Impact of obesity on male fertility, sperm function and molecular composition
Open accessAbstract
Male obesity in reproductive-age men has nearly tripled in the past 30 y and coincides with an increase in male infertility worldwide. There is now emerging evidence that male obesity impacts negatively on male reproductive potential not only reducing sperm quality, but in particular altering the physical and molecular structure of germ cells in the testes and ultimately mature sperm. Recent data has shown that male obesity also impairs offspring metabolic and reproductive health suggesting that paternal health cues are transmitted to the next generation with the mediator mostly likely occurring via the sperm. Interestingly the molecular profile of germ cells in the testes and sperm from obese males is altered with changes to epigenetic modifiers. The increasing prevalence of male obesity calls for better public health awareness at the time of conception, with a better understanding of the molecular mechanism involved during spermatogenesis required along with the potential of interventions in reversing these deleterious effects. This review will focus on how male obesity affects fertility and sperm quality with a focus on proposed mechanisms and the potential reversibility of these adverse effects.
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In men, obesity is a cause of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism resulting in spermatogenesis disturbances and erectile dysfunction.
“In men, obesity is a cause of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism resulting in spermatogenesis disturbances and erectile dysfunction.121–123”
From Definition and diagnostic criteria of clinical obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [123]
The 'Male Obesity and Altered Hormone Profiles' section links higher BMI with altered reproductive hormones and reduced sperm counts, but describes obesity-related disruption of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis as a hypothesis rather than establishing hypogonadotropic hypogonadism as its consequence. 'Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome and Fertility' also cautions that obesity may not directly cause reduced sperm counts. The paper passages found do not support the erectile-dysfunction part of the claim (searched: erectile dysfunction, sexual dysfunction). (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMen with obesity have elevated rates of erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms.
“Men with obesity have elevated rates of erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms.123”
From Definition and diagnostic criteria of clinical obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [123]
The ‘Male Obesity and Altered Hormone Profiles’ and ‘Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome and Fertility’ sections discuss testosterone, sperm counts, and fertility, not rates of erectile dysfunction or lower urinary tract symptoms. Searches for both symptoms and related terms found no passage in our copy addressing the claimed rates. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Palmer, N. O., Bakos, H. W., Fullston, T., & Lane, M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Lane, Michelle
- Venue
- Spermatogenesis
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2012-10
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 253-263
- ISSN
- 2156-5554 (ISSN-L)
- 2156-5562
- PMC
- PMC3521747
- OpenAlex
- W2039820453
- Cited by
- 403
- References
- 162
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 7
- FWCI
- 17.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Spermatogenesis (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Reproductive biology and impacts on aquatic species
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Keywords
- male obesity, male infertility, semen quality, sperm function, germ cells, testis, epigenetic regulators, offspring metabolic health
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