Cited by 114Child Nutrition and Water AccessWater Resource Management and QualityWater Treatment and Disinfection

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Evaluation of the Role of School Children in the Promotion of Point-of-Use Water Treatment and Handwashing in Schools and Households—Nyanza Province, Western Kenya, 2007

Open access

Blanton, Elizabeth, Ombeki, Sam, Oluoch, Gordon Otieno, Mwaki, Alex, Wannemuehler, Kathleen, Quick, Rob·2010·The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

DOI 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0422PMC PMC2844562

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

We installed drinking water and handwashing stations in 17 rural schools and trained teachers to promote water treatment and hygiene to pupils. We gave schools flocculent-disinfectant powder and hypochlorite solution for water treatment. We conducted a baseline water handling survey of pupils' parents from 17 schools and tested stored water for chlorine. We trained teachers and students about hygiene, installed water stations, and distributed instructional comic books to students. We conducted follow-up surveys and chlorine testing at 3 and 13 months. From baseline to 3-month follow-up, parental awareness of the flocculent-disinfectant increased (49–91%, P < 0.0001), awareness of hypochlorite remained high (93–92%), and household use of flocculent-disinfectant (1–7%, P < 0.0001) and hypochlorite (6–13%, P < 0.0001) increased, and were maintained after 13 months. Pupil absentee rates decreased after implementation by 26%. This school-based program resulted in pupil-to-parent knowledge transfer and significant increases in household water treatment practices that were sustained over 1 year.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0422

Cites

24 of 24 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Diffusion of Innovations 1
Rogers, E. M., Singhal, A., & Quinlan, M. M. (2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203710753-35 · Cited by 37,670
Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice
(1992) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-116-4-350_1 · Cited by 13,232
The Hawthorne Effect: a randomised, controlled trial
McCarney, R., Warner, J. P., Iliffe, S., van Haselen, R. A., Griffin, M., & Fisher, P. (2007) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-7-30 · Cited by 1,838
Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 1989
Kenya, & Std Control Programme (1989) · Cited by 1,756
Estimating child mortality due to diarrhoea in developing countries.
Boschi-Pinto, C., Velebit, L., & Shibuya, K. (2008) · Bulletin of the World Health Organization · doi:10.2471/blt.07.050054 · Cited by 733
Diffusion of innovations
Lockyer, J. (1997) · Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions · doi:10.1002/chp.4750170109 · Cited by 620
Increasing Coverage and Decreasing Inequity in Insecticide-Treated Bed Net Use among Rural Kenyan Children
Noor, A. M., Amin, A. A., Akhwale, W. S., & Snow, R. W. (2007) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040255 · Cited by 276
A CLUSTER-RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF A HANDWASHING-PROMOTION PROGRAM IN CHINESE PRIMARY SCHOOLS
BOWEN, A., MA, H., OU, J., BILLHIMER, W., LONG, T., MINTZ, E., HOEKSTRA, R. M., & LUBY, S. (2007) · The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2007.76.1166 · Cited by 208
Combining drinking water treatment and hand washing for diarrhoea prevention, a cluster randomised controlled trial
Luby, S. P., Agboatwalla, M., Painter, J., Altaf, A., Billhimer, W., Keswick, B., & Hoekstra, R. M. (2006) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01592.x · Cited by 173
Household based treatment of drinking water with flocculant-disinfectant for preventing diarrhoea in areas with turbid source water in rural western Kenya: cluster randomised controlled trial
Crump, J. A., Otieno, P. O., Slutsker, L., Keswick, B. H., Rosen, D. H., Hoekstra, R. M., VULULE, J. M., & Luby, S. P. (2005) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38512.618681.e0 · Cited by 164

Show all 24 references

Sorted by citations

Evaluating knowledge exchange in interdisciplinary and multi-stakeholder research
