The DOI matches its Crossref record; 299 of the 299 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Algorithms at Work: The New Contested Terrain of Control
Abstract
The widespread implementation of algorithmic technologies in organizations prompts questions about how algorithms may reshape organizational control. We use Edwards’ (1979) perspective of “contested terrain,” wherein managers implement production technologies to maximize the value of labor and workers resist, to synthesize the interdisciplinary research on algorithms at work. We find that algorithmic control in the workplace operates through six main mechanisms, which we call the “6 Rs”—employers can use algorithms to direct workers by restricting and recommending, evaluate workers by recording and rating, and discipline workers by replacing and rewarding. We also discuss several key insights regarding algorithmic control. First, labor process theory helps to highlight potential problems with the largely positive view of algorithms at work. Second, the technical capabilities of algorithmic systems facilitate a form of rational control that is distinct from the technical and bureaucratic control used by employers for the past century. Third, employers’ use of algorithms is sparking the development of new algorithmic occupations. Finally, workers are individually and collectively resisting algorithmic control through a set of emerging tactics we call algoactivism. These insights sketch the contested terrain of algorithmic control and map critical areas for future research.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“For advertisers, algorithmic ad delivery creates uncertainty about the targets they reach and more generally reduces their control over the output of their actions (Kellogg et al., 2020).”
From How online advertising targets consumers: The uses of categories and algorithmic tools by audience planners (2024) · cites this paper as Kellogg et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“Understanding that algorithmic systems are socially constructed and embedded in existing power dynamics also means these systems are neither created nor function outside the biases rooted in the organizational cultures within which they are implemented (Kellogg et al., 2020).”
From Algorithmic management in a work context (2021) · cites this paper as Kellogg et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“However, the use of advanced algorithms cre-ates new opportunities for managers to exercise control over the workforce (Kellogg et al., 2020; Shapiro, 2018).”
From Algorithmic management in a work context (2021) · cites this paper as Kellogg et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“Different from traditional staffing agencies, digital labor platforms manage gig workers via algorithmic management (Kellogg et al., 2020;McDonnell et al., 2021).”
From Gig work and gig workers: An integrative review and agenda for future research (2024) · cites this paper as Kellogg et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“Indeed, gig workers' customer evaluations not only serve as surrogates for their performance ratings but also affect the likelihood of their future orders (Kellogg et al., 2020).”
From Gig work and gig workers: An integrative review and agenda for future research (2024) · cites this paper as Kellogg et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“Management scholars have therefore provided very little insight into AI during the last two decades (Kellogg, Valentine, & Christin, 2020;Lindebaum, Vesa, & den Hond, 2020).”
From Artificial Intelligence and Management: The Automation–Augmentation Paradox (2021) · cites this paper as Kellogg, Valentine, & Christin, 2020
In the citing paper
“Whenever the key actors of an organization negotiate who is authorized (4.1 & 4.3) to modify the AI system and to what extent modification is to be undertaken, dimensions of power and control are on the table (Kellogg et al. 2020;Ren 2019;Vallas and Hill 2012).”
From Keeping the organization in the loop: a socio-technical extension of human-centered artificial intelligence (2023) · cites this paper as Kellogg et al. 2020
In the citing paper
“First, we identify six management functions that algorithms are currently able to perform: monitoring, goal setting, performance management, scheduling, compensation, and job termination.”
From Algorithms as work designers: How algorithmic management influences the design of jobs (2022) · cites this paper as Kellogg et al., 2019
In the citing paper
“However, recent reviews and conceptualizations (Kellogg et al., 2019;Mateescu & Nguyen, 2019a;Schafheitle et al., 2020) consider algorithmic management as a technological phenomenon that is not contingent on the type of organization and can be found in a large array of work contexts.”
From Algorithms as work designers: How algorithmic management influences the design of jobs (2022) · cites this paper as Kellogg et al., 2019
In the citing paper
“Algorithmic control of platforms is used to control the behaviour of users on platforms to achieve the platform owners’ corporate objectives”
From Content Creators Between Platform Control and User Autonomy: The Role of Algorithms and Revenue Sharing (2023) · cites this paper as Kellogg et al. 2020
In the citing paper
“Other studies have found that content creators are ‘leveraging algorithms’ (Kellogg et al. 2020, p. 391) and ‘working around the algorithm’ (Curchod et al. 2020, p. 17) by constantly uploading (Arriagada and Ibáñez 2020), A/B testing (Cotter 2019), and diversifying their incomes (Cutolo and Kenney 2021).”
