Qualitative data analysis for applied policy research

“29 We used Quirkos version 2.5.2 (Quirkos Software, Edinburgh, Scotland) for data management and coding.”

“Framework analysis provided a focused yet flexible and repeatable procedure and includes five steps: 1) familiarisation, 2) identifying a coding framework, 3) indexing, 4) charting and 5) mapping and interpretation (Ritchie & Spencer, 1994).”

“20, and through the "Ritchie and Spencer" method, the final modules were determined as follows after the group discussion (Table 3): In the following, we will examine the main modules (main themes) and some of the essential sub-modules(themes) of accreditation of small hospitals.”

“The framework analysis [63] will be performed via a deductive process, including five key steps: (1) familiarizing the data, (2) developing a coding scheme, (3) condensing and structuring the data, (4) rearranging the coded data and comparing patterns, and (5) mapping and interpretation [64].”

“…analysis technique is a deductive technique that seeks to interpret the corpus based on a double reduction process consisting of five steps: familiarization, thematic framework identification, indexing (first reduction), charting (second reduction), and interpretation (Ritchie & Spencer, 1994).”

“Ritchie and Spencer’s Thematic Analysis Framework was used to analyse each focus group and interview session [78].”

“Step Description (After Ritchie’s and Spencer’s Approach 14 )”

“Data and fieldnotes were analysed deductively using a framework approach [41].”

“Organizational policies must address these systemic constraints by ensuring safe staffing levels, supporting nurse autonomy within escalation protocols, and providing clear, unambiguous guidelines on whom to contact for help [22].”

“Za obradu podataka korištena je metoda analize okvira koja se razvila u kontekstu istraživanja javnih (socijalnih, zdravstvenih i dr.) primijenjenih politika radi dobiva-nja značajnih uvida i preporuka za poboljšanje prakse u kraćem vremenu (Ritchie i Spencer, 1994.).”

“The data analysis began with the first stage that of familiarization which refers to the process during which the researcher becomes familiarized with the transcripts of the data collected (i.e., focus group transcripts) and gains an indication of the collected data (Ritchie and Spencer 1994).”

“At this stage, this study followed the basic data management steps proposed by Ritchie and Spencer (1994).”

“These cross-case explorations supported a frequency analysis similar to the charting steps in traditional framework analysis [41], wherein the most salient meth-and sexuality-specific events were catalogued.”

“Interviews with staff, children, and mental health professionals were audio and video recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using NatCen Framework Analysis methodology [25,26] in Nvivo 14 (Lumivero) [27].”

“28 Following Lambert and Loiselle’s approach, 29 the interviews’ and focus groups’ datasets were initially analysed separately by the first author (although codes and themes were refined and discussed iteratively between both authors).”

“This stage aims to move beyond data management towards understanding it (Parkinson et al., 2016; Ritchie et al., 1994).”

“We used framework analysis methods to sort the data and identify initial patterns [25].”

“Interviews and discussions were transcribed and analyzed following the framework analysis of Ritchie and Spencer [43].”

“The framework approach is a widely used and highly regarded approach to qualitative data analysis that can help provide valuable insights into complex social phenomena (Ritchie & Spencer, 1993).”

“Quality data analysis was conducted using the five steps of framework analysis suggested by Ritchie and Spencer 10-11) , but”

“Interviews will be transcribed and analyzed using Framework Analysis [14] which is well suited to this context because we have specific questions, an awareness of potential issues, and a pre-designed sample.”

“De open antwoorden zijn in zes stappen gecodeerd met behulp van de framework-methode [17]: 1) ken-nismaking met de data, 2) codering, 3) ontwikkelen van een werkend analytisch kader, 4) toepassen van het analytisch kader, 5) in kaart brengen van de data in de framework-matrix , 6) interpreteren van…”

“A content analysis of them was carried out, complying with the seven stages of framework approach described by Ritchie and Spencer, and Gale et al , 19,20 AP and JR had previous experience in qualitative research studies.”

“Congruently, analysis of the interviews followed the thematic analysis technique as suggested by Ritchie and Spencer (2002).”