Fazey, I., Hardt, L., Msika, J., Pinke, M., Preedy, K. F., Evely, A. C., Lambert, E., Hastings, E., Morris, S., & Reed, M. S. (2014) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.12.012 · Cited by 335
Water and Sanitation in Schools: A Systematic Review of the Health and Educational Outcomes
Jasper, C., Le, T.-T., & Bartram, J. (2012) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph9082772 · Cited by 270
Assessing the impact of a school‐based water treatment, hygiene and sanitation programme on pupil absence in Nyanza Province, Kenya: a cluster‐randomized trial
Freeman, M. C., Greene, L. E., Dreibelbis, R., Saboori, S., Muga, R., Brumback, B., & Rheingans, R. (2012) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02927.x · Cited by 228
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in Schools in Low-Income Countries: A Review of Evidence of Impact
McMichael, C. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16030359 · Cited by 220
“3 Blanton et al.2010 [32] Kenya Before and after intervention study 17 schools (666 students at baseline) Installation of drinking water and hand-washing stations in schools; teacher training on WASH promotion; hygiene education for students; distribution of instructional comic books to students;…”
Background
The effectiveness of social marketing in global health: a systematic review
Firestone, R., Rowe, C. J., Modi, S. N., & Sievers, D. (2016) · Health Policy and Planning · doi:10.1093/heapol/czw088 · Cited by 176
Impact of a School-Based Hygiene Promotion and Sanitation Intervention on Pupil Hand Contamination in Western Kenya: A Cluster Randomized Trial
Greene, L. E., Freeman, M. C., Akoko, D., Saboori, S., Moe, C., & Rheingans, R. (2012) · The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0633 · Cited by 123
Impact of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Interventions on Improving Health Outcomes among School Children
Joshi, A., & Amadi, C. (2013) · Journal of Environmental and Public Health · doi:10.1155/2013/984626 · Cited by 113
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) Survey on Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Selected Schools in Vhembe District, Limpopo, South Africa
Sibiya, J., & Gumbo, J. R. (2013) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph10062282 · Cited by 105
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Conditions in Kenyan Rural Schools: Are Schools Meeting the Needs of Menstruating Girls?
Alexander, K., Oduor, C., Nyothach, E., Laserson, K., Amek, N., Eleveld, A., Mason, L., Rheingans, R., Beynon, C., Mohammed, A., et al. (2014) · Water · doi:10.3390/w6051453 · Cited by 90
Self-citation
‘Fit for school’ – a school-based water, sanitation and hygiene programme to improve child health: Results from a longitudinal study in Cambodia, Indonesia and Lao PDR
Duijster, D., Monse, B., Dimaisip-Nabuab, J., Djuharnoko, P., Heinrich-Weltzien, R., Hobdell, M., Kromeyer-Hauschild, K., Kunthearith, Y., Mijares-Majini, M. C., Siegmund, N., et al. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4203-1 · Cited by 86
Water, sanitation, and primary school attendance: A multi-level assessment of determinants of household-reported absence in Kenya
Dreibelbis, R., Greene, L. E., Freeman, M. C., Saboori, S., Chase, R. P., & Rheingans, R. (2013) · International Journal of Educational Development · doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2012.07.002 · Cited by 84
The Impact of School Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Interventions on the Health of Younger Siblings of Pupils: a Cluster-Randomized Trial in Kenya
Dreibelbis, R., Freeman, M. C., Greene, L. E., Saboori, S., & Rheingans, R. (2014) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301412 · Cited by 84
Systematic review of behavior change research on point-of-use water treatment interventions in countries categorized as low- to medium-development on the human development index
Fiebelkorn, A. P., Person, B., Quick, R. E., Vindigni, S. M., Jhung, M. A., Bowen, A. B., & Riley, P. L. (2012) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.02.011 · Cited by 77
Self-citation
Hand washing with soap and WASH educational intervention reduces under-five childhood diarrhoea incidence in Jigjiga District, Eastern Ethiopia: A community-based cluster randomized controlled trial
Hashi, A., Kumie, A., & Gasana, J. (2017) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.04.011 · Cited by 74
