The DOI matches its Crossref record; 91 of the 91 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Immune System in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Open accessAbstract
The potential relevance of systemic and gastrointestinal immune activation in the pathophysiology and symptom generation in the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is supported by a number of observations. Infectious gastroenteritis is the strongest risk factor for the development of IBS and increased rates of IBS-like symptoms have been detected in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in remission or in celiac disease patients on a gluten free diet. The number of T cells and mast cells in the small and large intestine of patients with IBS is increased in a large proportion of patients with IBS over healthy controls. Mediators released by immune cells and likely from other non-immune competent cells impact on the function of enteric and sensory afferent nerves as well as on epithelial tight junctions controlling mucosal barrier of recipient animals, isolated human gut tissues or cell culture systems. Antibodies against microbiota antigens (bacterial flagellin), and increased levels of cytokines have been detected systemically in the peripheral blood advocating the existence of abnormal host-microbial interactions and systemic immune responses. Nonetheless, there is wide overlap of data obtained in healthy controls; in addition, the subsets of patients showing immune activation have yet to be clearly identified. Gender, age, geographic differences, genetic predisposition, diet and differences in the intestinal microbiota likely play a role and further research has to be done to clarify their relevance as potential mechanisms in the described immune system dysregulation. Immune activation has stimulated interest for the potential identification of biomarkers useful for clinical and research purposes and the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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“These mediators may alter nociceptive pathways in IBS115 or increase intestinal permeability116.”
From The gut Microbiome in adult and pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders (2019) · cites this paper as [116]
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Citations
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“9 The registered PROSPERO protocol (CRD420251069483) provides a framework to formally test our findings against the global literature and examine the interaction between infectious burden and IBS pathophysiology on a larger scale.”
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Kim, J., Park, S. J., Huh, C., & Shin, C. H. (2026) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-026-11238-w
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Metadata
- Authors
- Barbara, G., Cremon, C., Carini, G., Bellacosa, L., Zecchi, L., Giorgio, R. D., Corinaldesi, R., & Stanghellini, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Bologna (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Barbara, Giovanni
- Venue
- Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
- Published
- 2011-10-31
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 349-359
- ISSN
- 2093-0879 (ISSN-L)
- 2093-0887
- PMC
- PMC3228974
- OpenAlex
- W2154410960
- Cited by
- 211
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 15.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Keywords
- irritable bowel syndrome, immune activation, gut microbiota, T cells, mast cells, enteric nerves, tight junctions, mucosal barrier, host-microbe interactions, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, gluten-free diet, infectious gastroenteritis, cytokines, biomarkers, immune dysregulation
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