Cited by 233Gender Diversity and InequalitySocial and Intergroup PsychologyTeam Dynamics and Performance

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 189 of the 189 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A Multi-Level Process Model for Understanding Diversity Practice Effectiveness

Open access

Nishii, Lisa H., Khattab, Jasmien, Shemla, Meir, Paluch, Rebecca M.·2018·Academy of Management Annals

DOI 10.5465/annals.2016.0044

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

A significant amount of research has been conducted on diversity “best practices” to understand whether they help reduce discrimination, increase managerial diversity, and enhance performance. Regardless, which diversity practices should be used, how they should be implemented, for what purpose, and to what effect remains unclear because of issues related to inconsistencies across outcomes studied within and between diversity practices as well as a lack of integration of micro research and macro research. In this review, we focus on these issues to make sense of the array of research conducted since the turn of the century. We first synthesize key research findings from sociological, firm-level research on diversity management practices with research conducted within the psychological tradition using experimental and within-organizational research designs. The results of our review provide the basis for a multilevel process model through which research findings can more easily be interpreted to uncover when and how diversity practices produce desirable results. We discuss how considering the interplay across levels of analysis is critical for enriching our theoretical understanding of the mediating and moderating mechanisms that link the distal constructs of diversity practices and organizational outcomes. We conclude with implications for future research that emerged from an analysis of the literature through our multilevel process model.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.5465/annals.2016.0044

Cites

189 of 189 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.

Harvard business review
(1994) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/0002-8223(94)92216-0 · Cited by 46,726
Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony
Meyer, J. W., & Rowan, B. (1977) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/226550 · Cited by 28,308
Job Market Signaling
Spence, M. (1973) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/1882010 · Cited by 19,252
A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
Morvan, C., & O’Connor, A. (2017) · Macat Library eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781912282432 · Cited by 18,284
The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis
Powell, W., & DiMaggio, P. (1993) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393344 · Cited by 11,926
Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational Advantage
Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/259373 · Cited by 7,111
The new institutionalism in organizational analysis
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-5991 · Cited by 5,553
JOB SATISFACTION, ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT, TURNOVER INTENTION, AND TURNOVER: PATH ANALYSES BASED ON META‐ANALYTIC FINDINGS
TETT, R. P., & MEYER, J. P. (1993) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1993.tb00874.x · Cited by 4,114
Human Resource Bundles and Manufacturing Performance: Organizational Logic and Flexible Production Systems in the World Auto Industry
MacDuffie, J. P. (1995) · Industrial and Labor Relations Review · doi:10.1177/001979399504800201 · Cited by 3,993
A cognitive-affective system theory of personality: Reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance in personality structure
Mischel, W., & Shoda, Y. (1995) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.102.2.246 · Cited by 3,889

Show all 185 references

Research works printed but not linked: 7

10.5465/30040641 · DOI
Dwertmann D. J. G., 2016, Journal of Management, 42, 1
Green T. K., 2008, Hastings Law Journal, 59, 1435
Kovach K. A., 2004, Labor Law Journal, 55, 53
10.5465/3069311 · DOI
Norman J., 2016, Gallup, 1
Smith A., 2016, Society for Human Resource Management, 1