From Content Creators Between Platform Control and User Autonomy: The Role of Algorithms and Revenue Sharing (2023) · cites this paper as Kellogg et al. 2020
In the citing paper
“Thus, they focus on content and topics that have delivered good key figures in the past, similar to algorithmic rewarding (Kellogg et al. 2020).”
From Content Creators Between Platform Control and User Autonomy: The Role of Algorithms and Revenue Sharing (2023) · cites this paper as Kellogg et al. 2020
In the citing paper
“Previous literature has already identified A/B testing (Cotter 2019), algorithmic gossip (Bishop 2019), and leveraging algorithms (Kellogg et al. 2020) as coping mechanisms.”
From Content Creators Between Platform Control and User Autonomy: The Role of Algorithms and Revenue Sharing (2023) · cites this paper as Kellogg et al. 2020
In the citing paper
“Empirical research shows that freelance platform workers respond to algorithmic control by gaming and at times, sabotaging algorithms to (re)gain control (Gandini, 2019;Kellogg et al., 2020;Newlands, 2020;Veen et al., 2020).”
From Algorithmic human resource management: Synthesizing developments and cross-disciplinary insights on digital HRM (2021) · cites this paper as Kellogg et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“This is the contested-terrain dynamic that the algorithmic management literature describes, deployed in a firm with no specialist function to contest it [21].”
From Borrowed Competence: When AI-Driven HR Builds Startups’ People Capability and When It Hollows It Out (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“The lack of transparency in algorithmic decision-making has been associated with dynamics of control, power, and surveillance (Kellogg et al., 2020).”
From Why do users trust algorithms? A review and conceptualization of initial trust and trust over time (2022) · cites this paper as Kellogg et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“Algorithmic management might perpetuate societal biases and reproduce discriminatory practices at work, whether the discrimination is built into the algorithms, or management's use of the algorithm, or as a result of customer's rating of workers (Noble 2018;Benjamin 2019;Kellogg et al. 2020;Akter et al. 2021;Zajko 2021;Heinrichs 2022).”
From Artificial intelligence and work: a critical review of recent research from the social sciences (2024) · cites this paper as Kellogg et al. 2020
Citations
Cites
(1994) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/0002-8223(94)92216-0 · Cited by 46,726
ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge
Russakovsky, O., Deng, J., Su, H., Krause, J., Satheesh, S., Ma, S., Huang, Z., Karpathy, A., Khosla, A., Bernstein, M., et al. (2015) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/s11263-015-0816-y · Cited by 39,380
The Theory of Social and Economic Organization.
Salomon-Delatour, G., Weber, M., Henderson, A. M., & Parsons, T. (1948) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2086579 · Cited by 11,302
Burt, R. S. (1992) · doi:10.4159/9780674029095 · Cited by 9,093
The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation?
Frey, C. B., & Osborne, M. A. (2017) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2016.08.019 · Cited by 8,727
Wing, J. M. (2006) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/1118178.1118215 · Cited by 8,102
Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology
Poggi, G. (1969) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/003803856900300342 · Cited by 6,851
Braverman, H. (1974) · Monthly Review · doi:10.14452/mr-026-03-1974-07_1 · Cited by 5,505
boyd, D., & Crawford, K. (2012) · Information, Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2012.678878 · Cited by 5,479
The Principles of Scientific Management.
