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The Immune System in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Open accessAbstract
The potential relevance of systemic and gastrointestinal immune activation in the pathophysiology and symptom generation in the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is supported by a number of observations. Infectious gastroenteritis is the strongest risk factor for the development of IBS and increased rates of IBS-like symptoms have been detected in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in remission or in celiac disease patients on a gluten free diet. The number of T cells and mast cells in the small and large intestine of patients with IBS is increased in a large proportion of patients with IBS over healthy controls. Mediators released by immune cells and likely from other non-immune competent cells impact on the function of enteric and sensory afferent nerves as well as on epithelial tight junctions controlling mucosal barrier of recipient animals, isolated human gut tissues or cell culture systems. Antibodies against microbiota antigens (bacterial flagellin), and increased levels of cytokines have been detected systemically in the peripheral blood advocating the existence of abnormal host-microbial interactions and systemic immune responses. Nonetheless, there is wide overlap of data obtained in healthy controls; in addition, the subsets of patients showing immune activation have yet to be clearly identified. Gender, age, geographic differences, genetic predisposition, diet and differences in the intestinal microbiota likely play a role and further research has to be done to clarify their relevance as potential mechanisms in the described immune system dysregulation. Immune activation has stimulated interest for the potential identification of biomarkers useful for clinical and research purposes and the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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“These mediators may alter nociceptive pathways in IBS115 or increase intestinal permeability116.”
From The gut Microbiome in adult and pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders (2019) · cites this paper as [116]
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Current Status of Translational Research on Irritable Bowel Syndrome
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“하지만 점막의 면역세포 수는 모든 과민성장증후군에서 증가하는 것은 아니며, 약 절반에서만 면역세포의 활성화가 증가하는 것으로 보고되었다.(12) 과민성장증후군 환자의 대장 조직 내에서 높은 비만세포 탈 과립반응이 관찰되었으며,(13) 다”
Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and bone health: data from a population-based sample of men
Cleminson, J. R., Pasco, J. A., Bortolasci, C. C., Holloway‐Kew, K. L., Hodge, J. M., Anderson, K. B., Kotowicz, M. A., Samarasinghe, R. M., & Williams, L. J. (2022) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-022-06602-9 · Cited by 2
“Proposed mechanisms that may contribute to BMD loss in individuals with intestinal permeability and irritable bowel syndrome include inflammation, through increased circulating cytokine levels including IL-1β, − 6, and − 8, and TNF-α [53].”
BackgroundThe Role of Yeast Probiotics in Gastrointestinal Conditions: An Overview
Puri, A. S. (2023) · Journal of the Association of Physicians of India · doi:10.5005/japi-11001-0235 · Cited by 2
Visceral Pain: From Bench to Bedside
Elsenbruch, S., & Benson, S. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805408-6.00019-1 · Cited by 2
Gut microbiota in regulation of neuromuscular coordination
Roy, S., Chakraborty, B., & Choudhury, L. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33351-4.00024-6 · Cited by 1
Understanding the Pathophysiology of IBS
Barbara, G., Dolci, M., Cremon, C., Barbaro, M., Bellacosa, L., Fucili, A., & Stanghellini, V. (2013) · EMJ Gastroenterology · doi:10.33590/emjgastroenterol/10314657 · Cited by 1
Self-citationInflammation as a Potential Therapeutic Target in IBS
Chira, A., Chira, R. I., & Dumitrascu, D. L. (2016) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/66193
Dietary Patterns, Foods and Fiber in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Diverticular Disease
Dreher, M. L. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59180-3_6 · Cited by 1
The Emerging Role of Microbiome–Gut–Brain Axis in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Skonieczna‐Żydecka, K., Łoniewski, I., Koulaouzidis, A., & Marlicz, W. M. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815249-2.00026-9 · Cited by 1
Probiotics and Prebiotics on Intestinal Flora and Gut Health
Peng, M., Kennedy, N.-F., Truong, A., Arriola, B., & Akmel, A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-47384-6_4 · Cited by 1
Quantitation of Colonic Cells as Severity Markers in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Miri, M. B., Sadeghi, A., Moradi, A., Rostami‐Nejad, M., Ehsani-Ardekani, M.-J., Asadzadeh‐Aghdaei, H., Safari, M. T., & Zali, M. R. (2018) · Galen Medical Journal · doi:10.31661/gmj.v7i0.1063 · Cited by 1
Clinical correlation between serum vitamin D level and Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Ali, S. S. M., Kamal, I. M., Zaki, Z., & El-Sayed, A. (2022) · Minia Journal of Medical Research · doi:10.21608/mjmr.2022.260672 · Cited by 1
“" World journal of gastroenterology: WJG 20(10): 2456.”