Sorted by citations

Diversity Initiative Effectiveness: A Typological Theory of Unintended Consequences
Leslie, L. M. (2018) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2017.0087 · Cited by 523
The Role of Inclusive Leadership in Supporting an Inclusive Climate in Diverse Public Sector Teams
Ashikali, T., Groeneveld, S. M., & Kuipers, B. S. (2020) · Review of Public Personnel Administration · doi:10.1177/0734371x19899722 · Cited by 441
The role of diversity in organizational resilience: a theoretical framework
Duchek, S., Raetze, S., & Scheuch, I. (2019) · BuR - Business Research · doi:10.1007/s40685-019-0084-8 · Cited by 390
From Diversity to Inclusion to Equity: A Theory of Generative Interactions
Bernstein, R. S., Bulger, M., Salipante, P. F., & Weisinger, J. Y. (2019) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-019-04180-1 · Cited by 296
Managing people in organizations: Integrating the study of HRM and leadership
Leroy, H., Segers, J., van Dierendonck, D., & Hartog, D. N. D. (2018) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2018.02.002 · Cited by 254
A multi-level framework of inclusive leadership in organizations
Nishii, L. H., & Leroy, H. (2022) · Group & Organization Management · doi:10.1177/10596011221111505 · Cited by 189
Self-citation
Leading diversity: Towards a theory of functional leadership in diverse teams.
Homan, A. C., Gündemir, S., Buengeler, C., & van Kleef, G. A. (2020) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000482 · Cited by 217
What leaders say versus what they do: Inclusive leadership, policy-practice decoupling, and the anomaly of climate for inclusion
Mor Barak, M. E., Luria, G., & Brimhall, K. C. (2022) · Group & Organization Management · doi:10.1177/10596011211005916 · Cited by 167
Implicit-Bias Remedies: Treating Discriminatory Bias as a Public-Health Problem
Greenwald, A. G., Dasgupta, N., Dovidio, J. F., Kang, J., Moss‐Racusin, C. A., & Teachman, B. A. (2022) · Gothic.net · doi:10.1177/15291006211070781 · Cited by 176
Inter-organizational collaboration and SMEs’ innovation: A systematic review and future research directions
Zahoor, N., & Al‐Tabbaa, O. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Management · doi:10.1016/j.scaman.2020.101109 · Cited by 154
Walking the Talk on Diversity: CEO Beliefs, Moral Values, and the Implementation of Workplace Diversity Practices
Ng, E. S., & Sears, G. J. (2018) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-018-4051-7 · Cited by 169
Promoting employee green behavior in the Chinese and Vietnamese hospitality contexts: The roles of green human resource management practices and responsible leadership
Tuấn, L. T. (2022) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2022.103253 · Cited by 158
A Diversity Mindset Perspective on Inclusive Leadership
van Knippenberg, D., & van Ginkel, W. V. (2021) · Group & Organization Management · doi:10.1177/1059601121997229 · Cited by 101
Inclusion climate: A multilevel investigation of its antecedents and consequences
Li, Y., Perera, S. S., Kulik, C. T., & Metz, I. (2019) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.21956 · Cited by 138
Leaders as HR sensegivers: Four HR implementation behaviors that create strong HR systems
Nishii, L. H., & Paluch, R. M. (2018) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2018.02.007 · Cited by 125
Self-citation
The role of human resource practices for including persons with disabilities in the workforce: a systematic literature review
Schloemer-Jarvis, A., Bader, B., & Böhm, S. A. (2021) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2021.1996433 · Cited by 139
Synergy from diversity: Managing team diversity to enhance performance
van Knippenberg, D., Nishii, L. H., & Dwertmann, D. J. G. (2020) · Behavioral Science & Policy · doi:10.1177/237946152000600108 · Cited by 133
Self-citation
Age-Related Human Resource Management Policies and Practices: Antecedents, Outcomes, and Conceptualizations
Boehm, S. A., Schroder, H. S., & Bal, P. M. (2021) · Work Aging and Retirement · doi:10.1093/workar/waab024 · Cited by 127
Using theory on authentic leadership to build a strong human resource management system
Gill, C., Gardner, W. L., Claeys, J., & Vangronsvelt, K. (2018) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2018.02.006 · Cited by 96
Taking Inequality Seriously
Amis, J., Brickson, S., Haack, P., & Hernandez, M. (2021) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2021.0222 · Cited by 80
Strategic Diversity Leadership: The Role of Senior Leaders in Delivering the Diversity Dividend
Martins, L. L. (2020) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206320939641 · Cited by 84
Are All Allyship Attempts Helpful? An Investigation of Effective and Ineffective Allyship
Collier-Spruel, L. A., & Ryan, A. M. (2022) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-022-09861-9 · Cited by 85
