The DOI matches its Crossref record; 270 of the 270 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sensemaking in Organizations: Taking Stock and Moving Forward
Abstract
Sensemaking is the process through which people work to understand issues or events that are novel, ambiguous, confusing, or in some other way violate expectations. As an activity central to organizing, sensemaking has been the subject of considerable research which has intensified over the last decade. We begin this review with a historical overview of the field, and develop a definition of sensemaking rooted in recurrent themes from the literature. We then review and integrate existing theory and research, focusing on two key bodies of work. The first explores how sensemaking is accomplished, unpacking the sensemaking process by examining how events become triggers for sensemaking, how intersubjective meaning is created, and the role of action in sensemaking. The second body considers how sensemaking enables the accomplishment of other key organizational processes, such organizational change, learning, and creativity and innovation. The final part of the chapter draws on areas of difference and debate highlighted throughout the review to discuss the implications of key tensions in the sensemaking literature, and identifies important theoretical and methodological opportunities for the field.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In a situation that causes high levels of uncertainty and feelings of vulnerability like the COVID-19 outbreak, people actively search for up-to-date information to fill the information gap and, thus, to make sense of the situation (Fischer-Preßler et al., 2019; Maitlis & Christianson, 2014).”
From Understanding user responses to the COVID-19 pandemic on Twitter from a terror management theory perspective: Cultural differences among the US, UK and India (2022) · cites this paper as Maitlis & Christianson, 2014
Citations
Cites
Case Study Research: Design and Methods
Chaiklin, H. (1991) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199102000-00025 · Cited by 39,535
James, W. (1913) · Henry Holt and Company eBooks · doi:10.1037/11059-000 · Cited by 25,226
A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
Festinger, L. (1957) · doi:10.1515/9781503620766 · Cited by 24,241
Theory Building From Cases: Opportunities And Challenges
Eisenhardt, K. M., & Graebner, M. E. (2007) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2007.24160888 · Cited by 16,670
The social construction of reality : a treatise in the sociology of knowledge
Simpson, G., Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1967) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2091739 · Cited by 16,462
Gioia, D. A., Mehra, A., & Weick, K. E. (1996) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/259169 · Cited by 15,614
(1969) · Virtual Defense Library (Ministerio de Defensa) · Cited by 10,735
Organizational Information Requirements, Media Richness and Structural Design
Daft, R. L., & Lengel, R. H. (1986) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.32.5.554 · Cited by 9,868
Culture in Action: Symbols and Strategies
Swidler, A. (1986) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095521 · Cited by 8,661
Organizing and the process of sensemaking
Weick, K. E., Sutcliffe, K. M., & Obstfeld, D. (2005) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1050.0133 · Cited by 6,943
Research works printed but not linked: 17
- Ancona D., 2011, The handbook for teaching leadership, 3
- Brown A. D., 2000, Academy of Management Review, 25, 102, 10.5465/amr.2000.2791605 · DOI · Paper page
- Colville I., 2013, Management Learning
- Daft R. L., 1984, Academy of Management Review, 9, 284, 10.5465/amr.1984.4277657 · DOI · Paper page
- Dewey J., 1922, Human nature and conduct
- 10.1177/014920639502100603 · DOI · Paper page
- LaPorte T. R., 1991, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 1, 19
- Leung A., 2013, Organization Studies
- 10.1111/j.1467-8551.2004.00407.x · DOI
- 10.5465/amr.2011.61031809 · DOI
- Orton J. D., 1990, Academy of Management Review, 15, 203, 10.5465/amr.1990.4308154 · DOI · Paper page
- Phillips N., 2004, Academy of Management Review, 29, 635, 10.5465/amr.2004.14497617 · DOI · Paper page
- Shrivastava P., 1987, Bhopal: Anatomy of a crisis
- Smircich L., 1985, Academy of Management Review, 10, 724, 10.5465/amr.1985.4279096 · DOI · Paper page
- Sutcliffe K. M. (2013). Sensemaking. In M. Augier & D. Teece (Eds.), The Palgrave encyclopedia of strategic management . Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Advance online publication. Retrieved from http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137294678.0623 · DOI
- Watzlawick P., 1976, How real is real?