Woolf, L. S., Taylor, F. W., Scott, W. D., & Goldmark, J. C. (1912) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2221959 · Cited by 5,254
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 94
- Ahmed S. I., 2016, Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
- Aloisi A., 2015, Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal, 37, 653
- Autor D. H., 2015, Performance and progress: Essays on capitalism, business and society
- Bailey D., 2019, Academy of Management
- Barocas S., 2016, California Law Review, 104, 671
- Berente N., 2014, Stakeholders, and Measurement (March 26, 2014)
- Beunza D., 2015, Systemic Risk Center
- Bodie M. T., 2017, University of Colorado Law Review, 88, 961
- Borch C., 2016, Socio-Economic Review, 15, 283
- Boyle E., 2018, Understanding latent style, Multithreaded
- Bradley A., 2019, Building our centralized experimental platform, Multithreaded, 2019
- Brayne S., Social Problems
- Brockman J., 2019, Possible minds: Twenty-five ways of looking at AI
- Burawoy M., 1985, The politics of production: Factory regimes under capitalism and socialism
- Calo R., 2017, Columbia Law Review, 117, 1623
- Cameron L., 2018, Academy of Management Annual Meeting
- Cameron L., 2019, 9th Biennial Positive Organizational Scholarship Conference
- Campbell H., 2018, The rideshare guy: A blog and podcast for rideshare drivers
- Chalmers M., 2003, Workshop at the Crossroads: The interaction of HCI and Systems Issues in UbiComp
- Cherry M. A., 2015, Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal, 37, 577
- Christin A., 2017, Big Data & Society, Big Data & Society, 4, 1
- Christin A., 2019, International Journal of Communication
- Colner E., 2018, Three years of erch engineering, Multithreaded
- Common M., 2019, SSRN Electronic Journal
- Corporaal G. F., 2017, Platform sourcing–How fortune 500 firms are adopting online freelancing platforms
- Corporaal G. F., 2019, Reshaping Work Conference
- Crawford K., 2014, Boston College Law Review, 55, 93
- Curchod C., 2019, Administrative Science Quarterly, 1
- Davenport T. H., 2016, Only humans need apply: winners and losers in the age of smart machines
- Davidson A., 2016, The future Of work looks like a UPS truck
- De Stefano V., 2015, Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal, 37, 471
- Deterding S., 2011, CHI 2011 gamification workshop proceedings
- Diakopoulos N., 2016, MIT Technology Review, 17, 2016
- Feller A., 2016, The Washington Post
- Felstiner A., 2011, Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law, 32, 143
- Fourcade M., 2016, Socio-Economic Review, 15, 9
- Glynn P., 2018, Your client engagement program isn’t doing what you think it is, MultiThreaded
- Gomez-Uribe C. A., 2016, ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems (TMIS), 6, 13
- Gupta A., 2018, Crisis Text Line Blog, 2019
- Hall J. V., 2019, Pricing efficiently in designed markets: The case of ride-sharing
- Haraszti M., 1978, A worker in a worker’s state
- Howe J., 2006, Wired Magazine, 14, 1
- Jackson S. R., 2019, MIT Economic Sociology Working Group
- Karunakaran A., 2019, 35th European Group for Organizational Studies pre-colloquium
- Kaynak F. E., 2019, Bootcamps: A new path for occupational entry
- Kellogg K., 2018, Oxford Professional Services Conference
- Kellogg K., Organization Science
- Kessinger R., 2019, MIT Economic Sociology Working Group Seminar
- Kochan T. A., 2019, ILR Review, 72, 3
- Landay J., 2019, Smart interfaces for human-centered AI
- Lanier J., 2018, Harvard Business Review
- Lebovitz S., 2019, Doubting the diagnosis: How artificial intelligence increases ambiguity during professional decision making
- Leonardi P., 2018, Harvard Business Review, 96, 70
- Levy K., 2017, Berkeley Technology Law Journal, 32, 1183
- Levy K., 2018, International Journal of Communication, 12, 23
- Liu Y.-E., 2014, EDM
- Lix K., 2019, Expressly different: Interpretive diversity and team performance
- Lix K., 2019, Kharma scores and team learning in software development gigs
- McClelland M., 2012, Mother Jones
- Mindell D. A., 2015, Our robots, ourselves: Robotics and the myths of autonomy
- Mollick E. R., 2014, The Wharton School research paper series
- Myers J., 2019, An Expanded Role for State Actors: Coordinating Workforce Intermediation Across Multiple Geographies and Industries in Four U.S. States
- Nikolaidis S., 2012, Human-robot teaming using shared mental models
- O’Connor S., 2015, Financial Times, 8
- Pasquale F., 2015, The Hedgehog Review, 17, 30
- Pine K. H., 2016, Conference 2016 Proceedings
