Cited by 1,853Gender Roles and Identity StudiesGender and Feminist StudiesSocial and Intergroup Psychology

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Social Role Theory

Eagly, Alice H., Wood, Wendy·2012·Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology

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Abstract

What causes sex differences and similarities in behavior? At the core of our account are societal stereotypes about gender. These stereotypes, or gender role beliefs, form as people observe male and female behavior and infer that the sexes possess corresponding dispositions. For example, in industrialized ...

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“Consequently, communality is perceived as a typically female attribute, while agency is commonly perceived as being a male attribute (Eagly and Wood 1999, 2012; Koenig et al.”
Background
Gender at Work Across Nations: Men and Women Working in Male‐Dominated and Female‐Dominated Occupations are Differentially Associated with Agency and Communion
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Tempering agency with communion increases women's leadership emergence in all-women groups: Evidence for role congruity theory in a field setting
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Testing two mechanisms linking work-to-family conflict to individual consequences: do gender and gender role orientation make a difference?
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Gender Differences in the Prevalence and Correlates of Elder Abuse in a Community-Dwelling Older Population in Korea
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“Men as the breadwinners tend to engage in marketable activities, whereas women tend to play a social role as a homemaker by engaging in domestic and supportive behaviors such as childcare, cooking, and sewing [33].”
Background
Geschlechtsstereotype: wie sie entstehen und sich auswirken
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Scientific Eminence
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“…norms and personal identities that reflect gender roles enable the normative and self-regulatory processes that underlie phenomena such as conformity, stereotype threat, and backlash against female agency, which in turn can affect success as a scientist (Eagly & Wood, 2012; Wood & Eagly, 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
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“According to social role theory (Eagly & Wood, 2012), because historically men have engaged in paid employment, while women have engaged in more domestic work (Shelton, 1992), people perceive men as being agentic (e.g., assertive, ambitious, and competitive) and women as being communal (e.g., warm,…”
BackgroundMethod
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“Gender stereotypes are popular overgeneralized beliefs regarding supposedly typical traits of each gender (Eagly and Wood, 2012).”
Background
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“Consistent with the assumptions of social role theory (e.g., Eagly & Wood, 2012; Wood & Eagly, 2012), this variability emerges through the mediation of active, constructive processes by which people react to the contingencies that they perceive in their current and anticipated future environments.”
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Background
Exploring the Sex Difference in Affective Motivation to Lead
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Authors: Eagly, A. H., & Wood, W.
Affiliations: Northwestern University (US)
University of Southern California (US)
ORCID: Eagly, Alice H.
Wood, Wendy
Venue: Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology
Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd
Published: 2012-10-11
Pages: 458-476
DOI: 10.4135/9781446249222.n49
OpenAlex: W2421935140
Cited by: 1,853
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 387 · 2025: 386 · 2024: 248 · 2023: 219 · 2022: 136 · 2021: 125 · 2020: 107 · 2019: 82 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 93.43
Type: book chapter
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Keywords: social role theory, sex differences in behavior, gender stereotypes, gender role beliefs, gender socialization, gender roles, industrial society

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