How to prevent and minimize DEI backfire
Burnett, L., & Aguinis, H. (2023) · Business Horizons · doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2023.11.001 · Cited by 76
What is intersectional equality? A definition and goal of equality for organizations
Woods, D. R., Benschop, Y., & van den Brink, M. (2021) · Gender Work and Organization · doi:10.1111/gwao.12760 · Cited by 80
Development or maintenance? Dual‐oriented human resource system, employee achievement motivation, and work well‐being
Lin, C., Li, X., & Lam, L. W. (2019) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.21997 · Cited by 69
Diversity Ideologies, Beliefs, and Climates: A Review, Integration, and Set of Recommendations
Leslie, L. M., & Flynn, E. (2022) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/01492063221086238 · Cited by 68
Prescriptive Theorizing in Management Research: A New Impetus for Addressing Grand Challenges
Hanisch, M. (2024) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/joms.13035 · Cited by 65
Organizational Practices for the Aging Workforce: Development and Validation of the Later Life Workplace Index
Wilckens, M. R., Wöhrmann, A. M., Deller, J., & Wang, M. (2020) · Work Aging and Retirement · doi:10.1093/workar/waaa012 · Cited by 63
Majority members misperceive even “win-win” diversity policies as unbeneficial to them.
Brown, N. D., & Jacoby-Senghor, D. S. (2021) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspi0000372 · Cited by 58
Beneath the surface: Resistance to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives in organizations
Gündemir, S., Kanitz, R., Rink, F. A., Hoever, I. J., & Slepian, M. L. (2024) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101922 · Cited by 57
International Management as Management of Diversity: Reconceptualizing Distance as Diversity
Lumineau, F., Hanisch, M., & Wurtz, O. (2021) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/joms.12686 · Cited by 57
Revisiting Behavioral Integrity: Progress and New Directions After 20 Years
Simons, T. L., Leroy, H., & Nishii, L. H. (2021) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012420-062016 · Cited by 52
Self-citation
Corporate Diversity Statements and Employees’ Online DEI Ratings: An Unsupervised Machine-Learning Text-Mining Analysis
Wang, W., Dinh, J., Jones, K. S., Upadhyay, S. K., & Yang, J. (2022) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-022-09819-x · Cited by 58
Performing in diverse settings: A diversity, equity, and inclusion approach to culture
Feitosa, J., Hagenbuch, S., Patel, B., & Davis, A. S. (2022) · International Journal of Cross Cultural Management · doi:10.1177/14705958221136707 · Cited by 64
HR practices and work relationships: A 20 year review of relational HRM research
Bannya, A. R., Bainbridge, H. T. J., & Chan‐Serafin, S. (2022) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.22151 · Cited by 50
Developing Leaders for Disruptive Change: An Inclusive Leadership Approach
Simmons, S. V., & Yawson, R. M. (2022) · Advances in Developing Human Resources · doi:10.1177/15234223221114359 · Cited by 48
Organisational Policies and Practices for the Inclusion of Vulnerable Workers: A Scoping Review of the Employer’s Perspective
Kersten, A., van Woerkom, M., Geuskens, G., & Blonk, R. W. B. (2022) · Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation · doi:10.1007/s10926-022-10067-2 · Cited by 58
How Much Inequity Do You See? Structural Power, Perceptions of Gender and Racial Inequity, and Support for Diversity Initiatives
To, C., Sherf, E. N., & Kouchaki, M. (2023) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2022.0253 · Cited by 43
Reaching the Heart or the Mind? Test of Two Theory-Based Training Programs to Improve Interactions Between Age-Diverse Coworkers
Burmeister, A., Gerpott, F. H., Hirschi, A., Scheibe, S., Pak, K., & Kooij, D. T. A. M. (2020) · Academy of Management Learning and Education · doi:10.5465/amle.2019.0348 · Cited by 47
Dealing with diversity in workgroups: Preventing problems and promoting potential
Homan, A. C. (2019) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12465 · Cited by 48
Relational incongruence in neurodiverse workgroups: practices for cultivating autistic employee authenticity and belonging
Longmire, N. H., Vogus, T. J., & Colella, A. (2025) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.22248 · Cited by 39
Inclusive leadership for sustainable development in times of change
Anane-Simon, R., & Atiku, S. O. (2023) · Routledge Open Research · doi:10.12688/routledgeopenres.17820.2 · Cited by 39
Lights, Camera, Action: Moving Beyond Performative Diversity Management to Drive Change
Roberson, Q. M., Avery, D. R., & Leigh, A. (2024) · Academy of Management Perspectives · doi:10.5465/amp.2021.0188 · Cited by 40
Team Leadership and Team Cultural Diversity: The Moderating Effects of Leader Cultural Background and Leader Team Tenure