- Rahman H., 2017, Reputational ploys: Reputation and ratings in online labor markets
- Rahman H., 2019, From iron cages to invisible cages: Algorithmic evaluations in online labor markets
- Rahman H., 2019, How client managers restrain control to keep control: Evidence from technologically-mediated ‘Gigs’
- Ramsay R. A., 1966, Managers and men: Adventures in industry
- Ranganathan A., 2017, Academy of Management
- Raval N., 2016, Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing
- Rosenblat A., 2016, International Journal of Communication, 10, 3758
- Sachon M., 2017, KUKA: Planning for the future of automation
- Salehi N., 2015, Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
- Scheiber N., 2017, The New York Times, 2
- Scholz T., 2016, Challenging the corporate sharing economy
- Schwartz D., 2018, Work and Occupations, 45, 247, 10.1177/0730888418762263 · DOI
- Segal L., 2014, The decoded company: Know your talent better than you know your customers
- Stanculescu L. C., 2016, Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing, 346
- Sundararajan A., 2016, The sharing economy: The end of employment and the rise of crowd-based capitalism
- Tabrizi B. N., 2019, Harvard Business Review, 13
- Thorp A. A., 2012, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9, 1
- Truelove E., 2019, Integrating the crowd into the firm production process: The critical role of guided mobilization
- Valentine M., 2019, Algorithms and the org chart
- Vancil R. F., 1982, Implementing strategy: The role of top management
- Waardenburg L., 2018, 34th European Group for Organizational Studies (EGOS) Colloquium: Surprise in and around Organizations: Journeys to the Unexpected
- Walz S. P., 2014, The gameful world: Approaches, issues, applications
- Whyte W. H., 1956, The organization man
- Wilson H. J., 2017, Mit Sloan Management Review
- Winner L., 1980, Daedalus, 109, 121
- Wood A., 2019, SASE
- Zhou S., 2018, Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1
- Zhou S., 2018, Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 2,501–2,600 of 2,755
Fluid workers and fluid work arrangements in the age of digital technologies
Tursunbayeva, A., Moschera, L., & Samaan, D. (2026) · Personnel Review · doi:10.1108/pr-08-2026-1679
СТЕРЕОТИПНОЕ МЫШЛЕНИЕ РАБОТНИКОВ КОММЕРЧЕСКИХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ АЛГОРИТМИЗАЦИИ ТРУДА
Кукушкин, А. В., & Глушко, А. Н. (2026) · Человеческий капитал. · doi:10.25629/hc.2026.09.25
Mendes, M. Q., & Figueiredo, F. C. C. D. (2026) · Revista de Geopolítica · doi:10.56238/revgeov17n9-126
Zhang, S., Beerepoot, N., & Teodorescu, D. (2026) · Competition & Change · doi:10.1177/10245294261489028
Krejner-Nowecka, A. (2026) · Wroclaw University of Economics and Business eBooks · doi:10.15611/2026.66.1.07
Batu, N. M., Alan, H., Tonguç, G., Kaya, N., Özekicioğlu, H., Sönmez, S., & Topuz, H. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16091709
From principlism to practice: a five-principle safeguard framework for workplace AI
Guttmann, M. D. (2026) · AI and Ethics · doi:10.1007/s43681-026-01404-9
Wu, Y., Yan, X., & Jiao, Y. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16091688
Stor, M. (2026) · Wroclaw University of Economics and Business eBooks · doi:10.15611/2026.66.1.02
Algorithmic Management and New Psychosocial Risks
Sienkiewicz, Ł. J. (2026) · Wroclaw University of Economics and Business eBooks · doi:10.15611/2026.75.3.08
Zelles, T., Pap, J., & Makó, C. (2026) · Administrative Sciences · doi:10.3390/admsci16090459
Workplace AI Anxiety: Differences by AI Training and Employee Characteristics
Nan, Y., Puad, M. H. M., & Saipudin, N. A. (2026) · Pertanika Journal of Vocational Science and Technology Education · doi:10.47836/pjvste.2.2.01
The Tight–Loose–Tight Framework for Balancing Accountability and Autonomy in Organizations
Colgate, M., & Colgate, O. (2026) · Businesses · doi:10.3390/businesses6030051
Upadhyay, D. (2026) · Leadership & Organization Development Journal · doi:10.1108/lodj-12-2025-1093
Preiß, R., Sarikaya, D., & Herzog, C. (2026) · Digital Society · doi:10.1007/s44206-026-00287-x
Reframing Human Resource Leadership Through Human-Centred AI
Panda, A., Satpathy, I., & Jain, V. K. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-9599-9.ch009
Human-Centered AI in HR Transforming Employee Well-Being and Workplace Culture in the Digital Era
Kanwal, P. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-9599-9.ch007
Artificial Intelligence-Based HR Transformation and Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