Impact of a Hygiene Curriculum and the Installation of Simple Handwashing and Drinking Water Stations in Rural Kenyan Primary Schools on Student Health and Hygiene Practices
Patel, M. K., Harris, J. R., Juliao, P., Nygren, B., Were, V., Kola, S., Sadumah, I., Faith, S. H., Otieno, R., Obure, A., et al. (2012) · The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0494 · Cited by 73
Self-citation
Assessing the impact of a school‐based latrine cleaning and handwashing program on pupil absence in Nyanza Province, Kenya: a cluster‐randomized trial
Caruso, B. A., Freeman, M. C., Garn, J. V., Dreibelbis, R., Saboori, S., Muga, R., & Rheingans, R. (2014) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1111/tmi.12360 · Cited by 72
A cluster-randomized trial assessing the impact of school water, sanitation and hygiene improvements on pupil enrolment and gender parity in enrolment
Garn, J. V., Greene, L. E., Dreibelbis, R., Saboori, S., Rheingans, R. D., & Freeman, M. C. (2013) · Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development · doi:10.2166/washdev.2013.217 · Cited by 71
Effectiveness of Peer-Based Healthy Living Lesson Plans on Anthropometric Measures and Physical Activity in Elementary School Students
Santos, R. G., Durksen, A., Rabbani, R., Chanoine, J., Miln, A. L., Mayer, T., & McGavock, J. (2014) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.3688 · Cited by 73
Impact Evaluation of Training Natural Leaders during a Community-Led Total Sanitation Intervention: A Cluster-Randomized Field Trial in Ghana
Crocker, J., Abodoo, E., Asamani, D., Domapielle, W., Gyapong, B., & Bartram, J. (2016) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b01557 · Cited by 66
Teachers and Sanitation Promotion: An Assessment of Community-Led Total Sanitation in Ethiopia
Crocker, J., Geremew, A., Atalie, F., Yetie, M., & Bartram, J. (2016) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b01021 · Cited by 70
Untitled work
(2011) · UCL Discovery (University College London)
Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene in Schools in Low Socio-Economic Regions in Nicaragua: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Jordanova, T., Cronk, R., Obando, W., Medina, O., Kinoshita, R., & Bartram, J. (2015) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph120606197 · Cited by 62
A systematic review of hand-hygiene and environmental-disinfection interventions in settings with children
Staniford, L. J., & Schmidtke, K. A. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-8301-0 · Cited by 78
Handwashing among schoolchildren in an ethnically diverse population in northern rural Vietnam
Xuan, L. T. T., & Hoat, L. N. (2013) · Global Health Action · doi:10.3402/gha.v6i0.18869 · Cited by 62
Improving service delivery of water, sanitation, and hygiene in primary schools: a cluster-randomized trial in western Kenya
Alexander, K. T., Dreibelbis, R., Freeman, M. C., Ojeny, B., & Rheingans, R. (2013) · Journal of Water and Health · doi:10.2166/wh.2013.213 · Cited by 59
Water Quality, Sanitation, and Hygiene Conditions in Schools and Households in Dolakha and Ramechhap Districts, Nepal: Results from A Cross-Sectional Survey
Shrestha, A., Sharma, S., Gerold, J., Erismann, S., Sagar, S., Koju, R., Schindler, C., Odermatt, P., Utzinger, J., & Cissé, G. (2017) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph14010089 · Cited by 59
Drinking Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene Promotion Interventions in Two Slum Communities in Central Uganda
Musoke, D., Ndejjo, R., Halage, A. A., Kasasa, S., Ssempebwa, J. C., & Carpenter, D. O. (2018) · Journal of Environmental and Public Health · doi:10.1155/2018/3710120 · Cited by 56
What research tells us about knowledge transfer strategies to improve public health in low-income countries: a scoping review
Siron, S., Dagenais, C., & Ridde, V. (2015) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s00038-015-0716-5 · Cited by 56
Household Water Treatment and the Millennium Development Goals: Keeping the Focus on Health
Clasen, T. (2010) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es1018674 · Cited by 53
Kenyan school book knowledge for water, sanitation, hygiene and health education interventions: Disconnect, integration or opportunities?