Raithel, K., van Knippenberg, D., & Stam, D. (2021) · Journal of leadership & organizational studies · doi:10.1177/15480518211010763 · Cited by 39
Can managing employee diversity be a pathway to creativity for tour companies?
Tuấn, L. T. (2019) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-12-2018-0990 · Cited by 38
Exclusion and Inclusion in the Australian AEC Industry and Its Significance for Women and Their Organizations
Francis, V., & Michielsens, E. (2021) · Journal of Management in Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)me.1943-5479.0000929 · Cited by 41
Profiles of diversity and inclusion motivation: Toward an employee‐centered understanding of why employees put effort into inclusion and exclusion
Dawson, N., Parker, S. L., & Okimoto, T. G. (2023) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.22186 · Cited by 43
Happy Talk: Is Common Diversity Rhetoric Effective Diversity Rhetoric?
Leslie, L. M., Flynn, E., Foster-Gimbel, O. A., & Manchester, C. F. (2023) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2021.1402 · Cited by 37
Is Justice Colorblind? A Review of Workplace Racioethnic Differences Through the Lens of Organizational Justice
Avery, D. R., Hall, A. V., Preston, M. C., Ruggs, E. N., & Washington, E. F. (2022) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-120920-052627 · Cited by 36
Creating an age-inclusive workplace: The impact of HR practices on employee work engagement
Fan, P., Song, Y., Fang, M., & Chen, X. (2023) · Journal of Management & Organization · doi:10.1017/jmo.2023.18 · Cited by 32
Embedding mindsets in context: Theoretical considerations and opportunities for studying fixed-growth lay theories in the workplace
Rattan, A., & Ozgumus, E. (2019) · Research in Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.riob.2020.100127 · Cited by 38
What really works?! Evaluating the effectiveness of practices to increase the managerial diversity of women and minorities
Schoen, C., & Rost, K. (2020) · European Management Journal · doi:10.1016/j.emj.2020.06.005 · Cited by 30
Line managers' perceptions of diversity management: insights from a social exchange theory perspective
Nachmias, S., Mitsakis, F., Aravopoulou, E., Rees, C. J., & Kouki, A. (2021) · Employee Relations · doi:10.1108/er-12-2019-0484 · Cited by 30
Tick Off the Gender Diversity Box: Examining the Cross-Level Effects of Women’s Representation in Senior Management
Dwivedi, P., & Paolella, L. (2023) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2021.0506 · Cited by 28
Diversity initiatives: Intended and unintended effects
Leslie, L. M., Kim, Y. L., & Ye, E. R. (2024) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101942 · Cited by 32
Act your age? Age, intrapreneurial behavior, social capital and performance
Hador, B. B., & Klein, G. (2019) · Employee Relations · doi:10.1108/er-01-2019-0059 · Cited by 28
Forty-five years of research on diversity, equity and inclusion in management
Park, C. H., Park, S., & Kwon, B. (2025) · Management Decision · doi:10.1108/md-11-2023-2181 · Cited by 26
Transforming How Ambivalence About DEI Work is Managed in Organizations
Creary, S. J. (2025) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/joms.13206 · Cited by 27
If We See, Will We Agree? Unpacking the Complex Relationship Between Stimuli and Team Climate Strength
Perrigino, M. B., Chen, H., Dunford, B. B., & Pratt, B. R. (2020) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/annals.2019.0067 · Cited by 25
Gender equality and comparative HRM: A 40-year review
García, M. F., Ahmed, R., Flores, G. L., & Halliday, C. S. (2023) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2023.100972 · Cited by 23
Training effectiveness and employee outcomes: a study of an Australian manufacturing organization
Saira, S., Mansoor, S., Ishaque, S., Cheema, S., & Ali, M. A. M. (2020) · European journal of training and development · doi:10.1108/ejtd-03-2020-0052 · Cited by 23
Organizational Influences on Work–Home Boundary Permeability: A Multidimensional Perspective
Capitano, J., McAlpine, K. L., & Greenhaus, J. H. (2019) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s0742-730120190000037005 · Cited by 22
The im-/possibility of hybrid inclusion: Disrupting the ‘happy inclusion’ story with the case of the Greenlandic Police Force
Dobusch, L., Holck, L., & Muhr, S. L. (2020) · Organization · doi:10.1177/1350508420973310 · Cited by 22
Answerable for what? The role of accountability focus in line manager HR implementation
Hewett, R., Sikora, D. M., Brees, J. R., & Moelijker, R. (2023) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.22189 · Cited by 24
Later Life Workplace Index: Validation of an English Version
Finsel, J. S., Wöhrmann, A. M., Wang, M., Wilckens, M. R., & Deller, J. (2021) · Work Aging and Retirement · doi:10.1093/workar/waab029 · Cited by 24