BackgroundVerma, N., Arora, A., Wal, A., Singh, C., Shankara, R. K., Singh, B., & Sharma, M. C. (2025) · Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews · doi:10.2174/0126660822325668241118073750 · Cited by 1
Veränderungen der Darm-Gehirn-Achse beim Reizdarmsyndrom – Ein Update
Kühne, S. G., & Stengel, A. (2019) · Erfahrungsheilkunde · doi:10.1055/a-1008-7780 · Cited by 1
“[40] Barbara G, Cremon C, Carini G et al.”
BackgroundJovani, M., Fiorino, G., & Danese, S. (2012) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.12136 · Cited by 1
“Evidence for this is multifaceted.(3) There are greater numbers of mucosal-type mast-cells, T-type and intraepithelial lymphocytes with altered tryptase, histamine and cytokine production from innateimmunity cells in the gut of IBS patients than in healthy controls.”
BackgroundStrindmo, I. (2016) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives · Cited by 1
TheIn vivoFoundations forIn vitroTesting of Functional Foods
McDonald, E., Rasmussen, H. E., Forsyth, C. B., & Keshavarzian, A. (2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118823309.ch2 · Cited by 2
Komplementärmedizin im Krankenhaus: Strategien, Konzepte, Umsetzung
Hoefert, H.-W., & Michalsen, A. (2014) · Medizinisch Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft eBooks · doi:10.32745/9783954664573 · Cited by 1
Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Grundmann, O. (2013) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research
Barbalho, S. M., Goulart, R. A., & Gasparini, R. G. (2015)
van Megen, F. (2014) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Sinagra, E., Rossi, F., Raimondo, D., Pietra, C., Pisciotto, P., Pompei, G., Tomasello, G., Cappello, F., Morreale, G. C., Amvrosiadis, G., et al. (2016)
Vara, E. J. (2014) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Fiber and Low FODMAP Diets in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Dreher, M. L. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-50557-2_6
Vitamin D and Quality of Life of Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Abbasnezhad, A., & Choghakhori, R. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814468-8.00007-7
Komplementärmedizin in der Gastroenterologie
Hoefert, H.-W. (2014) · Medizinisch Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft eBooks · doi:10.32745/9783954664573-1.1
OBSOLETE: Visceral Pain: From Bench to Bedside
Elsenbruch, S. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.00019-5
The control of the intestinal epithelium integrity in irritable bowel syndrome patients
Szczepaniak, A., & Zielińska, M. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821324-7.00004-6
Physiology and Neurobiology of Stress and the Implications for Physical Health
Sivaprakash, B. (2014) · Annals of SBV · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10085-3105
Irritable bowel syndrome - a disorder of gut-brain interaction
Midenfjord, I. (2021) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University)
Louwies, T., & Meerveld, B. (2021) · Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820472-6.00037-2
Kawakami, T. (2020) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.736437714.793571859
Quantitation of Colonic Cells as Severity Markers in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Rostami‐Nejad, M., Miri, M. B., Sadeghi, A., Moradi, A., Ehsani-Ardekani, M.-J., Asadzadeh‐Aghdaei, H., Safari, M. T., & Zali, M. R. (2018) · Galen Medical Journal · doi:10.31661/gmj.v7i.1063
Xia, M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-9167-9_11
Mucosal Inflammation and Visceral Hypersensitivity in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Komori, K., Ihara, E., & Akiho, H. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-8410-3_6
Metadata
- Authors
- Barbara, G., Cremon, C., Carini, G., Bellacosa, L., Zecchi, L., Giorgio, R. D., Corinaldesi, R., & Stanghellini, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Bologna (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Barbara, Giovanni
- Venue
- Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
- Published
- 2011-10-31
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 349-359
- ISSN
- 2093-0879 (ISSN-L)
- 2093-0887
- PMC
- PMC3228974
- OpenAlex
- W2154410960
- Cited by
- 211
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 15.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Keywords
- irritable bowel syndrome, immune activation, gut microbiota, T cells, mast cells, enteric nerves, tight junctions, mucosal barrier, host-microbe interactions, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, gluten-free diet, infectious gastroenteritis, cytokines, biomarkers, immune dysregulation
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