Anthonj, C., Githinji, S., Höser, C., Stein, A., Blanford, J. I., & Grossi, V. (2021) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113756 · Cited by 52
Promoting clean hands among children in Uganda: A school-based intervention using ‘tippy-taps’
Zhang, C., Mosa, A. J., Hayward, A., & Matthews, S. A. (2012) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2012.10.020 · Cited by 41
The Common Missed Handwashing Instances and Areas after 15 Years of Hand-Hygiene Education
Wong, J. S. W., & Lee, J. K. F. (2019) · Journal of Environmental and Public Health · doi:10.1155/2019/5928924 · Cited by 40
The Impact of a School-Based Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Intervention on Knowledge, Practices, and Diarrhoea Rates in the Philippines
Vally, H., McMichael, C., Doherty, C., Li, X., Guevarra, G., & Tobias, P. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16214056 · Cited by 38
Adoption of Point-of-Use Chlorination for Household Drinking Water Treatment: A Systematic Review
Crider, Y. S., Tsuchiya, M., Mukundwa, M., Ray, I., & Pickering, A. J. (2023) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp10839 · Cited by 43
Teaching handwashing with soap for schoolchildren in a multi-ethnic population in northern rural Vietnam
Xuan, L. T. T., Rheinländer, T., Hoat, L. N., Dalsgaard, A., & Konradsen, F. (2013) · Global Health Action · doi:10.3402/gha.v6i0.20288 · Cited by 36
Mapping and situation analysis of basic WASH facilities at households in Bangladesh: Evidence from a nationally representative survey
Ahmed, M. S., Islam, M. I., Das, M. C., Khan, A., & Yunus, F. M. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0259635 · Cited by 37
Impact of the Integration of Water Treatment and Handwashing Incentives with Antenatal Services on Hygiene Practices of Pregnant Women in Malawi
Sheth, A. N., Russo, E. T., Menon, M., Wannemuehler, K. A., Weinger, M., Kudzala, A. C., Tauzie, B., Masuku, H. D., Msowoya, T. E., & Quick, R. E. (2010) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0211 · Cited by 34
Self-citation
Assessing the impact of a school-based safe water intervention on household adoption of point-of-use water treatment practices in southern India.
Freeman, M., & Clasen, T. (2011) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0361 · Cited by 37
Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions: effects on child development in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Piper, J. D., Chandna, J., Allen, E., Linkman, K., Cumming, O., Prendergast, A., & Gladstone, M. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012613 · Cited by 35
Identifying behavioural determinants for interventions to increase handwashing practices among primary school children in rural Burundi and urban Zimbabwe
Seimetz, E., Slekiene, J., Friedrich, M., & Mosler, H. (2017) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-017-2599-4 · Cited by 34
The use of comics to promote health awareness: A template using nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Pagès, M. A. I., Azul, A. M., & Ramalho‐Santos, J. (2021) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/eci.13642 · Cited by 40
Can Simple Psychological Interventions Increase Preventive Health Investment?
