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Cited by 3Open Source Software InnovationsDigital Platforms and EconomicsSoftware Engineering Techniques and Practices

Desarrollo Floss y gobernanza de pares: el caso del entorno de escritorio Gnome

Open access
Zanotti, Agustín, Vélez, Juan Gabriel·2020·International Journal of Innovation
DOI 10.5585/iji.v8i3.17114
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Abstract

Objective of the study: The article analyzes the case of GNOME, one of the most popular Free/ Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) projects, started in 1997. The concept of peer governance describes the interaction and convergence of companies, foundations, voluntary users and professionals in its development.Methodology/ approach: The research is based on the documentary method and an organizational history approach. For this, primary and secondary digital sources were collected: institutional and FLOSS sites, blogs, community lists, documents and platforms.Originality/ Relevance: The work allows progress, from a sociotechnical perspective, in understanding FLOSS developments and the coevolution of their technical components and community dynamics.Main results: Three levels of governance are identified: 1. the software itself; 2. the community; 3. the ecosystem. Development cycles; community participation and organization; actors and business models, definitions and controversies, are analyzed. GNOME's trajectory is marked by the confluence of interests and coopetition between corporate actors and the FLOSS ecosystem. The life cycle shows a constant activity, which implies redefinition of its components, technological infrastructure and leadership. It is not exempt from controversies and bifurcations, similar to those evidenced in projects of this type.Theoretical/ methodological contributions: It contributes to the concept of peer governance and its usefulness for case analysis. Reflection on data sources and research resources on the Internet is promoted.Social/ managerial contributions: It contributes to the understanding of new forms of management and decision-making in technological development projects.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

This article analyzes the trajectory of GNOME, one of the most popular FLOSS desktop environments (started in 1997), through the concept of peer governance, identifying three governance levels: the software itself, the community, and the ecosystem. It argues GNOME's evolution reflects coevolution of technical components and community dynamics, marked by coopetition among corporate actors, foundations, and volunteers.

Key findings

  • Three levels of peer governance are identified: (1) the software itself, (2) the community, and (3) the ecosystem, each with two analytical dimensions (development evolution/organization and infrastructure; foundation/community activities; actor relations/FLOSS insertion).
  • GNOME's lifecycle shows gradual decline in participation from 2011 to 2020: active contributors fell from 1,270 to 780 and commits from 38,500 to 24,323 (GNOME, 2020g).
  • By 2019 GNOME reached ~16.3 million lines of code, estimated as equivalent to 5,143 person-years of work and a total value of US$282 million (Open Hub, 2019); the GitLab repository had 418 subprojects and Bugzilla had over 227,000 resolved bugs.
  • The 2010 GNOME Census found over 70% of participants identify as volunteers, while over 70% of commits are made by paid developers; Red Hat was the largest contributor (11 of the top 20 developers were current or past employees).
  • The GNOME Foundation's Advisory Board includes Debian, Endless, FSF, Google, Private Internet Access, Red Hat, Sugar Labs, SUSE, The Document Foundation, System76, and Canonical (joined 2017); small firms pay US$11,500 annually and medium/large firms US$23,000, though most income comes from donations (largest single donation US$1 million in 2018).
  • GNU/Linux desktop distributions hold roughly 1.7%–1.8% of the desktop OS market share (Netmarketshare, 2020; Statcounter, 2020).

Methods

  • Documentary method with an organizational history approach, drawing on social constructivism of technology and the concept of sociotechnical trajectory (Thomas, 2008; Bijker, 1993).
  • Primary and secondary digital sources: GNOME GitLab and Bugzilla; third-party sources (Open Hub, Netmarketshare, Statcounter); institutional sites and community lists (GNOME, News GNOME, Wiki GNOME, Planet GNOME); FLOSS sites (Muylinux, Phoronix); GNOME Foundation documents and release notes; and blogs (blogs.gnome.org, Liberal Murmurs).
  • Sources were analyzed chronologically and selected intentionally by relevance; cross-verification of data and description of data sources were followed, along with ethical/privacy recommendations for digital social science methods (Roberts et al., 2016).

Limitations

  • The paper states a limitation in the lack of updated census data, which would allow weighting each actor's incidence across the project's lifecycle; it suggests future research could deepen available platform and third-party data.
  • Evident from the text: the study relies entirely on secondary/documentary sources rather than primary interviews or surveys, and the most recent quantitative participation data cited (the GNOME Census) dates from 2010, while the participation figures cover only 2011–2020.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.5585/iji.v8i3.17114

Cites

42 of 42 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

2 of 59 cited sources checked · 1 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

  • Findingnone given

    GNOME's lifecycle shows constant activity, implying redefinition of its components, technological infrastructure, and leaderships.