Do employees’ perceptions of diversity management enhance firm’s financial performance: the moderating role of board members’ diversity level
Lim, J., Vaughan, Y., & Jang, J. (2023) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-11-2022-1441 · Cited by 21
A systematic meta-review of organizational diversity and inclusion interventions and their associated outcomes
Zhao, K., Hsieh, W., Faulkner, N., & Smith, L. (2025) · Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal · doi:10.1108/edi-02-2024-0085 · Cited by 20
A Diversity Signal Set Perspective: Examining Interactive Effects of Diversity Practices on Women and Racialized Non-Leader and Leader Turnover
Trzebiatowski, T. M., Jiang, K., Zhang, Z., Eckardt, R., & Kim, Y. A. (2024) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2020.1838 · Cited by 19
Unleashing employee creativity: the role of knowledge-based HRM, thriving at work and leader’s effectiveness
Islam, M. N., & Idris, A. (2025) · South Asian Journal of Business Studies · doi:10.1108/sajbs-02-2024-0088 · Cited by 18
Managing a Diverse Workforce
Ashikali, T., Groeneveld, S. M., & Ritz, A. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192893420.003.0010 · Cited by 18
Reinforcing Political Inequality Through Diversity Initiatives: A Field-Level Perspective
Sadeh, L. J., & Mair, J. (2023) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/01492063231163579 · Cited by 15
“Like will to like” or “opposites attract”? Management board diversity affects employer attractiveness
Schäpers, P., Windscheid, L., Mazei, J., Thielsch, M. T., & Hertel, G. (2021) · Gender in Management An International Journal · doi:10.1108/gm-10-2019-0182 · Cited by 15
Productive disruptions: Supporting diversity and anti-racism in the workplace through multi-level organisational strategies
Trenerry, B., Dunn, K. M., & Paradies, Y. (2023) · Australian Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/03128962231175182 · Cited by 19
How genuine is your diversity climate? A new typology highlighting the emergence of specious diversity climates
Ward, A. K., Ravlin, E. C., & Park, J. E. (2023) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2731 · Cited by 15
Managing for Public Service Performance
(2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192893420.001.0001 · Cited by 14
Health and the intention to retire: exploring the moderating effects of human resources practices
Wilckens, M. R., Wöhrmann, A. M., Deller, J., & Finsel, J. S. (2022) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2022.2133967 · Cited by 13
Bridging the gap between diversity, equity and inclusion policy and practice: the case of disability
Klinksiek, I. D. (2024) · Transfer European Review of Labour and Research · doi:10.1177/10242589241251698 · Cited by 13
Support for Sustainable Development Goal 5 and Social Performance: The Role of Diversity Targets, Work‐Life Balance Practices, and Female Representation
García, M., Liu, H.-F., Triana, M. D. C., & Treviño, L. J. (2025) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.22312 · Cited by 9
Worshipping equality as organizational idolatry? A Nietzschean view of the normative foundations of the diversity management paradigm
Köllen, T. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Management · doi:10.1016/j.scaman.2020.101108 · Cited by 13
Decomposing the Impact of Leadership Diversity Among Nonprofit Organizations
Bernstein, R. S., & Fredette, C. A. (2023) · Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly · doi:10.1177/08997640221145119 · Cited by 13
Perceived inclusion climate for leader diversity: conceptualization and scale development
Gip, H., Guchait, P., & Madera, J. M. (2024) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-09-2023-1378 · Cited by 12
Inclusion Management Practices as a Pathway to Enhance Organizational Resilience in Response to a Crisis: An Empirical Test in the Context of the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Li, Y., Song, Y., Wang, M., Wu, Y., Zhu, X. S., & Alonso, A. (2024) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/peps.12669 · Cited by 14
Trailblazing Motivation and Marginalized Group Members: Changing Expectations to Pave the Way for Others
Knowlton, K. K. (2024) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2021.15624 · Cited by 11
Revisiting happiness at work within the hospitality sector: revealing the power of ethical leadership and group diversity
Al-edenat, M., & Hawamdeh, N. A. (2024) · Journal of Organizational Effectiveness People and Performance · doi:10.1108/joepp-04-2024-0153 · Cited by 11
Why is progress toward diverse representation so slow? Contrasting management practice prevalence versus effectiveness for achieving diverse representation
Sitzmann, T., & Schwartz, S. (2024) · Business Horizons · doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2024.12.003 · Cited by 12
Worlds Apart: Does Perceptual Congruence Between Leaders and Older Employees Regarding Age-Friendly Organizational Climate, Management, and Work Design Matter?
Finsel, J. S., Venz, L., Wöhrmann, A. M., Wilckens, M. R., & Deller, J. (2023) · Work Aging and Retirement · doi:10.1093/workar/waad009 · Cited by 11
The impact of diversity statements on age diversity: More than just window-dressing?
Priest, O. D. S., & Krings, F. (2024) · Work Aging and Retirement · doi:10.1093/workar/waae012 · Cited by 13
When You Put It that Way: Framing Gender Equality Initiatives to Improve Engagement among STEM Academics
Farrell, L., Petzel, Z. W., McCormack, T., Turner, R. N., Rafferty, K., & Latu, I. M. (2020) · BioScience · doi:10.1093/biosci/biaa136 · Cited by 12
Not Your Garden (Hose) Variety Emotion: An Integrative Review of the Flows of Anger and a Path Forward
Rees, L. L., & Friedman, R. (2024) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/annals.2022.0160 · Cited by 10
Perceived diversity in teams: Conceptualizations, effects, and new research avenues
Shemla, M., Meyer, B. M., & Grgic, J. (2024) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101925 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Gender quotas influence the appointment of women to precarious leadership positions: A signalling approach
Shemla, M., Ihmels, A., & Wegge, J. (2024) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.12557 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
A Psychological Ownership Perspective on the HR System–LGBT Voice Relationship: The Role of Espousal and Enactment of Inclusion Matters
Lin, Y., & Chang, J. (2023) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/joms.13023 · Cited by 11
Organizational Metastrategies for Younger and Older Workers
Andrei, D. M., & Parker, S. K. (2022) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003089674-22 · Cited by 10
Context matters? The influence of happiness, trust, democracy and economic development on DEI policies in communications in Latin America and the Caribbean
Labarca, C., Sadi, G., & Nobell, A. Á. (2024) · Corporate Communications An International Journal · doi:10.1108/ccij-08-2024-0142 · Cited by 9
Navigating the Moral-Economic Paradox of Diversity Management: Plurality of Stakeholder Perceptions and Coping Strategies
Jaeck, M., Marais, M., Joly, C., & Preuss, L. (2023) · Group & Organization Management · doi:10.1177/10596011231186738 · Cited by 8
Diversity branding by organizations
Meulenaere, K. D., & Boom, L. D. (2024) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101923 · Cited by 10
Practicing Dialogue: How an Organization can Facilitate Diverse Collaborative Action
Heinze, K. L., & Soderstrom, S. B. (2023) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-023-05348-6 · Cited by 9
Bridging the Past, or Breaking From It? Leader Continuity Rhetoric and Nontarget Employee Diversity Initiative Support
Kukula, A., Reinwald, M., Kanitz, R., & Hoegl, M. (2024) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/01492063241281466 · Cited by 9
Workplace Inclusion as a Mediator of the Relationship between Workforce Diversity and Intention to Quit: Results from Indian HEIs
Sharma, A., & Panicker, A. (2022) · Vision The Journal of Business Perspective · doi:10.1177/09722629221115900 · Cited by 8
The Interplay between Human Resource Strategies and Strategic Alignment: A Comprehensive Review of Conceptual and Empirical Literature in the United States
Aiko, A. H. (2023) · Journal of Strategic Management · doi:10.53819/81018102t4170 · Cited by 8

Authors: Nishii, L. H., Khattab, J., Shemla, M., & Paluch, R. M.
Affiliations: Cornell University (US)
University of Virginia (US)
Erasmus University Rotterdam (NL)
ORCID: Shemla, Meir
Paluch, Rebecca M.
Venue: Academy of Management Annals
Publisher: Academy of Management
Published: 2018-01
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Pages: 37-82
ISSN: 1941-6067 (ISSN-L)
1941-6520
DOI: 10.5465/annals.2016.0044
OpenAlex: W2748611186
Cited by: 233
References: 185
Citations by year: 2026: 30 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 5
FWCI: 18.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
pure.eur.nl
Licence: other-oa
Locations: Academy of Management Annals (publishedVersion)
EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Diversity and Inequality
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Team Dynamics and Performance
Keywords: diversity management practices, organizational diversity, managerial diversity, discrimination reduction, organizational performance

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

A second model labelled each claim on 2026-11-04 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

A Multi-Level Process Model for Understanding Diversity Practice Effectiveness

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks