
Renström, E. A. (2023) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12995 · Cited by 5
Scheifele, C., van Laar, C., & Steffens, M. C. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1247193 · Cited by 7
“According to social role theory (Eagly, 1987; Eagly and Wood, 2012), such gendered beliefs develop from observing a gendered division of labor and deriving expectations about male and female traits and behaviors.”
BackgroundNicol, A. A. M., Nicol, A. A. M., Nicol, A. M., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1282835 · Cited by 5
“Because there are few women in those roles, this propagates the view that either they are not effective in those roles, or those positions are primarily constructed for men (Eagly and Wood, 2012; Olsson and Martiny, 2018).”
BackgroundWu, T., Reynolds, J., Schlegelmilch, B. B., & Wu, J. (2024) · British Journal of Management · doi:10.1111/1467-8551.12830 · Cited by 7
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“Simultaneously, as research in the speech domain has advanced in recent years, the issues of bias and fairness in speech technology have gradually gained awareness.”
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“Social Role Theory posits that societal expectations for males and females shape their approaches to conflict resolution (Eagly & Wood, 2012).”
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Exploring the Gendered Nature of Digital Social Networks
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Metadata
- Authors
- Eagly, A. H., & Wood, W.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Venue
- Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications Ltd
- Published
- 2012-10-11
- Pages
- 458-476
- OpenAlex
- W2421935140
- Cited by
- 1,853
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 387 · 2025: 386 · 2024: 248 · 2023: 219 · 2022: 136 · 2021: 125 · 2020: 107 · 2019: 82 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 93.43
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Keywords
- social role theory, sex differences in behavior, gender stereotypes, gender role beliefs, gender socialization, gender roles, industrial society
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