    “El ciclo de vida muestra una actividad constante, que implica redefinición de sus componentes, infraestructura tecnológica y liderazgos.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    The paper identifies three levels of governance in GNOME: the software itself, the community, and the ecosystem.

    “Se identifican tres niveles de gobernanza: 1. el software propiamente dicho; 2. la comunidad; 3. el ecosistema.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The three levels of governance (software, community, ecosystem) are sufficient for analyzing GNOME.
  • Findingcitation

    GNOME governance has been organized since 2000 through the GNOME Foundation.

    “La gobernanza de GNOME se organiza desde el año 2000 a través de la GNOME Foundation (de Icaza, 2002).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites de Icaza, 2002

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Findingnone given

    GNOME's trajectory is marked by the confluence of interests and coopetition between corporate actors and the FLOSS ecosystem.

    “La trayectoria de GNOME está marcada por la confluencia de intereses y coopetición entre actores corporativos y el ecosistema FLOSS.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The concept of peer governance describes the interaction and convergence of companies, foundations, voluntary users and professionals in GNOME's development.
  • Premisecitation

    The literature's definition of innovation as strictly linked to the firm is insufficient in relevant practical cases, as shown by the history of ICT and FLOSS innovations.

    “La historia de las innovaciones relacionadas con las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) y los proyectos FLOSS han mostrado, sin embargo, que esta definición es insuficiente en casos prácticos relevantes (Tuomi, 2002).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Tuomi, 2002

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 83
  • May combine two claims. 45

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    It is common to find an organizational structure of projects divided into two main groups: core and periphery.

    “Es común encontrar una estructura organizativa de los proyectos dividida en dos grupos principales: core y periferia.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Motta et al., 2019 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Peters (2009) referred to potentially harmful effects of a large number of paid developers in a project: intrinsic motivations that attracted a developer can erode and be replaced by purely economic ones.

    “Peters (2009) se ha referido a efectos potencialmente perjudiciales de un gran número de desarrolladores pagos en un proyecto: las motivaciones intrínsecas que atrajeron a un desarrollador pueden erosionarse y reemplazarse por una puramente económica.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Peters, 2009 source

      The paper’s text on p. 1 describes collaboration between individuals and companies, meritocracy, and new ways of working. Searches for paid developers and for intrinsic motivation being replaced by economic motivation found no passage addressing the claimed harmful effect. (LLM, conf=0.74)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    The 1.x series had three releases over the following two years.

    “La serie 1.x tuvo tres lanzamientos durante los siguientes dos años.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Findingnone given

    GNOME's trajectory is not exempt from controversies and forks, similar to those evidenced in projects of this type.

    “Ella no exenta de controversias y bifurcaciones, similares a las evidenciadas en proyectos de este tipo.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    GTK+ was developed as the base of GNOME, a platform that supports different programming languages.

    “El GIMP ToolKit (GTK+) fue desarrollado como base de GNOME, una plataforma que soporta diferentes lenguajes de programación.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingcitation

    GNOME applications are licensed with GPL.

    “En tanto sus aplicaciones son licenciadas con GPL (GNOME, 2020c).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites GNOME, 2020c

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    According to its founding charter, the GNOME Foundation coordinates GNOME releases and determines which projects are part of it.

    “De acuerdo a su Carta de fundación, entre sus objetivos encontramos: • La Fundación coordinará las versiones de GNOME y determinará qué proyectos forman parte.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites GNOME, 2000

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    From the start, GNOME had strong sponsorship from Red Hat, which hired developers to continue the project full-time.

    “Desde el inicio contó con fuerte patrocinio de Red Hat, firma pionera en negocios basados en FLOSS, quien contrató a los desarrolladores para continuar el proyecto a tiempo completo:”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    GNOME version 0.0 was published in August 1997 and included only a simple application and a set of libraries.

    “La primera versión (0.0) se publicó en agosto de 1997 e incluía sólo una aplicación simple y un conjunto de bibliotecas.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    De Icaza developed Midnight Commander, applications like Gnumeric, the Bonobo component model, and the Mono platform.

    “De Icaza desarrolló el administrador de archivos Midnight Commander, aplicaciones como Gnumeric, el modelo de componentes Bonobo y la plataformas Mono.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites de Icaza, 2002

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    The Board of Directors is the body that governs the foundation.

    “La Junta Directiva es el organismo que gobierna la fundación.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingcitation

    Mono generated controversy because it was a .Net implementation under Microsoft licenses.

    “Esta última generaría cierta controversia por tratarse de una implementación de .Net, bajo licencias de Microsoft (de Icaza, 2002).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites de Icaza, 2002

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    The Foundation has an Advisory Board formed by sponsoring companies and organizations.

    “La Fundación cuenta además con una Junta Asesora formada por empresas y organizaciones patrocinantes.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    The GNOME Foundation acts as an official voice for the project, providing communication with press and commercial and non-commercial organizations.

    “• Actuará como una voz oficial para el proyecto, proporcionando un medio de comunicación con la prensa y con organizaciones comerciales y no comerciales interesadas en el software.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites GNOME, 2000

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    GNOME's toolkit and libraries use GNU LGPL, allowing linked software to use a broader set of licenses including proprietary ones.

    “Desde sus inicios, el kit de herramientas y sus bibliotecas utilizan una Licencia Pública General Reducida (LGPL) de GNU, que permite que el software vinculado con ella utilice un conjunto más amplio de licencias, incluidas las de software propietario.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites GNOME, 2020c

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    Federico Mena Quintero participates in the Board of Directors.

    “Participa de la Junta Directiva uno de sus fundadores, Federico Mena Quintero.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    GNOME version 1.0 was launched in March 1999 and integrated into Red Hat Linux as the default desktop.

    “La versión 1.0 se lanzó en marzo de 1999 y se integró en Red Hat Linux como escritorio predeterminado.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    Mena Quintero began coordinating Gimp, perfected Midnight Commander, and developed the Evolution calendar, among other contributions.

    “Mena Quintero comenzó coordinando Gimp, perfeccionó Midnight Commander y desarrolló el calendario Evolution, entre otros aportes.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    Current Advisory Board members include Debian, Endless, FSF, Google, Private Internet Access, Red Hat, Sugar Labs, SUSE, The Document Foundation, System76, and Canonical, which joined in 2017.

    “Actualmente integran la Junta Asesora: Debian, Endless, FSF, Google, Private Internet Access, Red Hat, Sugar Labs, SUSE, The Document Foundation, System76 y Canonical, que se sumó en 2017 (GNOME, 2020b).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites GNOME, 2020b

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    The Foundation sponsors events such as GUADEC.

    “Patrocina asimismo eventos como GUADEC (GNOME User and Developer European Conference).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingcitation

    In 2019, the Diversity and Inclusion Team was formed in GNOME.

    “En 2019 se conformó además el Equipo de diversidad e inclusión en GNOME:”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    To renew the community and add beginners, GNOME has developed initiatives such as the Newcomers Guide and the Community Engagement Challenge, with economic incentives for projects in the form of prizes.

    “Con el objetivo de renovar la comunidad y sumar principiantes, GNOME ha desarrollado diferentes iniciativas como la Newcomers Guide y el Community Engagement Challenge, con incentivos económicos para proyectos en forma de premios (GNOME, 2020b).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites GNOME, 2020b

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingcitation

    Linus Torvalds has expressed dissatisfaction on some occasions.

    “Referentes como el propio Linus Torvalds han expresado disconformidad en algunas oportunidades (Muylinux, 2011).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Muylinux, 2011

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingcitation

    In 2020, GUADEC was organized for the first time outside Europe, in Mexico.

    “En 2020 se organizó por primera vez fuera del continente europeo, en México (GNOME, 2020d).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites GNOME, 2020d

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Findingnone given

    The Foundation acted in defense of GNOME trademark ownership, which was disputed on one occasion.

    “La Fundación actuó en defensa de la propiedad de la marca GNOME, la cual le fue disputada en una oportunidad.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    In 1996, KDE and Xfce developments started, but both used proprietary licensed libraries, Qt and Xforms respectively.

    “En 1996 se iniciaron los desarrollos de KDE y de Xfce, pero ambos utilizaban librerías con licencia privativa, Qt y Xforms respectivamente.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    In the period 2011 to 2020, GNOME experienced a gradual decline in active collaborators (from 1270 to 780) and in commits (from 38500 to 24323).

    “Encontramos un paulatino declive tanto en la cantidad de colaboradores activos (de 1270 a 780) como en sus commits (de 38500 a 24323) (GNOME, 2020g).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites GNOME, 2020g

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • Rests on an assumption: The number of active collaborators and commits are valid indicators of GNOME's project activity and lifecycle decline.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    Throughout its history, the project faced funding crises, such as in 2009, which jeopardized the foundation's continuity.

    “A lo largo de su historia el proyecto atravesó algunas crisis de financiamiento, como en 2009, que pusieron en jaque la continuidad de la fundación,”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingreasoning

    As a result, engineering problems, poor performance, instability, or lack of maturity of releases are reported, causing some distributions to delay their incorporation.

    “A raíz de ello se reportan problemas de ingeniería, mal rendimiento e inestabilidad, o falta de madurez de los lanzamientos, lo cual hace que ciertas distribuciones retrasen su incorporación.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingcitation

    GNOME has faced criticism of the design and functioning of its interfaces, especially from the 3.x series, which considerably innovated its visual appearance.

    “GNOME ha enfrentado críticas al diseño y funcionamiento de sus interfaces, sobre todo a partir de la serie 3.x, la cual innovó considerablemente su aspecto visual.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingcitation

    GNOME anticipates one of its curses: the inability to achieve massive adoption of end users.

    “GNOME anticipa lo que sería una de sus maldiciones: la incapacidad de alcanzar una adopción masiva de usuarios finales:”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    Over time, KDE adapted to GPL licenses and Xfce abandoned its proprietary components.

    “Con el paso del tiempo, KDE se adecuó a las licencias GPL y Xfce abandonó sus componentes privativos.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    planet.gnome.org is a news feed for sharing experiences and ideas about the FLOSS world.

    “Entre los espacios comunitarios destaca planet.gnome.org,un feed de novedades para compartir experiencias e ideas respecto al mundo FLOSS.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    Since 2006, the Foundation runs an internship program with rounds organized twice a year.

    “Desde 2006 lleva un programa de pasantías con rondas organizadas dos veces al año.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    The Advisory Board represents the interests of organizations, meets regularly with the Board of Directors to define project direction and provide support.

    “La Junta Asesora se encarga de representar los intereses de organizaciones, reuniéndose regularmente con la Junta Directiva para definir la dirección del proyecto y prestar apoyo.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingcitation

    The GNOME community is defined by four pillars: independence, freedom, connection, and people orientation.

    “La comunidad GNOME se define a partir de cuatro pilares: independencia, libertad, conexión y orientación a las personas (GNOME, 2020a).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites GNOME, 2020a

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Findingreasoning

    Another axis of criticism toward GNOME relates to the lack of objectives and decisions that orient its development.

    “Otro eje de crítica hacia GNOME se relaciona con la falta de objetivos y las decisiones que orientan su desarrollo.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingreasoning

    Although GNOME's use has expanded with friendlier distributions, the objective is still far from being reached.

    “Si bien su uso se ha ampliado de la mano de distribuciones más amigables, el objetivo está aún lejos de alcanzarse 9 .”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingcitation

    Several campaigns were carried out in later years to broaden desktop participation, such as 10×10, which aimed to reach 10% market by 2010.

    “Varias campañas se realizaron en años posteriores para ampliar la participación en el escritorio, como 10×10 (que pretendía llegar al 10% de mercado para el 2010)(GNOME Wiki, 2005).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites GNOME Wiki, 2005

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    The Foundation received anonymous large donations, the largest being 1 million dollars in 2018.

    “Llegó por otra parte a recibir donaciones anónimas de gran volumen, siendo la mayor de 1 millón de dólares en 2018 (GNOME News, 2018).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites GNOME News, 2018

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    The Foundation also had to face patent infringement lawsuits, the last case in 2019.

    “También debió afrontar demandas por violaciones de patentes, siendo el último caso en 2019 (GNOME News, 2019).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites GNOME News, 2019

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    The project has several communication channels, including mailing lists and IRC.

    “El proyecto cuenta con varios canales de comunicación, incluyendo listas de distribución e IRC.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    Small firms pay US$11,500 annually, medium and large firms pay US$23,000 to the Advisory Board.

    “Las pequeñas firmas hacen un pago anual de U$S 11 500, las medianas y grandes de U$S 23 000.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    The Foundation has an executive director, operations director, program coordinator, strategic initiatives manager, GTK development team lead, chief systems engineer, and DevOps engineer.

    “En su operatoria, la Fundación cuenta con un Director ejecutivo; Director de operaciones; Coordinador de programas, Gerente de iniciativas estratégicas; Líder de equipo de desarrollo GTK; Ingeniero jefe de sistemas e Ingeniero DevOps (GNOME, 2019c).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites GNOME, 2019c

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    The project has developed a code of conduct that defines accepted and rejected behaviors.

    “El proyecto ha desarrollado un código de conducta que define una serie de comportamientos aceptados y rechazados:”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingcitation

    The GitLab repository has 418 linked subprojects that are part of its components and applications.

    “El repositorio Gitlab cuenta al momento con 418 subproyectos vinculados, que forman parte de sus componentes y aplicaciones (GNOME Gitlab, 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites GNOME Gitlab, 2020

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingcitation

    At the time of the inquiry, Bugzilla maintained more than 227,000 resolved and corrected bugs.

    “Al momento de la indagación, la plataforma mantenía más de 227 000 bugs resueltos y corregidos (GNOME Bugzilla, 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites GNOME Bugzilla, 2020

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    These informational commons resources occupy a central role in current economies.

    “Estos recursos ocupan un rol central en las economías actuales (Benkler, 2017).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Benkler, 2017 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    FLOSS projects form part of informational commons based on symmetric use rights, as opposed to asymmetric exclusive rights.

    “Forman parte de un grupo de bienes comunes informacionales, basados en derechos de uso simétricos, por oposición a derechos exclusivos asimétricos (Hess y Ostrom, 2007).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Hess y Ostrom, 2007

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Premisenone given

    In large projects there is an ecology of communities and subcommunities that share governance and produce artifacts that are usually shared.

    “En los grandes proyectos existe una ecología de comunidades y subcomunidades que comparten una gobernanza y producen artefactos que usualmente son compartidos.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Premisenone given

    The characteristics of FLOSS allow companies to establish simultaneous relations of cooperation and competition, giving rise to the term coopetition.

    “Las características del FLOSS permiten a las empresas establecer relaciones simultáneas de cooperación y competencia, dando lugar al término coopetición.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Premisenone given

    One of the principles of coopetition is to avoid redundant work and free access to source code.

    “Uno de sus principios es evitar el trabajo redundante y liberar el acceso al código fuente.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Premisenone given

    Projects release stable versions after each development cycle, and generally keep the process accessible through open platforms.

    “Los proyectos liberan versiones estables luego de cada ciclo de desarrollo, y en general mantienen accesible el proceso mediante plataformas abiertas.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    GNOME reached about 16.3 million lines of code in 2019.

    “GNOME alcanzó en 2019 unas 16,3 millones de líneas de código.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Open Hub, 2019

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Part of this vision is associated with its use by a niche of programmers or advanced users, who prefer efficiency over user experience.

    “Parte de esta visión se asocia a su utilización por un nicho de programadores o usuarios avanzados, que prefiere la eficiencia por sobre la experiencia de usuario.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    According to estimates, this implies work equivalent to 5143 persons during one year, generating a total value of US$282 million.

    “Según estimaciones, ello implicaría un trabajo equivalente a 5143 personas durante un año, lo cual genera un valor total de U$S 282 millones(Open Hub, 2019).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Open Hub, 2019

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    The study followed methodological recommendations for using secondary sources, cross-verification of data, and description of data sources.

    “Las recomendaciones metodológicas seguidas corresponden al uso de fuentes secundarias, la verificación cruzada de datos y la descripción de fuentes de datos.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The documentary sources used are reliable and sufficient to reconstruct GNOME's history and governance.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    By 2003, GNOME had almost two million lines of code and more than 500 collaborators distributed worldwide.

    “Hacia 2003, el escritorio sumaba casi dos millones de líneas de código y más de 500 colaboradores distribuidos en el mundo(German, 2003).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites German, 2003 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The project has two stable editions annually since 2002, published in March and September.

    “El proyecto contempla dos ediciones estables anuales desde 2002, publicadas en marzo y septiembre (GNOME, 2020g).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites GNOME, 2020g

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Code uses existing free/open licenses, distinguishing between reciprocal (viral) licenses, which require maintaining open source conditions, and permissive licenses, which enable derived closed developments.

    “El código utiliza licencias libres/abiertas existentes, pudiendo distinguirse entre licencias recíprocas (o virales), que obligan a mantener las condiciones de código abierto, y licencias permisivas, que habilitan desarrollos cerrados derivados 2 .”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Wheeler (2017)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The GNOME project was organized into four main module groups: required libraries, core applications, secondary applications, and others.

    “El proyecto se organizó en cuatro grupos principales de módulos: (a) bibliotecas requeridas (como las de interfaz gráfica, impresión, procesamiento XML, CORBA); (b) aplicaciones principales (como sus applets, un editor, un administrador de ventanas y configuración); (c) aplicaciones secundarias y (d) otros (varias docenas de módulos y aplicaciones no pertenecientes al núcleo de GNOME)(German, 2003”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites German, 2003 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The imprint of founders and the need for permanent recruitment of participants for project survival have been noted.

    “También se ha constatado la impronta de los fundadores y la necesidad de un reclutamiento permanente de participantes para la supervivencia del proyecto (Zanotti, 2014;Cheng et al., 2017).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Zanotti, 2014

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Cheng et al., 2017 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Meetings serve to strengthen and celebrate bonds and common identity.

    “Los encuentros sirven para el fortalecimiento y la celebración de los vínculos y la identidad común (Coleman, 2010).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Coleman, 2010 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation

    The study complied with ethical, privacy, and safeguarding recommendations for digital methods in social sciences, as well as prescriptions on use of data generated by digital platforms.

    “Se cumplen recomendaciones éticas, de privacidad y resguardo en el caso de los métodos digitales para ciencias sociales, así como las prescripciones sobre uso de datos generados por plataformas digitales (Roberts et al., 2016).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Roberts et al., 2016

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The participation of companies is interpreted as a mechanism that channels user demand, specific end-user requirements, and greater market contact.

    “Se interpreta la participación de las empresas como un mecanismo que canaliza la demanda de los usuarios, los requisitos específicos de los usuarios finales y que tienen mayor contacto por intermedio del mercado (Berdou, 2010).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Berdou, 2010

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Berdou (2007) observed that an increasing number of developers work remunerated for GNOME.

    “Berdou (2007) observó que un número cada vez mayor de desarrolladores trabajan en forma remunerada para GNOME.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Berdou, 2007

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Some modules may have an unofficial sponsoring firm that employs paid developers to do the work.

    “Algunos pueden contar con una firma patrocinadora no oficial, que emplea desarrolladores pagos para realizar el trabajo(German, 2003).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites German, 2003 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Social aspects significantly influence how the project evolves over time.

    “Los aspectos sociales también influyen significativamente en la forma en que el proyecto evoluciona a lo largo del tiempo, tal como han mostrado investigaciones precedentes(Mens y Goeminne, 2011).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Mens y Goeminne, 2011

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Premisenone given

    Throughout its history, GNOME disputed the desktop environment with KDE, started in 1996.

    “A lo largo de su historia GNOME disputó el entorno de escritorio con KDE, iniciado en 1996.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Infrastructure and core application modules have been maintained mostly by paid developers from companies like RedHat, Novell, Intel, and Canonical, while volunteers tend to maintain secondary applications and libraries.

    “También se observa que los módulos de infraestructura y aplicaciones core han sido mantenidos de forma mayoritaria por desarrolladores pagos de empresas como RedHat, Novell, Intel y Canonical; mientras que los voluntarios tienden a mantener aplicaciones secundarias y librerías (Neary y David, 2010).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Neary y David, 2010

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Premisenone given

    GNOME established from the start a relationship with the GNU Project and the FSF, two founding institutions of FLOSS.

    “GNOME estableció desde el inicio en relación con el Proyecto GNU y la FSF, dos instituciones fundantes del FLOSS.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    The history of GNOME is closely associated with volunteers, companies, projects, and FLOSS foundations, the most prominent members of the GNOME Foundation Advisory Board.

    “Como vimos, la historia de GNOME está estrechamente asociada a voluntarios, empresas, proyectos y fundaciones FLOSS, siendo los más protagónicos integrantes de la Junta Asesora de la GNOME Foundation.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisenone given

    At the ecosystem level, governance of FLOSS projects has the challenge of keeping different actors united.

    “En el nivel del ecosistema, la gobernanza de proyectos FLOSS tiene como desafío mantener unidos a diferentes actores.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: When governance of FLOSS projects fails to keep different actors united, forks are common, taking the project's code to give it a new direction.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Paid contributions maintain an active role in the community, although a broad periphery exists.

    “Esto significa que los aportes remunerados mantienen un rol activo en la comunidad, aunque existe una amplia periferia.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    We find controversies around the adoption of GNOME, its usability, and development.

    “Encontramos controversias en torno a la adopción de GNOME, su usabilidad y desarrollo.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    This behavior is common in FLOSS companies, which make contributions while testing business models.

    “Este comportamiento es habitual en empresas FLOSS, que realizan aportes mientras ensayan modelos de negocio asociados.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Industry sources place GNU/Linux distributions at around 1.7%-1.8% of the desktop operating system market share.

    “Fuentes de la industria ubican a las distribuciones GNU/Linux en torno al 1,7%-1,8% de la cuota de mercado de sistemas operativos de escritorio (Netmarketshare, 2020; Statcounter, 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Netmarketshare, 2020

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Statcounter, 2020

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Certain new licenses attempt to restrict business models based on providing software as a service; the Commons Clause prevents third parties from selling the software, forcing referral to original developers.

    “Ciertas nuevas licencias intentan, en este sentido, restringir modelos de negocio basados en el suministro de software como servicio.Tal es el caso de la Commons Clause, cláusula que impide a terceros la venta del software, obligando a remitirse a los desarrolladores originales (The Commons Clause, 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites The Commons Clause, 2020

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    Its lifecycle shows constant activity, implying redefinition of components, technological infrastructure, and orientation.

    “Su ciclo de vida muestra una actividad constante, que implica redefinición de componentes, infraestructura tecnológica y orientación.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The post 'Do we need to rethink what free software is?' generated wide discussion about the validity of free licenses in relation to unfair uses by corporations and governments.

    “El posteo replicado en planet.gnome.org,Do we need to rethink what free software is?, generó recientemente amplia discusión.El tema es la vigencia de las licencias libres en relación a ciertos usos desleales de parte de corporaciones y gobiernos (Garrett, 2019):”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Garrett, 2019

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The rivalry between GNOME and KDE does not prevent joint events like the Free Desktop Summit.

    “La rivalidad entre GNOME y KDE no impide que realicen eventos conjuntos como la Free Desktop Summit (Alleyne, 2011).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Alleyne, 2011 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    In 2019, Richard Stallman, head of the FSF since 1985, was involved in a scandal that ended up driving his resignation.

    “Un reciente cuestionamiento sucedió en 2019, cuando Richard Stallman -al frente de la FSF desde su inicio en 1985-, se vio involucrado en un escándalo que terminó motorizando su renuncia (Mcgovern, 2019).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Mcgovern, 2019

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Voluntary contributions rank first in quantity (23.5%), followed by undetermined (17%).

    “Con todo, los aportes voluntarios se ubican en el primer lugar en cuanto a cantidad (23,5%), seguidos por aquellos sin determinar (17%) (Neary y David, 2010).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Neary y David, 2010

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Desktop development implies intensive interaction with various software levels, so GNOME ends up involved in the entire system.

    “Tal como propone uno de sus referentes, el desarrollo del escritorio implica una interacción intensiva con varios niveles de software, por lo que GNOME termina involucrándose en el sistema entero:”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites The GNOME Way, 2017

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    GNU/Linux is a success in technology, academia, and industry, but not on the desktop.

    “GNU/Linux es un caso de éxito en el mundo tecnológico, academia e industria 8 .Sin embargo, no ha sido así en el escritorio.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Ubuntu always maintained GNOME as default desktop, but once it reached a broad user base it sought to differentiate with its own window manager (Unity) and other developments; after some years it returned to adhere to GNOME, joining its Foundation in 2017.

    “Aunque siempre mantuvo el escritorio GNOME por defecto, una vez alcanzada una amplia base de usuarios buscó diferenciarse con un gestor de ventanas propio (Unity) y otros desarrollos.Al cabo de unos años, volvió a adherirse a GNOME, incorporándose a su Fundación en 2017 (Muylinux, 2017).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Muylinux, 2017

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    This link has been tensioned at times due to ideological differences between free software and open source, where some developers favored the latter term.

    “Este vínculo se ha visto sin embargo tensionado en algunas oportunidades, en función de las diferencias ideológicas entre software libre y open source, donde algunos desarrolladores se manifestaron en favor del último término (Muylinux, 2009).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Muylinux, 2009

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The transition from volunteer-based communities to growing company participation is a constant in successful FLOSS projects.

    “La transición de comunidades basadas en voluntariado a una creciente participación de empresas, es una constante en proyectos FLOSS exitosos y ha sido abordado por la literatura(Daniel et al., 2011;González-Barahona y Robles, 2013).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Daniel et al., 2011

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites González-Barahona y Robles, 2013

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The latest available data is the GNOME Census conducted in 2010.

    “Los últimos datos disponibles son el Censo GNOME realizado en 2010.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Neary y David, 2010

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    The environment still manages to converge interests between corporate and community actors to maintain leadership as a GNU/Linux desktop.

    “Más allá de esto, el entorno sigue logrando converger intereses entre actores corporativos y comunitarios para mantener un liderazgo como escritorio GNU/Linux.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    Over the years, GNOME became one of the longest-lasting projects in the FLOSS ecosystem.

    “Con el paso de los años, GNOME se constituyó en uno de los proyectos de mayor duración dentro del ecosistema FLOSS.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    GNOME 3 achieved acceptance and remains the default desktop in the main distributions.

    “Más allá de las recepciones iniciales, GNOME 3 logró aceptación y se mantiene como escritorio por defecto en las principales distribuciones.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    The project demonstrates regularity in releases and development cycles, while constant innovation in its components, infrastructure, and platforms enabling collaborative work and productivity.

    “El proyecto demuestra una regularidad en los lanzamientos y ciclos de desarrollo, al tiempo que una innovación constante en sus componentes, infraestructura y plataformas que habilitan el trabajo colaborativo y la productividad.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    It is not exempt from conflicts and drifts, similar to those evidenced in other projects of its type.

    “Ella no está exenta de conflictos y derivas, similares a las evidenciadas en otros proyectos de su tipo.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
94 of 94

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    GNOME is one of the most popular FLOSS projects.

    “El artículo analiza el caso de GNOME, uno de los proyectos Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) más populares, iniciado en 1997.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The concept of peer governance describes the interaction and convergence of companies, foundations, voluntary users and professionals in GNOME's development.

    “El concepto de gobernanza de pares describe la interacción y convergencia de empresas, fundaciones, usuarios voluntarios y profesionales en su desarrollo.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The three levels of governance (software, community, ecosystem) are sufficient for analyzing GNOME.

    “Se identifican tres niveles de gobernanza: 1. el software propiamente dicho; 2. la comunidad; 3. el ecosistema.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The documentary sources used are reliable and sufficient to reconstruct GNOME's history and governance.

    “La investigación se basa en la recopilación de fuentes secundarias: sitios institucionales y temáticos, blogs, listas de comunidad, fuentes de datos oficiales y de terceras partes, extraídos de plataformas digitales.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The number of active collaborators and commits are valid indicators of GNOME's project activity and lifecycle decline.

    “Encontramos un paulatino declive tanto en la cantidad de colaboradores activos (de 1270 a 780) como en sus commits (de 38500 a 24323) (GNOME, 2020g).”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    When governance of FLOSS projects fails to keep different actors united, forks are common, taking the project's code to give it a new direction.

    “Cuando esto no sucede, es habitual que se produzcan bifurcaciones o forks, tomando el código del proyecto para darle una nueva dirección.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The GNOME Census 2010 data, though the latest available, are sufficiently representative to characterize the GNOME community's volunteer/paid composition.

    “Los últimos datos disponibles son el Censo GNOME realizado en 2010.”
7 of 7

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • The methods describe both primary and secondary sources, but the introduction says secondary only

    Minor

    The introduction says the research is based on secondary sources, whereas the methods section explicitly says it uses both primary and secondary sources.

1 of 1

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 44 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 13

  1. Benkler, Y., Shaw, A. y Hill, B. M. (2015). Peer production: A form of collective intelligence en T. W. Malone y M. S. Bernstein (Eds.), Handbook of collective intelligence (pp. 175- 204). The MIT Press.
  2. Bohnsack, R. (2014). Documentary method en U. Flick (Ed.), The SAGE handbook of qualitative data analysis (pp. 217-233). SAGE.
  3. Zanotti, A., & Vélez, J. G. (2020, Sept./Dec.). Desarrollo Floss y gobernanza de pares: el caso del entorno de escritorio Gnome. Articles International Journal of Innovation -IJI, São Paulo, 8(3), p. 438-465, Sept./Dec. 2020
  4. Chesbrough, H. y Bogers, M. (2014). Explicating Open Innovation: Clarifying an Emerging Paradigm for Understanding Innovation en H. Chesbrough, W. Vanhaverbeke y J. West, (Eds.), New Frontiers in Open Innovation. Oxford University Press.
  5. Daniel, S., Maruping, L., Cataldo, M., y Herbsleb, J. (2011). When cultures clash: Participation in open source communities and its implications for organizational commitment en ICIS 2011 Proceedings 7.
  6. Garrett, M. (26 de septiembre de 2019). Do we need to rethink what free software is? mjg59's journal. https://mjg59.dreamwidth.org/52907.html.
  7. Zanotti, A., & Vélez, J. G. (2020, Sept./Dec.). Desarrollo Floss y gobernanza de pares: el caso del entorno de escritorio Gnome. Articles International Journal of Innovation -IJI, São Paulo, 8(3), p. 438-465, Sept./Dec. 2020
  8. Zanotti, A., & Vélez, J. G. (2020, Sept./Dec.). Desarrollo Floss y gobernanza de pares: el caso del entorno de escritorio Gnome. Articles International Journal of Innovation -IJI, São Paulo, 8(3), p. 438-465, Sept./Dec. 2020
  9. Mens, T. y Goeminne, M. (2011). Analysing the evolution of social aspects of open source software ecosystems en Jansen, Bosch, Ahmed, y Campell (Eds.), Proceedings of the Workshop on Software Ecosystems (pp. 1-14).
  10. Zanotti, A., & Vélez, J. G. (2020, Sept./Dec.). Desarrollo Floss y gobernanza de pares: el caso del entorno de escritorio Gnome. Articles International Journal of Innovation -IJI, São Paulo, 8(3), p. 438-465, Sept./Dec. 2020
  11. Zanotti, A., & Vélez, J. G. (2020, Sept./Dec.). Desarrollo Floss y gobernanza de pares: el caso del entorno de escritorio Gnome. Articles International Journal of Innovation -IJI, São Paulo, 8(3), p. 438-465, Sept./Dec. 2020
  12. Vélez, J. G. y Zanotti, A. (2020). La producción en comunidades FLOSS: empresas, fundaciones y governance en H. Morero y J. Motta (Eds.), La economía del software libre y open source: Multinacionales, Pymes y Comunidades (pp. 55-75). Estudios Sociológicos.
  13. Zanotti, A. (2014). Comunidades de software libre en Argentina: motivaciones, participación, militancia. Perspectivas de la Comunicación, 7(2), 55-74.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Zanotti, A., & Vélez, J. G.
Affiliations
Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (AR)
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Innovation
Publisher
University Nove de Julho
Published
2020-12-17
Volume
8
Issue
3
Pages
438-465
ISSN
2318-9975 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.5585/iji.v8i3.17114
OpenAlex
W3112381483
Cited by
3
References
44
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 1
FWCI
0.47
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal of Innovation (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Acta Académica (Acta Académica) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Science Applications › Open Source Software Innovations
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Digital Platforms and Economics
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Keywords
gnomes, free and open source software, open source software development, developer communities, coopetition, software development lifecycle, community participation, business models, socio-technical systems

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-10-08.

Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-10-08.

Cited sources are checked by gpt-6-sol.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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