- Weick K. E., 1979, The social psychology of organizing
Cited by
Items 701–800 of 1,000
Reducing Anxiety Through Workplace Communication During COVID-19: Who, What, When, and How
Kay, A., Levine, L., & Shapiro, E. (2022) · International Journal of Business Communication · doi:10.1177/23294884221105580 · Cited by 15
Madsen, V. T. (2022) · Journal of Communication Management · doi:10.1108/jcom-01-2022-0002 · Cited by 15
Waizenegger, L., Schaedlich, K., & Doolin, B. (2023) · Business & Information Systems Engineering · doi:10.1007/s12599-023-00796-w · Cited by 15
From strangers to social collectives? Sensemaking and organizing in response to a pandemic
Georgiou, A. V., & Murillo, D. (2023) · European Management Journal · doi:10.1016/j.emj.2023.05.005 · Cited by 15
Practices of Periodization: Toward a Critical Perspective on Temporal Division in Organizations
Sadeghi, Y., Islam, G., & Lent, W. V. (2024) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2022.0396 · Cited by 15
Nielsen, M. B. D., Skov, S. S., Grundtvig, G., Folker, A. P., Rugulies, R., Aldrich, P. T., Clausen, T., & Madsen, I. E. H. (2024) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1080/17482631.2024.2324990 · Cited by 15
Preuss, L., Barkemeyer, R., Arora, B., & Banerjee, S. (2024) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/s41267-024-00708-4 · Cited by 15
Hampel, C. E., & Dalpiaz, E. (2025) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2025.106506 · Cited by 15
A Theory of Leadership Meta‐Talk and the Talking‐Doing Gap
Fischer, T., & Alvesson, M. G. (2025) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/joms.13249 · Cited by 15
A third-party logistics provider: To be or not to be a highly reliable organization
Zúñiga, R., & Martinez, C. A. (2016) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.03.009 · Cited by 15
Processes of Value Co-creation at a Tourist Accommodation
Oxenswärdh, A. (2018) · Quality Innovation Prosperity · doi:10.12776/qip.v22i3.1158 · Cited by 15
The lifecycle of heuristics as managerial proverbs
Atanasiu, R. (2021) · Management Decision · doi:10.1108/md-08-2019-1025 · Cited by 15
Kleinaltenkamp, M., Karpen, I. O., & Kleinaltenkamp, M. J. (2021) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2021.11.005 · Cited by 15
Distributed sensemaking in network risk analysis
Taarup‐Esbensen, J. (2022) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/risa.13895 · Cited by 15
The project-oriented organisation through the lens of viable systems
Lechler, R. C., Lehner, P., Röösli, F., & Huemann, M. (2022) · Project Leadership and Society · doi:10.1016/j.plas.2022.100072 · Cited by 15
A Sensemaking Perspective of Digitalisation in Construction Organisations
Zulu, S. L., & Saad, A. M. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15032344 · Cited by 15
Time to look forward: advocating future orientation in business network research
Halinen, A., Nordberg-Davies, S., & Möller, K. (2023) · Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing · doi:10.1108/jbim-07-2022-0298 · Cited by 15
Strategy implementation as fantasising – becoming the leading bank
Sajasalo, P., Auvinen, T., Takala, T., Järvenpää, M., & Sintonen, T. (2015) · Accounting and Business Research · doi:10.1080/00014788.2015.1112764 · Cited by 15
Giving Meaning to Everyday Work After Terrorism
Kent, D. (2018) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840618765582 · Cited by 15
Connaughton, J. N., & Collinge, W. H. (2021) · Construction Management and Economics · doi:10.1080/01446193.2021.1933558 · Cited by 15
Swift Trust and Sensemaking in Fast Response Virtual Teams
Yu, X., Shen, Y., & Khazanchi, D. (2021) · Journal of Computer Information Systems · doi:10.1080/08874417.2021.1978114 · Cited by 15
An Examination of the Personality Constructs Underlying Dimensions of Creative Problem‐Solving Style
Isaksen, S. G., Kaufmann, A. H., & Bakken, B. T. (2014) · The Journal of Creative Behavior · doi:10.1002/jocb.75 · Cited by 15
Religious compliance in Islamic financial institutions
Hidayah, N. N. (2014) · Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University) · doi:10.48780/publications.aston.ac.uk.00024762 · Cited by 15
Discovering and Managing Interdependence with Customer‐Entrepreneurs
Park, H., Ritala, P., & Velu, C. K. (2020) · British Journal of Management · doi:10.1111/1467-8551.12444 · Cited by 14
Muñoz, G. (2021) · Profesorado Revista de Currículum y Formación del Profesorado · doi:10.30827/profesorado.v25i3.22668 · Cited by 14
Menon, K. (2022) · Organization & Environment · doi:10.1177/10860266221092167 · Cited by 14
Deformation qua Externalisierung?
Bode, I., & Turba, H. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-35210-3_6 · Cited by 14
Bribery and Firm Growth: Sensemaking in CEE and Post-Soviet Countries
Lee, M., Mutlu, C. C., & Lee, S. (2022) · Journal of International Management · doi:10.1016/j.intman.2022.100975 · Cited by 14
Hallinnon tutkimuksen tulevaisuus
Tuurnas, S. (2022) · doi:10.58181/vp9789517689953 · Cited by 14
Anisman‐Razin, M., Kark, R., & Ashforth, B. E. (2023) · Group & Organization Management · doi:10.1177/10596011231158264 · Cited by 14
Hoppmann, J., Richert, M., & Busch, T. (2023) · Organization & Environment · doi:10.1177/10860266231183955 · Cited by 14
Rich Pictures: A Visual Method for Sensemaking Amid Complexity
Gates, E. (2023) · American Journal of Evaluation · doi:10.1177/10982140231204847 · Cited by 14
A sensemaking approach to strategy making: The role of the leader in times of ambiguity
Fahey, L., & Saint‐Onge, H. (2024) · Organizational Dynamics · doi:10.1016/j.orgdyn.2023.101027 · Cited by 14
Prospective Sensemaking in the Front End of Innovation of AI Projects
Särner, E., Yström, A., Lakemond, N., & Holmberg, G. (2024) · Research-Technology Management · doi:10.1080/08956308.2024.2350407 · Cited by 14
The dynamic feasibility of resisting (R), accepting (A), or directing (D) ecological change
Cravens, A. E., Clifford, K. R., Knapp, C. N., & Travis, W. R. (2024) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/cobi.14331 · Cited by 14
Where will my future Be? Adaptive sensemaking of refugee camp entrepreneurs in perpetual liminality
Harima, A., & Plak, C. (2024) · Entrepreneurship and Regional Development · doi:10.1080/08985626.2024.2390976 · Cited by 14
Cui, W. J., & Meng, S. F. (2024) · Business Process Management Journal · doi:10.1108/bpmj-05-2024-0318 · Cited by 14
Woodrow, C., Erdem, C., & Guest, D. E. (2024) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2024.2401582 · Cited by 14
Dunning, A., Hartley, H., Unsworth, K. L., Simms‐Ellis, R., Dunn, M., Grange, A., Murray, J., Marran, J., & Lawton, R. (2024) · International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances · doi:10.1016/j.ijnsa.2024.100244 · Cited by 14
The formation of a sustainable organizational identity: Insights from Brazilian coffee producers
Kyrdoda, Y., Balzano, M., & Vianelli, D. (2024) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.3975 · Cited by 14
Stakeholder involvement in realist evaluation: A scoping review and best fit framework synthesis
Malengreaux, S., Martens, M., Pleguezuelo, V. C., Ibiloye, O., Belle, S. V., Renmans, D., & Belrhiti, Z. (2024) · Evaluation · doi:10.1177/13563890241279562 · Cited by 14
Making sense of changing ethical expectations: The role of moral imagination
Hargrave, T. J., Sud, M., VanSandt, C. V., & Werhane, P. H. (2020) · Business and Society Review · doi:10.1111/basr.12206 · Cited by 14
Rawski, S. L., O’Leary-Kelly, A. M., & Breaux-Soignet, D. M. (2021) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2019.0316 · Cited by 14
Designing transformative learning experiences for managerial transition to integrative CSR
Menon, K. (2021) · Business Horizons · doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2021.07.005 · Cited by 14
Plante, M., Maire, S., & Pucci, R. (2022) · Contemporary Accounting Research · doi:10.1111/1911-3846.12765 · Cited by 14
Vanharanta, M., & Wong, P. (2022) · Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing · doi:10.1108/jbim-01-2021-0068 · Cited by 14
Tamtik, M. (2022) · Journal of Studies in International Education · doi:10.1177/10283153221137687 · Cited by 14
Managerial learning challenges in a complex world
Pederzini, G. A. (2018) · Journal of Work-Applied Management · doi:10.1108/jwam-04-2018-0009 · Cited by 14
Business models and the managerial sensemaking process
Islam, S. M. (2019) · Accounting and Finance · doi:10.1111/acfi.12459 · Cited by 14
To See or Not to See: Importance of Sensemaking in Employee Self-direction
Bäcklander, G. (2019) · Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies · doi:10.18291/njwls.v9i2.114799 · Cited by 14
Seeing the market: performative sensemaking and the case of advertising agencies and their clients
Cohen, A. C. (2019) · Consumption Markets & Culture · doi:10.1080/10253866.2019.1625775 · Cited by 14
Constructing managerial manoeuvring space in contradictory contexts
Filstad, C., Olsen, T. H., & Karp, T. (2020) · European Management Journal · doi:10.1016/j.emj.2020.10.003 · Cited by 14
Shan, B., Pu, Y., Lv, X., & Zhang, R. (2022) · Asia Pacific Business Review · doi:10.1080/13602381.2022.2070390 · Cited by 14
Sense-Making Resource Efficiency Through “Sustainability” Reports
Egan, M. (2017) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-017-3445-2 · Cited by 14
Sense-Making and School Failure: Lessons From Two Cases
Walls, J. (2019) · American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting (AERA) · doi:10.3102/1438792 · Cited by 14
From boat to bags: The role of material chronotopes in adaptive sensemaking
Musca, G., Rouleau, L., Mellet, C., Sitri, F., & Vogüé, S. D. (2018) · M n gement · doi:10.3917/mana.212.0705 · Cited by 14
Shared leadership: Struggles over meaning in daily instances of uncertainty
Gadelshina, G. (2020) · Leadership · doi:10.1177/1742715020935748 · Cited by 14
‘What does this mean’? Sensemaking in the strategic action field of construction
Fellows, R. F., & Liu, A. M. M. (2016) · Construction Management and Economics · doi:10.1080/01446193.2016.1231409 · Cited by 14
Interactive Digital Narratives as Complex Expressive Means
Bellini, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2022.854960 · Cited by 13
“As also Maitlis and Christianson maintain in the abovementioned article (Maitlis and Christianson, 2014), the world one inhabits is a source of information and, therefore, in case of a digital world, the multimodal system through which the world itself is built is the primary source of information,…”
BackgroundCareer choice of tourism students in a triple-whammy crisis
Choy, M. W., & Yeung, A. S. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0279411 · Cited by 13
Garrelfs, C., Schultz, C., & Luengen, M. (2023) · Creativity and Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/caim.12563 · Cited by 13
Cultural change in servitization – a conceptual review and framework
Biesinger, B., Hadwich, K., & Bruhn, M. (2024) · Journal of Service Theory and Practice · doi:10.1108/jstp-03-2023-0074 · Cited by 13
Nurturing innovation through intelligent failure: The art of failing on purpose
Narduzzo, A., & Forrer, V. (2024) · Technovation · doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2024.102951 · Cited by 13
Management Practices and Implementation Challenges in District Education Directorates in Ghana
Asim, M., Bell, S., Boakye-Yiadom, M., Nudzor, H. P., & Mundy, K. (2024) · Educational Administration Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0013161x241230527 · Cited by 13
Practical wisdom for leading projects: The case of early warning signs
Winch, G., & Hajikazemi, S. (2024) · Project Leadership and Society · doi:10.1016/j.plas.2024.100173 · Cited by 13
Beard, K. S. (2025) · Educational Management Administration & Leadership · doi:10.1177/17411432241309749 · Cited by 13
Business Consulting and SME Performance: Unraveling the Role of Absorptive Capacity
Francis, J., & Chakravarty, D. (2025) · Journal of Small Business Strategy · doi:10.53703/001c.126638 · Cited by 13
The Show Must Go On: Preserving the Legacy Business through Exit in Family Business Portfolio Firms
Ireland, R. D., Chirico, F., Akhter, N., Rondi, E., & Ijaz, R. (2025) · Academy of Management Perspectives · doi:10.5465/amp.2023.0293 · Cited by 13
Sensemaking and abductive reasoning for transformative biodiversity conservation
Capano, G. C., Loos, J., Hausmann, A., & Kortetmäki, T. (2025) · People and Nature · doi:10.1002/pan3.70055 · Cited by 13
The Manifold Impacts of Management Research
Wenzel, M., Gylfe, P., Mantere, S., & Cornelissen, J. (2025) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/joms.13240 · Cited by 13
The role of participatory design activities in supporting sense-making in the smart city
Castaño, J. M., Geenen, A. J. P., & van der Voort, M. C. (2020) · Proceedings of DRS · doi:10.21606/drs.2020.133 · Cited by 13
Paradoxes of power: Dialogue as a regulatory strategy in the Norwegian oil and gas industry
Forseth, U., & Rosness, R. (2021) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2020.105120 · Cited by 13
Sensing from the middle: middle managers’ sensemaking of change process in public organizations
Blakçori, F., & Psychogios, A. G. (2021) · International Studies of Management and Organization · doi:10.1080/00208825.2021.1969136 · Cited by 13
Thomas, M., Klemm, C., Hutchins, B., & Kaufman, S. (2021) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/risa.13828 · Cited by 13
Turner, J., Snowden, D., & Thurlow, N. (2022) · Systems · doi:10.3390/systems10010007 · Cited by 13
Tørseth, T. N., & Ådnanes, M. (2022) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-021-07424-x · Cited by 13
Awati, K. M., & Nikolova, N. (2022) · Management Decision · doi:10.1108/md-06-2021-0804 · Cited by 13
Cao, M., Zhao, S., Lv, H., & Wei, D. (2022) · Business Ethics the Environment & Responsibility · doi:10.1111/beer.12449 · Cited by 13
Collective sensemaking within institutions: Control of the COVID‐19 epidemic in Vietnam
Pham, C. H., Nguyen, T. V., Bach, T. N., Le, Q. C., & Nguyen, H. V. (2022) · Public Administration and Development · doi:10.1002/pad.1996 · Cited by 13
Being Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: Role-Based Identity Foils in Organizational Life
Ashforth, B. E., Schinoff, B. S., Rogers, K. M., & Lange, D. A. (2023) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2023.1666 · Cited by 13
Making sense of sexual harassment: narratives of working women in Sri Lanka
Adikaram, A. S. (2017) · Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.1111/1744-7941.12154 · Cited by 13
Service workers and “difficult customers”: quality challenges at the front line
Gal, I., Yagil, D., & Luria, G. (2021) · International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences · doi:10.1108/ijqss-05-2020-0078 · Cited by 13
" Rumor Correction in Social Media Crisis Communication: A Case of Connective Sense-breaking"
Mirbabaie, M., Marx, J., & Reimann, A. (2022) · AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.17705/1thci.00165 · Cited by 13
Ramjattan, V. A. (2023) · International Journal of the Sociology of Language · doi:10.1515/ijsl-2022-0067 · Cited by 13
Making Space for Adaptive Learning
Szijarto, B., & Cousins, J. B. (2018) · American Journal of Evaluation · doi:10.1177/1098214018781506 · Cited by 13
Psychological Contract Breach and Counterproductive Work Behavior: A Moderated Mediation Model
Astrove, S. L., Yang, J., Kraimer, M. L., & Wayne, S. J. (2015) · Academy of Management Proceedings · doi:10.5465/ambpp.2015.11094abstract · Cited by 13
Designing for Ambiguity in Visual Analytics: Lessons from Risk Assessment and Prediction
Nowak, S., & Bartram, L. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics · doi:10.1109/tvcg.2023.3326571 · Cited by 12
Why Talking Is Not Cheap: Adverse Events and Informal Communication
Montgomery, A., Lainidi, O., & Γεωργαντά, Κ. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12060635 · Cited by 12
‘Modern talking’: Narratives of agile by German public sector employees
Kühler, J., Drathschmidt, N., & Großmann, D. (2024) · Information Polity · doi:10.3233/ip-230059 · Cited by 12
Cheng, J., Zhang, L., He, M., & Yao, Y. (2024) · Leadership & Organization Development Journal · doi:10.1108/lodj-03-2023-0139 · Cited by 12
Enacted or idealistic co-operative values?
Saastamoinen, S., & Puusa, A. (2024) · Journal of Co-operative Organization and Management · doi:10.1016/j.jcom.2024.100248 · Cited by 12
Kahlawi, A., Masri, F., Ahmed, W., & Vidal‐Alaball, J. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/58656 · Cited by 12
Crisis Leadership Behaviors: A Redirecting Review
Kreamer, L. M., McBride, A. G., Gooty, J., Stock, G. B., Banks, G. C., & Tonidandel, S. (2025) · Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies · doi:10.1177/15480518251343118 · Cited by 13
Gross, J. A., Blomsma, F., Djabbarov, I., & Busch, T. (2025) · Organization & Environment · doi:10.1177/10860266251342567 · Cited by 12
Embedding risk culture in a financial institution: an action research perspective
Dürst, N., & Kunz, J. (2025) · Review of Managerial Science · doi:10.1007/s11846-025-00946-2 · Cited by 12
Louws, M. L., Struyf, A., van Haeften, N., Middelbeek, L., Schenke, W., Walraven, A., de Vries, B., Brouwer, P., & Lockhorst, D. (2025) · Journal of Educational Change · doi:10.1007/s10833-025-09536-1 · Cited by 12
Zhao, J., & Syed, T. A. (2025) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2025.124443 · Cited by 12
A Framework for Evaluation of Resilience of Disaster Rescue Networks
Jassbi, J. J., Camarinha-Matos, L. M., & Barata, J. (2015) · IFIP advances in information and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24141-8_13 · Cited by 12
A Serious Game: Performance Management in Italian Ministries
Rebora, G., Ruffini, R., & Turri, M. (2016) · International Journal of Public Administration · doi:10.1080/01900692.2016.1201103 · Cited by 12
Making Sense of Teacher Evaluation Policies and Systems Based on Principals’ Experience
Reid, D. (2019) · Leadership and Policy in Schools · doi:10.1080/15700763.2018.1554158 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Maitlis, S., & Christianson, M.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Venue
- Academy of Management Annals
- Publisher
- Academy of Management
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 57-125
- ISSN
- 1941-6067 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-6520
- OpenAlex
- W4245597957
- Cited by
- 1,764
- References
- 268
- Citations by year
- 2026: 332 · 2025: 187 · 2024: 167 · 2023: 192 · 2022: 182 · 2021: 188 · 2020: 160 · 2019: 139 · 2018: 87 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 93.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Academy of Management Annals (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Management and Organizational Studies
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Organizational Learning and Leadership
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Appreciative Inquiry and Organizational Change
- Keywords
- sensemaking, organizational sensemaking, ambiguity, intersubjective meaning, organizational change, organizational learning, creativity and innovation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.