Upadhayay, S., Juyal, S., & Verma, D. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-9599-9.ch016
Parthasarathy, B., & Mathew, T. C. (2026) · Studies in Indian Politics · doi:10.1177/23210230261483801
Team Cognition Under Algorithmic Management: Evidence from Distributed Software Development Teams
Paçacı, Ö., Günsel, A., & Bozkurt, S. (2026) · Information · doi:10.3390/info17101039
Who does the work AI creates? Labour reallocation, gender, and governance in tourism
Anning‐Dorson, T. (2026) · Current Issues in Tourism · doi:10.1080/13683500.2026.2737872
Sushil B. Paliwal, J. N. S., Jaid, S. P. T. T. S., & Walse, J. R. R. S. P. (2026) · International Journal of Advanced Research in Science Communication and Technology · doi:10.48175/ijarsct-38439
Ala-Luopa, S., Jarrahi, M. H., & Olsson, T. (2026) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3816898
When AI works, employees worry: the vigilance cost of AI delegation in hybrid work
Zhang, Y., Li, T., & Chen, C. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1914119
Digital Skills and Professional Judgment in AI-Driven Financial Decision-Making
Amdouni, A. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-8536-5.ch006
Chai, Y. (2026) · Digital Transformation and Society · doi:10.1108/dts-01-2026-0039
Emeto, I. C., Etuk, E., Gbaranwi, B. P., Galadima, A. A., & Atamatofa, E. O. (2026) · Journal of Production Operations Management and Economics · doi:10.55529/jpome.61.69.78
Between Sex and Work: Regulating Webcamming Under the Platform Work Directive
Lannier, S., DeLacey, H., Franco, R. S., & Stegeman, H. M. (2026) · Feminist Legal Studies · doi:10.1007/s10691-026-09624-4
AI and the Future of Accessible Work
Piper, A. M., Gergle, D., Bennett, C. L., Shah, M., Fleet, C., Abdolrahmani, A., Aboulafia, A. H., Branham, S. M., Koppman, S., Silverman, A. M., et al. (2026) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/3799433
Mutual Enhancement: Human–AI Collaboration and Corporate Carbon Emission Performance
Ma, Q., & Wu, J. (2026) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18199843
Neuropanopticon and the Self-as-Platform: Neurotechnologies as Power Tools in the Workplace
Mateus, J. (2026) · Ethics and Information Technology · doi:10.1007/s10676-026-09920-2
Nateeprasittiporn, C., & Phinaitrup, B.-A. (2026) · Community and Social Development Journal · doi:10.57260/csdj.2026.287914
Jing, W., & Chan, J. (2026) · Work Employment and Society · doi:10.1177/09500170261468515
Robina-Ramírez, R., Sánchez-González, M., & Leal-Solís, A. (2026) · International Journal of Ethics and Systems · doi:10.1108/ijoes-04-2026-0297
Efe, E. (2026) · Politik Ekonomik Kuram · doi:10.30586/pek.1929134
Carpenter, R. E., Dial, B., Huyler, D., Krouse, A. R., & Sun, J. (2026) · Administrative Sciences · doi:10.3390/admsci16100467
Fear, Blame, and Deservingness: The Moral Economy of AI-Labor Anxiety on Reddit
Iordache, A., Rughiniş, C., Rughinis, R. V., & Țurcanu, D. (2026) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci15100663
Resilience Practices Under Platformed Displacement: A Phenomenology of Refugee Digital Entrepreneurs
Tunçalp, D., & Yetkin, U. (2026) · Information Systems Journal · doi:10.1111/isj.70066
Governing AI Agents in Enterprise Digital Transformation
Ishtaiwi, A. M., Al–Qerem, A., & Aldweesh, A. Y. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-9594-4.ch003
Zorzoli, L. (2026) · Revista Internacional del Trabajo · doi:10.16995/ilrs.26783
Delivering in Extremis: Exploring a Worker-Centered Design Approach for Food Delivery Workers
Alvarado, O., Swinnen, I., & Verbert, K. (2026) · IEEE Jornadas Costarricenses de Investigación en Computación e Informática (JoCICI) · doi:10.1109/jocici69279.2026.11701708
Seyrek, E. (2026) · Sosyal Araştırmalar ve Yönetim Dergisi · doi:10.35375/sayod.2006382
Evenstad, S. B. N. (2026) · IFIP advances in information and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-38610-6_9
Sonnenburg, S. (2026) · management revue · doi:10.31083/mrev43804
Uslu, Y. D., Gedıklı, E., & Yılmaz, E. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10445451/v1
THE COMPLEXITY GAP: AI IN STRATEGIC HCM
BROAINA, R. D. (2026) · Review of Management and Economic Engineering · doi:10.71235/rmee.270
Ragul, P., & Dhanapal, K. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-1318-2.ch004
Georgiou, G. P. (2026) · Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.3389/frai.2026.1933015
How does employee-GenAI collaboration affect employees’ work-family conflict?