John, A., & Orkin, K. (2021) · Journal of the European Economic Association · doi:10.1093/jeea/jvab052 · Cited by 32
Understanding the socioeconomic and environmental indicators of household water treatment in Nigeria
Abubakar, I. R. (2021) · Utilities Policy · doi:10.1016/j.jup.2021.101209 · Cited by 36
Determinants of Use of Household-level Water Chlorination Products in Rural Kenya, 2003–2005
DuBois, A. E., Crump, J. A., Keswick, B. H., Slutsker, L., Quick, R. E., VULULE, J. M., & Luby, S. P. (2010) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph7103842 · Cited by 32
Self-citation
Schoolgirls’ experiences of changing and disposal of menstrual hygiene items and inferences for WASH in schools
Cliff Oduor, C. O., Kelly T. Alexander, K. T. A., Kelvin Oruko, K. O., Elizabeth Nyothach, E. N., Linda Mason, L. M., Frank O. Odhiambo, F. O. O., John Vulule, J. V., Kayla F. Laserson, K. F. L., & Penelope A. Phillips-Howard, P. A. P.-H. (2015) · Waterlines · doi:10.3362/1756-3488.2015.037 · Cited by 32
Enhancing handwashing frequency and technique of primary caregivers in Harare, Zimbabwe: A cluster-randomized controlled trial using behavioral and microbial outcomes
Friedrich, M., Kappler, A. A., & Mosler, H. (2017) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.10.025 · Cited by 30
Caregiver Behavior Change for Child Survival and Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An Examination of the Evidence
Elder, J. P., Pequegnat, W., Ahmed, S., Bachman, G. L., Bullock, M., Carlo, W. A., Chandra‐Mouli, V., Fox, N. A., Harkness, S., Huebner, G., et al. (2014) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2014.940477 · Cited by 29
Improving Households Knowledge and Attitude on Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Practices through School Health Programme in Nyakach, Kisumu County in Western Kenya
Wasonga, J., Olang’o, C. O., & Kioli, F. N. (2014) · Journal of Anthropology · doi:10.1155/2014/958481 · Cited by 30
Effect of a School-Based Hygiene Behavior Change Campaign on Handwashing with Soap in Bihar, India: Cluster-Randomized Trial
Lewis, H., Greenland, K., Curtis, V., & Schmidt, W. (2018) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.18-0187 · Cited by 29
Enhancing a Safe Water Intervention with Student-Created Visual AIDS to Promote Handwashing Behavior in Kenyan Primary Schools
Graves, J. M., Daniell, W., Harris, J. R., Obure, A., & Quick, R. E. (2012) · International Quarterly of Community Health Education · doi:10.2190/iq.32.4.d · Cited by 26
Self-citation
Better Secondary Schooling Outcomes for Adolescents in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Projections of Cost-Effective Approaches
Wils, A., Sheehan, P. J., & Shi, H. (2019) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.03.024 · Cited by 23
Child Centred Approach to Climate Change and Health Adaptation through Schools in Bangladesh: A Cluster Randomised Intervention Trial
Kabir, M. I., Rahman, M. B., Smith, W. T., Lusha, M. A. F., & Milton, A. H. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134993 · Cited by 27
The potential of school-based WASH programming to support children as agents of change in rural Zambian households
Winter, J. C., Darmstadt, G. L., Lee, S. J., & Davis, J. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11824-3 · Cited by 22
Impact of Health Education on the Knowledge and Practice Regarding Personal Hygiene among Primary School Children in Urban Area of Karnataka, India
Shrestha, A., & Angolkar, M. (2014) · IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences · doi:10.9790/0853-13478689 · Cited by 21
Development and Evaluation of the Korean Health Literacy Instrument
Kang, S. J., Lee, T. W., Paasche‐Orlow, M. K., Kim, G. S., & Won, H. K. (2014) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2014.946113 · Cited by 21
A disruptive cue improves handwashing in school children in Zambia
Naluonde, T., Wakefield, C., Markle, L., Martin, A., Tresphor, C., Abdullah, R., & Larsen, D. A. (2018) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/day080 · Cited by 20
