Relationship between SSRIs and Metabolic Syndrome Abnormalities in Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Prospective Study
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OBJECTIVE: SSRIs are some of the most widely prescribed medications in the world. In addition to their effectiveness, SSRIs were reported to be associated with the side effects of weight gain, sexual dysfunction, drug interactions, extrapyramidal symptoms and discontinuation symptoms. However, the effects of SSRIs on metabolic parameters are poorly understood. METHODS: This study aims to describe the effects of SSRIs on the metabolic parameters of drug-naive first episode patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Ninety-seven female patients aged 20-41 years without any metabolic or psychiatric comorbidity were included in the study. Fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram and escitalopram were randomly given to the patients. Metabolic parameters, including BMI, waist circumference and the levels of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL and blood pressure, were measured before and after 16 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: In the paroxetine group, there was a significant increase in the parameters of weight, BMI, waist circumference, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride after 16 weeks of treatment. There were significant increases in the levels of triglyceride in the citalopram and escitalopram groups. In the sertraline group, the total cholesterol level increased after treatment. In the fluoxetine group, there were significant reductions in the parameters of weight, total cholesterol and triglyceride. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this study is the first to prospectively describe metabolic syndrome abnormalities in patients with first episode generalized anxiety disorder. Although the effectiveness of the different SSRIs is similar, clinicians should be more careful when prescribing SSRIs to patients who have cardiac risk factors. Larger and lengthier controlled clinical trials are needed to explore the associations between SSRI use and metabolic syndrome.
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A number of studies revealed an increase in TC, TGs, and LDL in the blood of depressed patients following treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
“Thus, a number of studies revealed an increase in the level of TC, concentration of TGs, and LDL in the blood of depressed patients following treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [143,147,148,149].”
From Lipids in Psychiatric Disorders: Functional and Potential Diagnostic Role as Blood Biomarkers (2024) · cites this paper as [148]
Many studies have shown that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have a negative effect on fat metabolism, contrary to the previously assumed absence of such an effect.
“Despite the previously assumed absence of a pronounced negative effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on fat metabolism, many studies have shown the opposite.”
From Lipids in Psychiatric Disorders: Functional and Potential Diagnostic Role as Blood Biomarkers (2024) · cites this paper as [148]
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- Authors
- Beyazyüz, M., Albayrak, Y., Eğilmez, O. B., Albayrak, N., & Beyazyüz, E.
- Affiliations
- Ministry of Health (TR)
- Kırklareli State Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Kırklareli, Turkey.
- Adıyaman Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi (TR)
- Ankara Numune Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi (TR)
- Corresponding author
- Albayrak, Yakup
- Venue
- Psychiatry Investigation
- Publisher
- Korean Neuropsychiatric Association
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 148
- ISSN
- 1738-3684 (ISSN-L)
- 1976-3026
- PMC
- PMC3687049
- OpenAlex
- W2026410503
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 4.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Psychiatry Investigation (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Keywords
- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, metabolic syndrome, generalized anxiety disorder, paroxetine, fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram, weight gain, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, triglycerides, cholesterol, blood pressure, adverse drug reactions
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