Li, S., & Li, J. (2026) · Work · doi:10.1177/10519815261491756
Zorzoli, L. (2026) · Revue internationale du Travail · doi:10.16995/ilrf.26783
Artificial intelligence and labor investment efficiency: evidence from U.S. firms
Xing, K., Xiong, K., Xiao, F., & Zhang, H. (2026) · Journal of International Money and Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jimonfin.2026.103684
Leading With Integrity in the Age of AI
Gomes, A., Pina, M. D. F., Nogueira, N. F. R., Galveias, C., Nedelcuț, A. C., & Farinha, J. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-4478-0.ch001
Ownership is designed, not given: Human–AI fit and work sustainability in platform work
Kashyap, D., & Pandey, M. (2026) · Work · doi:10.1177/10519815261491973
Sha, H., Song, Y., Hao, X., & Jin, G. (2026) · Information Processing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2026.105200
Hybridity for legitimacy building
Cooper, K. R., & Fu, J. S. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780197818275.003.0004
Rodriguez, I. J. T. (2026) · Discover Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1007/s44163-026-02050-0
Navruz-zoda, L., Najmiddinov, S., Норбоев, С., Ibadullaev, E., & Zakirov, M. T. (2026) · Frontiers in Human Dynamics · doi:10.3389/fhumd.2026.1939008
WHO OWNS LABOR? ALIENATION AND ANONYMITY IN SOCIAL MEDIA CULTURE IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF MARX AND TAYLOR
Gümüşboğa, Y. (2026) · Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi · doi:10.19145/e-gifder.1858786
de Freitas, C. R., Luche, J. R. D., & Paris, H. (2026) · Informatics · doi:10.3390/informatics13100161
Alshloul, T., Badawy, H. R. I., Badawy, H. R. I., Almaazmi, K. M. H., Hasan, M. A., & Alzaabi, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2026.1919413
Chen, H., & Zeng, F. (2026) · Journalism Practice · doi:10.1080/17512786.2026.2741864
Affective governance theory: rethinking organisational control in digitally mediated organisations
Mdhluli, N. I. (2026) · Frontiers in Human Dynamics · doi:10.3389/fhumd.2026.1960555
Rajan, L., Mohan, L., George, J., George, A., Thomas, A. T., & Mathew, M. S. (2026) · Frontiers in Sociology · doi:10.3389/fsoc.2026.1959266
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in E-Mentoring
Baciu, C., & Brazelton, B. (2026) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-80686-347-120261015
Gig Worker Social Security: India as a Global Pioneer under the New Labour Law
Majumdar, M. N. (2026) · International Journal of Management and Development Studies · doi:10.31305/ijmds.v15n09.003
Andrae, S. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-4594-7.ch001
Lee, L. (2026) · INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL INTERACTION · doi:10.1145/3776574.3830074
AI-Driven Corporate Social Responsibility
Mustafa, S. A., & Hashem, T. N. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-4609-8.ch002
Government digital economy attention and firm AI investment
Zhao, B., Fang, C., & Jiang, X. (2026) · Finance Research Letters · doi:10.1016/j.frl.2026.110876
Akar, N., Yörük, T., Hatıpoğlu, I., Tosun, Ö., & Özbük, R. M. Y. (2026) · Administrative Sciences · doi:10.3390/admsci16100475
Reframing CSR in the Age of AI
Panda, A., Satpathy, I., & Jain, V. K. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-4609-8.ch010
Leading in the Algorithmic Hospitality Era
Subrahmanyam, S., & Geitany, S. H. A. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-0447-0.ch010
From Algorithmic Control to Ethical Co-Creation
Rena, R., & Aderla, N. R. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-4609-8.ch009
Štarc, J., Šobot, A., & Bilić-Šobot, D. (2026) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su181910101
Liu, J., Zhong, C., Meng, F., Shank, D. B., & Wunsch, D. C. (2026) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2026.103140
Lee, Y., & Reid, E. M. (2026) · Research in organizational behavior · doi:10.1016/j.riob.2026.100239
Ali, B., Nasreen, S., Akram, S., & Nawaz, B. (2026) · Journal of Social Science Perspectives · doi:10.65761/jssp.2026.114
Hew, T. H., Rasiah, R., & Xie, N. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1929386
Shin, W., & Kim, B. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1962689
How Does AI Adoption Affect Efficiency: A J-Curve Pattern?