Review of the effects of adequate sanitary facilities on the participation and performance of the school girl child in Ghana
Jane, A., & Pienaah, C. K. A. (2023) · ISABB Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences · doi:10.5897/isaab-jhe2021.0073 · Cited by 21
Pilot of an Elementary School Cough Etiquette Intervention: Acceptability, Feasibility, and Potential for Sustainability
Sultana, F., Nizame, F. A., Southern, D. L., UNICOMB, L. E., WINCH, P. J., & Luby, S. P. (2017) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.16-0914 · Cited by 22
Effect of a novel hygiene intervention on older children's handwashing in a humanitarian setting in Kahda district, Somalia: A cluster-randomised controlled equivalence trial
Watson, J., Amon-Tanoh, M. A., Deola, C., Haji, M. A., Sheikh, M. R., Mohamud, F. A., Ali, S. Y., MacDougall, A. M., & Cumming, O. (2023) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114163 · Cited by 18
Water Treatment and Handwashing Behaviors among Non-Pregnant Friends and Relatives of Participants in an Antenatal Hygiene Promotion Program in Malawi
Russo, E. T., Sheth, A. N., Menon, M., Wannemuehler, K. A., Weinger, M., Kudzala, A. C., Tauzie, B., Masuku, H. D., Msowoya, T. E., & Quick, R. E. (2012) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0259 · Cited by 17
Self-citation
Socioeconomic predictors of access to improved water sources, sanitation facilities, and household water treatment in Nigeria
Azeez, O., Henderson-Mitchell, R. J., LaFevor, M. C., & Gregg, A. (2023) · Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development · doi:10.2166/washdev.2023.169 · Cited by 15
Evaluating four measures of water quality in clay pots and plastic safe storage containers in Kenya
Murphy, J. L., Ayers, T., Knee, J., Oremo, J., Odhiambo, A., Faith, S. H., Nyagol, R., Stauber, C., Lantagne, D., & Quick, R. E. (2016) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2016.08.022 · Cited by 14
Self-citation
Evaluating children’s handwashing in schools: an integrative review of indicative measures and measurement tools
Rutter, S., Macduff, C., Stones, C., & Escalada, M. G. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Health Research · doi:10.1080/09603123.2019.1625032 · Cited by 14
Handwashing for menstrual hygiene management among primary schoolgirls in rural western Kenya
Nyothach, E., Alexander, K., Oduor, C., Mason, L. M. L., Oruko, K., Odhiambo, F., VULULE, J. M., Laserson, K. F., & Phillips‐Howard, P. A. (2015) · Waterlines · doi:10.3362/1756-3488.2015.027 · Cited by 15
Evaluation of Student Handwashing Practices During a School-Based Hygiene Program in Rural Western Kenya, 2007
La Con, G., Schilling, K., Harris, J., Person, B., Owuor, M., Ogange, L., Faith, S., & Quick, R. (2017) · International Quarterly of Community Health Education · doi:10.1177/0272684x17701263 · Cited by 13
Self-citation
Developing the UNICEF Malawi School Handwashing Program
Parkinson, J., Mkandawire, P., Dietrich, T., Badejo, A., Kadir, M., & Tembo, V. (2018) · Social Marketing Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1524500418766355 · Cited by 13
The Price of Purity: Willingness to Pay for Air and Water Purification Technologies in Rajasthan, India
Shannon, A. K., Usmani, F., Pattanayak, S. K., & Jeuland, M. (2018) · Environmental and Resource Economics · doi:10.1007/s10640-018-0290-4 · Cited by 12
Effectiveness of a training program on improving the hand washing among children in primary schools
Moussa, M. M. M., Abdella, N. H. A., Abu-Elenen, N. R. M., & Elkazaz, R. H. (2015) · International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies · doi:10.14419/ijans.v4i2.4447 · Cited by 11
Teacher Perspectives on Implementing and Sustaining a Handwashing Promotion Intervention in Western Kenyan Primary Schools
Graves, J. M., Finsness, E. D., Quick, R. E., Nyando Integrated Child Health and Education Project (NICHE) Study Team, Harris, J. R., & Daniell, W. (2014) · International Quarterly of Community Health Education · doi:10.2190/iq.34.2.d · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Piloting a Shared Source Water Treatment Intervention among Elementary Schools in Bangladesh
