Predictive Factors for Impaired Mental Health among Medical Students during the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Morocco
Open accessAbstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has great consequences on mental health. We aimed to assess medical students’ psychological condition and influencing factors as a baseline evidence for interventions promoting their mental wellbeing. We conducted an online survey from April 8 to April 18, 2020 to examine the mental health of medical students by the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire, seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, seven-item Insomnia Severity Index, and six-item Kessler psychological distress scale. Factors associated with mental health outcomes were identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis. Five hundred forty-nine students completed the survey; 341 (62.3%), 410 (74.6%), 344 (62.6%), and 379 (69%) reported anxiety, depression, insomnia, and distress, respectively. Female students, living in high COVID-19 prevalence locations, more than 25 days confinement, psychiatric consult history, and being in a preclinical level of studies had higher median scores and severe symptom levels. Multivariable logistic regression showed female gender as a risk factor for severe symptoms of anxiety (odds ratio [OR]: 1.653; 95% CI: 1.020–2.679;P= 0.042), depression (OR: 2.167; 95% CI: 1.435–3.271;P< 0.001), insomnia (OR: 1.830; 95% CI: 1.176–2.847;P= 0.007), and distress (OR: 1.994; 95% CI: 1.338–2.972;P= 0.001); preclinical level of enrollment as a risk factor for depression (OR: 0.679; 95% CI: 0.521–0.885;P= 0.004), insomnia (OR: 0.720; 95% CI: 0.545–0.949;P= 0.02), and distress (OR: 0.650; 95% CI: 0.499–0.847;P= 0.001), whereas living in high COVID-19 prevalence locations was a risk factor for severe anxiety (OR: 1.628; 95% CI: 1.090–2.432;P= 0.017) and depression (OR: 1.438; 95% CI: 1.002–2.097;P= 0.05). Currently, medical students experience high levels of mental health symptoms, especially female students, those at a preclinical level and living in regions with a high prevalence of COVID-19 cases. Screening for mental health issues, psychological support, and long-term follow-up could alleviate the burden and protect future physicians.
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Covid-19 has had a drastic impact on the population's mental health, including medical students.
“Moreover, Covid-19 has had a drastic impact on the population’s mental health [40–43], including medical students [44–48].”
From Effectiveness of online mindfulness interventions on medical students’ mental health: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [47]
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- Authors
- Essangri, H., Sabir, M., Benkabbou, A., Majbar, M. A., Amrani, L., Ghannam, A., Lekehal, B., Mohsine, R., & Souadka, A.
- Affiliations
- Mohammed V University (MA)
- 1Surgical Oncology Department, National Institute of Oncology, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco;
- Corresponding author
- Souadka, Amine
- ORCID
- Venue
- The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
- Published
- 2021-01-06
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 95-102
- ISSN
- 0002-9637 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-1645
- PMC
- PMC7790070
- OpenAlex
- W3101366325
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 23
- FWCI
- 7.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Keywords
- medical students, mental health, COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety, depression, insomnia, psychological distress, risk factors, gender differences, preclinical medical students, lockdown, Morocco, psychological well-being
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Morocco, Students, Medical, Young Adult
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