Lee, Y.-J., Chachare, R., Zhang, X. T., & Liu, X. M. (2026) · World Symposium on Artificial Intelligence (WSAI) · doi:10.1109/wsai70435.2026.11708615
Beyond one-size-fits-all: how adaptability and autonomy shape responsible AI governance
Jarrahi, M. H., Glaser, V. L., & Gehman, J. (2026) · AI and Ethics · doi:10.1007/s43681-026-01439-y
Barbosa, I., & de Oliveira, E. R. (2026) · Management Research The Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management · doi:10.1108/mrjiam-09-2026-2109
Human Resource Development in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: A Common Good Approach
Cooke, F. L., Jiang, Z., & Xie, J. (2026) · Human Resource Development Quarterly · doi:10.1002/hrdq.70034
Xiao, X., & Cheng, Y. (2026) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-026-02239-x
Çögenli, M. Z. (2026) · Fiscaoeconomia · doi:10.25295/fsecon.1993638
Are HR professionals insecure? AI, job insecurity and the re-wiring of workplace learning
Polo, F., Abid, K., & Ahmed, A. (2026) · Journal of Workplace Learning · doi:10.1108/jwl-05-2026-0256
Varavin, Y. V., Козлова, М. В., & Ислям, Г. И. (2026) · Central Asian Economic Review · doi:10.52821/2789-4401-2026-3-112-126
Rakesh, A., Upadhyay, P., & Tewary, A. K. (2026) · International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management · doi:10.1108/ijppm-04-2025-0339
Uddin, A. F. M. A. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7571895
Uddin, A. F. M. A. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7571898
Lubbe, J., & Smuts, H. (2026) · Lecture notes in business information processing · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-38498-0_27
One body, three ledgers: multi-apping, fractional personhood and the plural rider in urban India
Singh, S. K., & Naveli, N. (2026) · Dialectical Anthropology · doi:10.1007/s10624-026-09859-2
Sharma, R. (2026) · Employee Relations · doi:10.1108/er-10-2025-0901
The Centrality of Poverty and Social Class for Career Development
Juntunen, C. L., & Pietrantonio, K. R. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-83986-3_51-1
When algorithmic HRM signals backfire: contestability thresholds in gig worker sensemaking
Duy, P. K., & Le, T. T. (2026) · International Journal of Manpower · doi:10.1108/ijm-02-2026-0138
Resilience of OHS Law and Regulations in a New World of Work
Holm, J., & Selberg, N. (2026) · Handbook series in occupational health sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-88856-4_7-2
Wang, M., & Kunasekaran, P. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1958975
Metadata
- Authors
- Kellogg, K. C., Valentine, M. A., & Christin, A.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Department of Communication Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences
- Venue
- Academy of Management Annals
- Publisher
- Academy of Management
- Published
- 2020-01
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 366-410
- ISSN
- 1941-6067 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-6520
- OpenAlex
- W2990520658
- Cited by
- 2,732
- References
- 284
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1145 · 2025: 477 · 2024: 350 · 2023: 288 · 2022: 247 · 2021: 175 · 2020: 48
- FWCI
- 237.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Academy of Management Annals (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Digital Economy and Work Transformation
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Industrial relations › Legal and Labor Studies
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management Information Systems › Information Systems Theories and Implementation
- Keywords
- algorithmic control, contested terrain, labour process theory, rational control, employee resistance, worker evaluation, worker discipline
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