Yeasmin, F., Sultana, F., UNICOMB, L. E., Nizame, F. A., Rahman, M. M., Kabir, H., WINCH, P. J., & Luby, S. P. (2019) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.18-0984 · Cited by 8
Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage
Spiridon, Ş. I., Ionete, E. I., & Ionete, R. E. (2021) · Advanced sciences and technologies for security applications · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-76008-3_21 · Cited by 9
Community water supply improvement and wellbeing: A pre-post photovoice intervention study in Kenya
Bisung, E., & Elliott, S. J. (2019) · Habitat International · doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2019.01.005 · Cited by 8
Analytical utility of the JMP school water, sanitation and hygiene global monitoring data
Hamlet, L. C., & Kaminsky, J. (2022) · Nature Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s41893-022-01005-4 · Cited by 8
Predicting affective and cognitive learning outcomes: A quantitative analysis using climate change vectors
Ofem, U. J., Nworgwugwu, E. C., Ovat, S. V., Anake, P. M., Ntui, A. N., Udeh, M. I., & Undie, R. A. (2024) · Eurasian Journal of Science and Environmental Education · doi:10.30935/ejsee/14405 · Cited by 8
Integrating Water Treatment into Antenatal Care: Impact on Use of Maternal Health Services and Household Water Treatment by Mothers—Rural Uganda, 2013
Matanock, A. M., Anderson, T. C., Ayers, T., Likicho, L., Wamimbi, R., Lü, X., Emeetai, T., Kakande, C., Mutabazi, M., & Quick, R. E. (2016) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.15-0356 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Impact assessment of WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) interventions in schools
Pandey, D. (2020) · Indian Journal of Science and Technology · doi:10.17485/ijst/v13i32.462 · Cited by 4
The usage of urinals in Kenyan schools
Freeman, M. F. M., Snel, M., Yousif, M. E.-F. Y. M. E.-F., Gitahi, S. G. S., Khan, F. K. F., Wachira, S., & Krukkert, I. K. I. (2012) · Waterlines · doi:10.3362/1756-3488.2012.023 · Cited by 5
A cluster-randomised controlled equivalence trial of the Surprise Soap handwashing intervention among older children living in a refugee settlement in Sudan
Watson, J., Osman, I. M.-E., Amon-Tanoh, M. A., Deola, C., MacDougall, A. M., & Cumming, O. (2023) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012633 · Cited by 4
Assessment of the Sustainability of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene on Educational Institution: A Case Study of Rajshahi City Corporation
Afroz, F., Hossain, S., & Rimi, R. A. (2021) · Lecture notes in civil engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-5501-2_29 · Cited by 4
Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene in Parts of Lagos Metropolis
Akoteyon, I., & Otusanya, O. (2023) · Ghana Journal of Geography · doi:10.4314/gjg.v15i1.6 · Cited by 4
Minimization of Illness Absenteeism in Primary School Students Using Low-Cost Hygiene InterventionsPreprint
Tambekar, D. H., & Shirsat, S. (2012) · CogPrints (University of Southampton) · Cited by 4
Does school water, sanitation, and hygiene (SWASH) infrastructure affect school attendance and completion? Reviewing data evidence from mainland Tanzania
Silva-Leander, S. (2025) · Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development · doi:10.2166/washdev.2025.221 · Cited by 3
Hygiene Awareness; Improving School Attendance and Participation in Kenya
Njau, S. T. (2016) · Universal Journal of Public Health · doi:10.13189/ujph.2016.040203 · Cited by 3
Importance of Personal Hygiene Techniques in Public Health
Holt, G. R. (2011) · Southern Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/smj.0b013e31823c4259 · Cited by 3
Assessment of Soil Transmitted Helminth Infection (STHI) in School Children, Risk Factors, Interactions and Environmental Control in El Salvador.
Malavade, S. S. (2015) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · Cited by 3
An exploratory investigation into the status of water, sanitation and hygiene (wash) of schools in Enugu State, Nigeria
Nnaji, C. C. (2023) · Nigerian Journal of Technology · doi:10.4314/njt.v42i3.15 · Cited by 4
Improving Access to Safe Water in Rural Schools of Kenya: Qualitative Multisectoral Insights
Kirira, P., Oyatsi, F., Waudo, A., & Mbugua, S. M. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.49174 · Cited by 4
Effectiveness of water, sanitation, hygiene, and nutritional interventions to reduce pathogenic infections and improve nutritional status in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial
Pradana, F. J. P., Kaizar, H. A., & Kaizar, H. A. (2024) · Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development · doi:10.2166/washdev.2024.203 · Cited by 4
Nongovernmental Organization Practitioners’ Perspectives on the Challenges and Solutions to Changing Handwashing Behavior in Older Children: A Qualitative Study
Watson, J., Cumming, O., & Dreibelbis, R. (2023) · Global Health Science and Practice · doi:10.9745/ghsp-d-22-00231 · Cited by 4
Child to parent education in prevention of acute respiratory in-fections in rural school under rural health training center
Mutalik, A. V., & Raje, V. (2017) · Public Health Review International Journal of Public Health Research · doi:10.17511/ijphr.2017.i5.01 · Cited by 2
Behavioral patterns in latrine use and handwashing in rural western Kenya: Age, time of day, and the role of perceived safety
Tamari, N., Brown, H. E., Sedda, L., Christopherson, G. L., Ellingson, K., Munga, S., & Ernst, K. C. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0345954 · Cited by 1
Assessing the Status and Effects of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (Wash) in Senior High Schools in the Assin South District
Tudagbe-Obour, I. (2021) · doi:10.31058/j.edu.2021.42002 · Cited by 1
Determinants of water, sanitation and hygiene related morbidity among primary school children in mathare informal settlement, Nairobi County, Kenya.
Waruingi, R. N. (2015) · Kenyatta University Institutional Repository (Kenyatta University) · Cited by 1
The Impact Of Community-Based Training Outreach In Improving Water Quality, Health, And Sanitation In Kenya
Ntaoti, L. M. (2019) · doi:10.30707/etd2019.ntaoti.l · Cited by 1
Examining Water Use and Sanitation Practices in Rural Schools of Chegutu District, Mashonaland West Province, ZimbabwePreprint
Chipatiso, E. (2024) · Qeios · doi:10.32388/w5dko4
Effect of the Expanded Program on Immunization Contact Method of Data Collection on Health Behaviors in Mali
Wei, S., Eng, J. V., Patterson, A., Doumbia, S., Kleinbaum, D. G., Ryman, T. K., Touré, M., & McMorrow, M. (2012) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jir798
Saúde escolar no ensino fundamental: subsídios para a prevenção e controle da infecção
Pedrosa, D. F. A. (2015) · doi:10.11606/t.22.2015.tde-09102015-161452
Water Management in Kenya: Toward an Ethic of Sustainability
Hooper, L. (2014) · Journal of Scientific Research and Reports · doi:10.9734/jsrr/2014/9178
EFFECTS OF DROUGHT RELATED FACTORS ON PUPILS' PARTICIPATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN THARAKA SOUTH SUB COUNTY, THARAKA NITHI COUNTY, KENYA
M`Nyiri, I. M. (2014) · University of Nairobi Research Archive (University of Nairobi)
Research Summary: Roles & Responsibilities Pilot January-November 2011
Trinies, V., & Dreibelbis, R. (2012)

Authors: Blanton, E., Ombeki, S., Oluoch, G. O., Mwaki, A., Wannemuehler, K., & Quick, R.
Affiliations: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
Corresponding author: Blanton, Elizabeth
ORCID: Mwaki, Alex
Wannemuehler, Kathleen
Venue: The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Publisher: American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Published: 2010-04
Volume: 82
Issue: 4
Pages: 664-671
ISSN: 0002-9637 (ISSN-L)
1476-1645
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0422
PMC: PMC2844562
OpenAlex: W2166137638
Cited by: 114
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 8.19
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Water Resource Management and Quality
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Water Treatment and Disinfection
Keywords: household water treatment, hand washing, hypochlorite, stored drinking water, residual chlorine, teacher professional development, school absenteeism, rural schools, Nyanza Province
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Child, Data Collection, Disinfectants, Female, Hand Disinfection, Humans, Kenya, Male, Parent-Child Relations, School Health Services, Schools, Time Factors, Water Purification, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Evaluation of the Role of School Children in the Promotion of Point-of-Use Water Treatment and Handwashing in Schools and Households—Nyanza Province, Western Kenya, 2007

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks