ChatGPT in action: Harnessing artificial intelligence potential and addressing ethical challenges in medicine, education, and scientific research

Performance of ChatGPT on USMLE: Potential for AI-assisted medical education using large language models

Kung, T. H., Cheatham, M., Medenilla, A., Sillos, C., De Leon, L., Elepaño, C., Madriaga, M., Aggabao, R., Diaz-Candido, G., Maningo, J., et al. (2023) · PLOS Digital Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0000198 · Cited by 4,115 · see citing works

ChatGPT Utility in Healthcare Education, Research, and Practice: Systematic Review on the Promising Perspectives and Valid Concerns

Sallam, M. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11060887 · Cited by 3,126 · see citing works

GPT-3: Its Nature, Scope, Limits, and Consequences

Floridi, L., & Chiriatti, M. (2020) · Minds and Machines · doi:10.1007/s11023-020-09548-1 · Cited by 2,519 · see citing works

How Does ChatGPT Perform on the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE)? The Implications of Large Language Models for Medical Education and Knowledge Assessment

Gilson, A., Safranek, C. W., Huang, T., Socrates, V., Chi, L., Taylor, R. A., & Chartash, D. (2023) · JMIR Medical Education · doi:10.2196/45312 · Cited by 2,078 · see citing works

ChatGPT: five priorities for research

van Dis, E. A. M., Bollen, J., Zuidema, W., van Rooij, R., & Bockting, C. L. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-023-00288-7 · Cited by 1,842 · see citing works

ChatGPT is fun, but not an author

Thorp, H. H. (2023) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.adg7879 · Cited by 1,437 · see citing works

ChatGPT listed as author on research papers: many scientists disapprove

Stokel-Walker, C. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-023-00107-z · Cited by 868 · see citing works

ChatGPT: the future of discharge summaries?

Patel, S. B., & Lam, K. (2023) · The Lancet Digital Health · doi:10.1016/s2589-7500(23)00021-3 · Cited by 728 · see citing works

Abstracts written by ChatGPT fool scientists

Else, H. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-023-00056-7 · Cited by 611 · see citing works

Tools such as ChatGPT threaten transparent science; here are our ground rules for their use

(2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-023-00191-1 · Cited by 605 · see citing works

A Conversation on Artificial Intelligence, Chatbots, and Plagiarism in Higher Education

King, M. R., & chatGPT (2023) · Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering · doi:10.1007/s12195-022-00754-8 · Cited by 602 · see citing works

Generating scholarly content with ChatGPT: Ethical challenges for medical publishing

Liebrenz, M., Schleifer, R., Buadze, A., Bhugra, D., & Smith, A. (2023) · The Lancet Digital Health · doi:10.1016/s2589-7500(23)00019-5 · Cited by 594 · see citing works

Open artificial intelligence platforms in nursing education: Tools for academic progress or abuse?

O’Connor, S., & ChatGPT (2023) · Nurse Education in Practice · doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2022.103537 · Cited by 585 · see citing works

AI bot ChatGPT writes smart essays — should professors worry?

Stokel-Walker, C. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-022-04397-7 · Cited by 543 · see citing works

“What Can ChatGPT Do?” Analyzing Early Reactions to the Innovative AI Chatbot on Twitter

Taecharungroj, V. (2023) · Big Data and Cognitive Computing · doi:10.3390/bdcc7010035 · Cited by 489 · see citing works

Evaluating GPT as an Adjunct for Radiologic Decision Making: GPT-4 Versus GPT-3.5 in a Breast Imaging Pilot

Rao, A. S., Kim, J., Kamineni, M., Pang, M., Lie, W., Dreyer, K. J., & Succi, M. D. (2023) · Journal of the American College of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2023.05.003 · Cited by 481 · see citing works

Ethical and social risks of harm from Language Models

Weidinger, L., Mellor, J., Rauh, M., Griffin, C., Uesato, J., Huang, P.-S., Cheng, M., Glaese, M., Balle, B., Kasirzadeh, A., et al. (2021) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2112.04359 · Cited by 477 · see citing works

GPT-3: What’s it good for?

Dale, R. (2020) · Natural Language Engineering · doi:10.1017/s1351324920000601 · Cited by 461 · see citing works

AI for life: Trends in artificial intelligence for biotechnology

Holzinger, A., Keiblinger, K., Holub, P., Zatloukal, K., & Müller, H. (2023) · New Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.nbt.2023.02.001 · Cited by 438 · see citing works

ChatGPT: Evolution or revolution?

Gordijn, B., & Have, H. T. (2023) · Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s11019-023-10136-0 · Cited by 317 · see citing works

This new conversational AI model can be your friend, philosopher, and guide ... and even your worst enemy

Chatterjee, J., & Dethlefs, N. (2023) · Patterns · doi:10.1016/j.patter.2022.100676 · Cited by 263 · see citing works

ChatGPT: friend or foe?

Health, T. L. D. (2023) · The Lancet Digital Health · doi:10.1016/s2589-7500(23)00023-7 · Cited by 257 · see citing works

Evaluating ChatGPT as an Adjunct for Radiologic Decision-Making

Rao, A., Kim, J., Kamineni, M., Pang, M., Lie, W., & Succi, M. D. (2023) · doi:10.1101/2023.02.02.23285399 · Cited by 257 · see citing works

Can ChatGPT draft a research article? An example of population-level vaccine effectiveness analysis

Macdonald, C., Adeloye, D., Sheikh, A., & Rudan, I. (2023) · Journal of Global Health · doi:10.7189/jogh.13.01003 · Cited by 243 · see citing works

Want To Reduce Labeling Cost? GPT-3 Can Help

Wang, S., Liu, Y., Xu, Y., Zhu, C., & Zeng, M. (2021) · Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP (Findings of EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2021.findings-emnlp.354 · Cited by 208 · see citing works

Can ChatGPT pass the life support exams without entering the American heart association course?

Fijačko, N., Gosak, L., Štiglic, G., Picard, C. T., & John Douma, M. (2023) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109732 · Cited by 206 · see citing works

Ethical ChatGPT: Concerns, Challenges, and Commandments

Zhou, J. J., Müller, H., Holzinger, A., & Chen, F. (2024) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics13173417 · Cited by 168 · see citing works

Patent claim generation by fine-tuning OpenAI GPT-2

Lee, J.-S., & Hsiang, J. (2020) · World Patent Information · doi:10.1016/j.wpi.2020.101983 · Cited by 160 · see citing works

Analysis of large-language model versus human performance for genetics questions

Duong, D., & Solomon, B. D. (2023) · doi:10.1101/2023.01.27.23285115 · Cited by 159 · see citing works

Analysis of large-language model versus human performance for genetics questions

Duong, D., & Solomon, B. D. (2024) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41431-023-01396-8 · Cited by 159 · see citing works

One Small Step for Generative AI, One Giant Leap for AGI: A Complete Survey on ChatGPT in AIGC EraPreprint

Zhang, C.-N., Zhang, C.-S., Li, C., Qiao, Y., Zheng, S., Dam, S. K., Zhang, M.-C., Kim, J. U., Kim, S., Choi, J., et al. (2023) · arXiv.org · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2304.06488 · Cited by 158 · see citing works

Are ChatGPT and AlphaCode going to replace programmers?

Castelvecchi, D. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-022-04383-z · Cited by 138 · see citing works

To ChatGPT or not to ChatGPT? The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Academic Publishing

Curtis, N. C., & ChatGPT (2023) · The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal · doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000003852 · Cited by 138 · see citing works

ChatGPT, An Artificial Intelligence Chatbot, Is Impacting Medical Literature

Lubowitz, J. H. (2023) · Arthroscopy · doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2023.01.015 · Cited by 132 · see citing works

A conversation with ChatGPT on the role of computational systems biology in stem cell research

Cahan, P., & Treutlein, B. (2023) · Stem Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.12.009 · Cited by 125 · see citing works

Medically Aware GPT-3 as a Data Generator for Medical Dialogue Summarization

Chintagunta, B., Katariya, N., Amatriain, X., & Kannan, A. (2021) · doi:10.18653/v1/2021.nlpmc-1.9 · Cited by 122 · see citing works

I Asked a ChatGPT to Write an Editorial About How We Can Incorporate Chatbots Into Neurosurgical Research and Patient Care…

D'Amico, R. S., White, T. G., Shah, H. A., & Langer, D. J. (2023) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/neu.0000000000002414 · Cited by 118 · see citing works

New meaning for NLP: the trials and tribulations of natural language processing with GPT-3 in ophthalmology

Nath, S., Marie, A., Ellershaw, S., Korot, E., & Keane, P. A. (2022) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2022-321141 · Cited by 116 · see citing works

Initial impressions of <scp>ChatGPT</scp> for anatomy education

Mogali, S. R. (2024) · Anatomical Sciences Education · doi:10.1002/ase.2261 · Cited by 113 · see citing works

One Small Step for Generative AI, One Giant Leap for AGI: A Complete Survey on ChatGPT in AIGC EraPreprint

Zhang, C., Zhang, C., Li, C., Qiao, Y., Zheng, S., Dam, S. K., Zhang, M., Kim, J. U., Kim, S. T., Park, G., et al. (2023) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.24789.70883 · Cited by 94 · see citing works

The Radicalization Risks of GPT-3 and Advanced Neural Language Models

McGuffie, K., & Newhouse, A. (2020) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2009.06807 · Cited by 86 · see citing works

Artificial intelligence-assisted psychosis risk screening in adolescents: Practices and challenges

Cao, X., & Liu, X. (2022) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v12.i10.1287 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

The moral authority of ChatGPTPreprint

Krügel, S., Ostermaier, A., & Uhl, M. (2023) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2301.07098 · Cited by 54 · see citing works

The Capacity for Moral Self-Correction in Large Language Models

Ganguli, D., Askell, A., Schiefer, N., Liao, T. I., Lukošiūtė, K., Chen, A., Goldie, A., Mirhoseini, A., Olsson, C., Hernandez, D., et al. (2023) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2302.07459 · Cited by 53 · see citing works

Are Chatbots Ready for Privacy-Sensitive Applications? An Investigation into Input Regurgitation and Prompt-Induced SanitizationPreprint

Priyanshu, A., Vijay, S., Kumar, A., Naidu, R., & Mireshghallah, F. (2023) · arXiv.org · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2305.15008 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

Issues in the 3rd year of the COVID-19 pandemic, including computer-based testing, study design, ChatGPT, journal metrics, and appreciation to reviewers

Huh, S. (2023) · Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions · doi:10.3352/jeehp.2023.20.5 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Artificial intelligence and ChatGPT in the legal context

Gandhi, P., & Talwar, V. (2023) · Indian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.25259/ijms_34_2023 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

GPT-4 Technical Report

OpenAI, Achiam, J., Adler, S., Agarwal, S., Ahmad, L., Akkaya, I., Aleman, F. L., Almeida, D., Altenschmidt, J., Altman, S., et al. (2023) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2303.08774

Embracing the future of Artificial Intelligence in the classroom: the relevance of AI literacy, prompt engineering, and critical thinking in modern education

Walter, Y. (2024) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-024-00448-3 · Cited by 1,113 · see citing works

Google DeepMind’s gemini AI versus ChatGPT: a comparative analysis in ophthalmology

Masalkhi, M., Ong, J., Waisberg, E., & Lee, A. G. (2024) · Eye · doi:10.1038/s41433-024-02958-w · Cited by 130 · see citing works

Ethical dilemmas in using AI for academic writing and an example framework for peer review in nephrology academia: a narrative review

Miao, J., Thongprayoon, C., Suppadungsuk, S., Garcia Valencia, O. A., Qureshi, F., & Cheungpasitporn, W. (2023) · Clinics and Practice · doi:10.3390/clinpract14010008 · Cited by 111 · see citing works

AI and Ethics: A Systematic Review of the Ethical Considerations of Large Language Model Use in Surgery Research

Pressman, S. M., Borna, S., Gomez-Cabello, C. A., Haider, S. A., Haider, C. R., & Forte, A. J. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12080825 · Cited by 111 · see citing works

Chain of Thought Utilization in Large Language Models and Application in Nephrology

Miao, J., Thongprayoon, C., Suppadungsuk, S., Krisanapan, P., Radhakrishnan, Y., & Cheungpasitporn, W. (2024) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina60010148 · Cited by 108 · see citing works

Current status of ChatGPT use in medical education: potentials, challenges, and strategies

Xu, T., Weng, H., Liu, F., Yang, L., Luo, Y., Ding, Z., & Wang, Q. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/57896 · Cited by 84 · see citing works

Beyond the Scalpel: Assessing ChatGPT's potential as an auxiliary intelligent virtual assistant in oral surgery

Suárez, A., Jiménez, J., de Pedro, M. L., Vázquez, C. A., García, V. D., Sánchez, M. G., & Freire, Y. (2023) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2023.11.058 · Cited by 82 · see citing works

ChatGPT in finance: Applications, challenges, and solutions

Khan, M. S., & Umer, H. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24890 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

Artificial intelligence in endodontics: Data preparation, clinical applications, ethical considerations, limitations, and future directions

Mohammad‐Rahimi, H., Sohrabniya, F., Ourang, S. A., Dianat, O., Aminoshariae, A., Nagendrababu, V., Dummer, P. M. H., Duncan, H. F., & Nosrat, A. (2024) · International Endodontic Journal · doi:10.1111/iej.14128 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

Artificial intelligence in undergraduate medical education: an updated scoping review

Simoni, J., Urtubia-Fernandez, J., Mengual, E., Simoni, D. A., Royo, M., Egaña-Yin, D., Hertog, O. L. A., López-Ortiz, L., Muñoz-Tomás, A., Santiago-Martínez, P., et al. (2025) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-025-08188-2 · Cited by 62 · see citing works

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Learning on Nursing Students' Ethical Decision-making and Clinical Reasoning in Pediatric Care

Shin, H., De Gagne, J. C., Kim, S. S., & Hong, M. (2024) · CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing · doi:10.1097/cin.0000000000001177 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

Large language models in medicine: A review of current clinical trials across healthcare applications

Omar, M., Nadkarni, G. N., Klang, E., & Glicksberg, B. S. (2024) · PLOS Digital Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0000662 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

A thorough examination of ChatGPT-3.5 potential applications in medical writing: A preliminary study

Dergaa, I., Saad, H. B., Glenn, J. M., Aissa, M. B., Taheri, M., Swed, S., Guelmami, N., & Chamari, K. (2024) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000039757 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

Ethics of AI in healthcare: a scoping review demonstrating applicability of a foundational framework

Gorelik, A. J., Li, M., Hahne, J., Wang, J., Ren, Y., Yang, L., Zhang, X., Liu, X., Wang, X., Bogdan, R., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2025.1662642 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

The Role of ChatGPT in the Advancement of Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease

Chlorogiannis, D., Apostolos, A., Chlorogiannis, A., Palaiodimos, L., Giannakoulas, G. A., Pargaonkar, S., Xesfingi, S., & Kokkinidis, D. G. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11212906 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Using ChatGPT in Psychiatry to Design Script Concordance Tests in Undergraduate Medical Education: Mixed Methods Study

Hudon, A., Kiepura, B., Pelletier, M., & Phan, V. (2024) · JMIR Medical Education · doi:10.2196/54067 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

ChatGPT, the perfect virtual teaching assistant? Ideological bias in learner-chatbot interactions

Poucke, M. V. (2024) · Computers & composition/Computers and composition · doi:10.1016/j.compcom.2024.102871 · Cited by 36 · see citing works

Harnessing the benefits of ChatGPT for radiography education: A discussion paper

Amedu, C., & Botwe, B. O. (2023) · Radiography · doi:10.1016/j.radi.2023.11.009 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Perceptions and Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Medical Students: A Multicenter Survey

Tran, C., Hryciw, B. N., Moore, S. W., Chaput, A., & Seely, A. J. E. (2025) · Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development · doi:10.1177/23821205251391969 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

ChatGPT as an aid for pathological diagnosis of cancer

Malik, S., & Zaheer, S. (2023) · Pathology - Research and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.prp.2023.154989 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

ChatGPT integration significantly boosts personalized learning outcomes: A Philippine study

Agbong-Coates, I. J. (2024) · International Journal of Educational Management and Development Studies · doi:10.53378/353067 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Navigating ChatGPT in ASEAN Higher Education: Ethical and Pedagogical Perspectives

Buragohain, D., & Chaudhary, S. (2025) · Computer Applications in Engineering Education · doi:10.1002/cae.70062 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Exploring the Use of Large Language Model-Driven Chatbots in Virtual Reality to Train Autistic Individuals in Job Communication Skills

Li, Z., Babar, P. P., Barry, M., & Peiris, R. L. (2024) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3613905.3651996 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Artificial Intelligence Diagnosing of Oral Lichen Planus: A Comparative Study

Yu, S., Sun, W., Mi, D., Jin, S., Wu, X. F., Xin, B., Zhang, H., Wang, Y., Sun, X., & He, X. J. (2024) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering11111159 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Negotiating identity in the age of ChatGPT: non-native English researchers’ experiences with AI-assisted academic writing

Hu, H., Zhou, Q., & Hashim, H. B. (2025) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-025-05351-4 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Challenges for AI in Healthcare Systems

Bertl, M., Lamo, Y., Leucker, M., Margaria, T., Mohammadi, E., Mukhiya, S. K., Pechmann, L., Piho, G., & Rabbi, F. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-73741-1_11 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

New Insights into Valve Hemodynamics

Marom, G., & Einav, S. (2020) · Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal · doi:10.5041/rmmj.10400 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

ChatGPT in Education

Yang, S., Dong, Y., & Yu, Z. G. (2024) · International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education · doi:10.4018/ijicte.346826 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Evaluating AI performance in nephrology triage and subspecialty referrals

Koirala, P., Thongprayoon, C., Miao, J., Valencia, O. A. G., Sheikh, M. S., Suppadungsuk, S., Mao, M. A., Pham, J. H., Craici, I. M., & Cheungpasitporn, W. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-88074-5 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Perceptions, Usage, and Educational Impact of ChatGPT Among Medical Students in Germany: Cross-Sectional Mixed Methods Survey

Fußhöller, A., Lechner, F., Schlicker, N., Muehlensiepen, F., Mayr, A. J., Kühn, S., Hirsch, M. C., & Knitza, J. (2025) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/81484 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Harnessing Generative AI for Enhanced Web Application Security

Tariq, M. U. (2024) · Advances in web technologies and engineering book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-3703-5.ch008 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Artificial intelligence in orthopaedic education, training and research: a systematic review

Banskota, B., Bhusal, R., Yadav, P. K., & Banskota, A. K. (2025) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-025-08162-y · Cited by 12 · see citing works

An IoT ‐based multiple teaching quality evaluation method for English translation with improved deep learning

Lai, N. (2024) · Engineering Reports · doi:10.1002/eng2.12896 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

The global evolution and impact of systems biology and artificial intelligence in stem cell research and therapeutics development: a scoping review

Silva-Sousa, T., Usuda, J. N., Al-Arawe, N., Frias, F., Hinterseher, I., Catar, R. A., Luecht, C., Riesner, K., Hackel, A. M., Schimke, L. F., et al. (2024) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1093/stmcls/sxae054 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Using Large Language Models to Extract Core Injury Information From Emergency Department Notes

Choi, D. H., Kim, Y., Choi, S. W., Kim, K. H., Choi, Y. H., & Shin, S. D. (2024) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e291 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

ScreenGPT – A mesterséges intelligencia alkalmazásának lehetőségei és korlátai a primer, szekunder és tercier prevencióban

Angyal, V., Bertalan, Á., Domján, P., & Dinya, E. (2024) · Orvosi Hetilap · doi:10.1556/650.2024.33029 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Ophthalmic drug discovery and development using artificial intelligence and digital health technologies

Cheng, H., Wong, J. L. Y., Quek, C. W. N., Goldberg, J. L., Mahajan, V. B., Wong, T. Y., Mehta, J. S., Ting, D. S. W., & Ting, D. S. J. (2025) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01954-y · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Delving into PubMed records: some terms in medical writing have drastically changed after the arrival of ChatGPT

Matsui, K. (2024) · doi:10.1101/2024.05.14.24307373 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

The role of artificial intelligence (AI) in improving technical and managerial cybersecurity tasks’ efficiency

Gafni, R., & Levy, Y. M. (2024) · Information and Computer Security · doi:10.1108/ics-04-2024-0102 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Application of transformer architectures in generative video modeling for neurosurgical education

McLean, A. L., & Gutierrez-Pineda, F. (2024) · International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11548-024-03266-0 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Generative Role-Play Communication Training in Virtual Reality for Autistic Individuals: A Study on Job Coach Experiences in Vocational Training Programs

Li, Z., Babar, P. P., & Peiris, R. L. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713507 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

ChatGPT-Assisted Decision-Making: An In-Depth Exploration of the Human–AI Interaction

Mustata, M. A., Iliescu, D., Mavriș, E., Jude, C.-R., Bojor, L., Tudorache, P., Cîrdei, I. A., Hrab, D.-E., Aluculesei, A.-C., Răpan, I., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2025.2499165 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Artificial Intelligence for Virtual Reality: State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

Wang, Y., Guizani, M., & Hossain, M. S. (2025) · ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications · doi:10.1145/3769090 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Impact of generative AI in medical education in India: a systematic review

Mateen, A., Kumar, V., Singh, A. K., Yadav, B., Mahto, M., Hassan, A., & Nasir, N. (2025) · Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1704785 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Knowledge, attitude, and perceptions of MENA researchers towards the use of ChatGPT in research: A cross-sectional study

Jaber, S. A., Hasan, H. E., Alzoubi, K. H., & Khabour, O. F. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41331 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

ChatGPT as a Digital Co-Educator: Promoting Students' Responsible and Ethical Use of OpenAI tools in Educational ContextsPreprint

Habiba, U., & Partho, P. P. B. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4329543/v1 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

A Case Study of Sustainable Development in Hospitals in Thailand Using ChatGPT

Siripipatthanakul, S., Chaiprakarn, S., Rungsiyanont, S., & Phuangsuwan, P. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-9800-5.ch001 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Prospects and perils of ChatGPT in diabetes

Sridhar, G. R., & Gumpeny, L. (2025) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v16.i3.98408 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Welches Potential hat ChatGPT 3.5 für eine qualifizierte Patienteninformation?

Keyßer, G., Pfeil, A., Reuss-Borst, M. A., Frohne, I., Schultz, O., & Sander, O. (2024) · Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie · doi:10.1007/s00393-024-01535-6 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Artificial Intelligence Advancements in Cardiomyopathies: Implications for Diagnosis and Management of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy

Salavati, A., van der Wilt, C. N., Calore, M., van Es, R., Rampazzo, A., van der Harst, P., van Steenbeek, F. G., van Tintelen, J. P., Harakaľová, M., & Riele, A. S. J. M. T. (2024) · Current Heart Failure Reports · doi:10.1007/s11897-024-00688-4 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Narrative Review on Its Research Applications and Limitations

On, S.-W., Cho, S.-W., Park, S., Ha, J.-W., Yi, S.-M., Park, I.-Y., Byun, S., & Yang, B. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14041363 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Nursing students’ perceptions and ethical considerations of ChatGPT usage in nursing education: A cross-sectional study

Sultan, H. M., Sam, B. J., & Pillai, R. R. (2025) · Teaching and learning in nursing · doi:10.1016/j.teln.2025.06.010 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

The role of ChatGPT on academic research: perspectives from filipino students across diverse educational levels

Cabuquin, J. C., Acidre, M. A. S. T., Manabat, M. A. A., Aruta, M. G. H., Sangutan, J., & Yu, R. F. B. (2024) · Salud Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias · doi:10.56294/sctconf2024.1205 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Navigating the future of pediatric cardiovascular surgery: Insights and innovation powered by Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT)

Mehta, R., Reitz, J. G., Venna, A. M., Selçuk, A., Dhamala, B., Klein, J. H., Sawda, C. N., Haverty, M. C., Yerebakan, C., Tongut, A., et al. (2025) · Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2025.01.022 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Developing and Evaluating the Use of ChatGPT as a Screening Tool for Nurses Conducting Structured Literature Reviews: Proof of Concept Study Results

Mudd, A., Conroy, T., Voldbjerg, S. L., Goldschmied, A. Z., Feo, R., & Schuwirth, L. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.17818 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Artificial intelligence/machine learning and journalology: Challenges and opportunities

Shah, P. S., & Acharya, G. (2024) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.14772 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Assessing the influence of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) on awareness and behavior in medical research integrity: An online survey study

Peng, X., Cai, Y., Hu, D., Guo, Y., Liu, H., Wu, X., & Hu, Q. (2025) · Accountability in Research · doi:10.1080/08989621.2025.2554696 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

A systematic review on the generative AI applications in human medical genetics

Changalidis, A. I., Barbitoff, Y. A., Nasykhova, Y. A., & Glotov, A. S. (2026) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2025.1694070 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Artificial Intelligence in Surgical Research: Transformative Impacts and Evolving Ethical Challenges

Morris, M., Rustom, F., Chun, B., Limon, D., Raghavan, N., Guo, L.-F., & Rajesh, A. (2025) · The American surgeon · doi:10.1177/00031348251409740 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Minimal Units of Consciousness and Possible Evolution of Intelligence

Funk, R. H. W. (2024) · European journal of applied sciences · doi:10.14738/aivp.123.17049 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Exploring academics' perspectives on the future implementation of ChatGPT for advancing AI-based precision education: a preliminary study in a developing country

Ahmed, H. O. K. (2024) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-024-20307-7 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Scientific Peer Review in an Era of Artificial Intelligence

Kadri, S., Dorri, N., Osaiweran, M., Garyali, P., & Petković, M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-4060-4_23 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

TeacherTec: The Potentials and Limitations of AI in Educational Chatbots from Mexican Undergraduates’ Perspective

Rosas-Meléndez, S. A., Chans, G. M., López-Velázquez, P. M., Álvarez-Siordia, F. M., & Camacho-Zúñiga, C. (2024) · Lecture notes on data engineering and communications technologies · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-9255-9_13 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Evaluation of the impact of large language learning models on publications in the Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery

Miller, A. S., Tyagi, A., Sudah, S. Y., Rompala, A., Nicholson, A. D., Srikumaran, U., & Menendez, M. E. (2025) · JSES International · doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.05.027 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Prevalence, Devices Used, Reasons for Use, Trust, Barriers, and Challenges in Utilizing Generative AI among Tertiary Students

Miranda, J. P. P., Bansil, J. A., Fernando, E. Q., Gamboa, A. B., Hernandez, H. E., Cruz, M., Dianelo, R. F. B., Gonzales, D., & Penecilla, E. (2024) · International Conference on Technology Innovation and Its Applications (ICTIIA) · doi:10.1109/ictiia61827.2024.10761175 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Adoption of K-means clustering algorithm in smart city security analysis and mythical experience analysis of urban image

Han, H. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0319620 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

The Ethical Implications of Using AI in Qualitative Research

Hitch, D., Richards, K., Gupta, A., Thanekar, U., Edwards, J., & Goldingay, S. (2025) · CABI eBooks · doi:10.1079/9781800626607.0013 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

The medicine of the past, present, and future generations: From Sir William Osler to ChatGPT

Delcea, C., & Buzea, A. (2024) · Medicina Clínica Práctica · doi:10.1016/j.mcpsp.2024.100433 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Enhancing dental clinical education through AI: insights into post-clinical summaries

Luo, F., Li, J., Zhang, T., Huang, B., Jiang, L., Hua, C., & Hu, P. (2026) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-026-08774-y · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Navigating the Ethical Landscape

Bhardwaj, S., Sharma, M., Dixit, J. K., Agrawal, V., Agarwal, S., & Saxena, A. (2024) · Advances in educational technologies and instructional design book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-1798-3.ch013 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

A Comprehensive Analysis of Public Sentiment Towards ChatGPT’s Privacy Implications

Tang, L. R., & Bashir, M. N. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-61281-7_19 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Digitalization of Educational Resources in Pre-tertiary Education in Ghana: Assessing Impact, Challenges, and Opportunities in Enhancing Learning Outcomes

Malcalm, E., Boakye, I., & Asiedu, E. (2024) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-6106-7_11 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Human or Machine? A Comparative Analysis of Artificial Intelligence–Generated Writing Detection in Personal Statements

Goodman, M. A., Lee, A., Schreck, Z., & Hollman, J. H. (2025) · Journal of Physical Therapy Education · doi:10.1097/jte.0000000000000396 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Exploring the Potential of ChatGPT for the Summarization of Patient Medical Histories: A Pilot Study

Karino, M., So, C., Jinta, T., Tanaka, M., Nakamura, T., Okafuji, K., Kitamura, A., Tomishima, Y., & Nishimura, N. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.84133 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Evolution of artificial intelligence writing tools in domain of scientific writing: A threat to human writing and its ethical considerations

Durrani, N., Imran, M., & Saeed, R. (2025) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1615_24 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Ethical Challenges and Guidelines for AI Deployment in Healthcare

Kanetkar, S. R., & Thorat, V. M. (2024) · doi:10.1002/9781394272266.ch21 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

¿Es capaz GPT-4 de aprobar el MIR 2023? Comparativa entre GPT-4 y ChatGPT-3 en los exámenes MIR 2022 y 2023

Cerame, Á., Juaneda, J., Estrella-Porter, P., la Puente, L. D., Navarro, J., García, E., Martínez, D. A. S., & Carrasco, J. P. (2024) · Revista Española de Educación Médica · doi:10.6018/edumed.604091 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Assessing ChatGPT's cybersecurity implications in Saudi Arabian healthcare and education sectors: A comparative study

Alsadhan, A. A. (2024) · Nutrition and Health · doi:10.1177/02601060241289975 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

From algorithms to answers: a comparative analysis of popular search engines and large language models on clubfoot patient education

Pereira, D. E., Guissé, N. F., Siddabattula, R., Perugini, J. M., & Hosseinzadeh, P. (2025) · Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B · doi:10.1097/bpb.0000000000001287 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Choices of Artificial Intelligence ( AI ): ChatGPT's Solutions to Ethical Dilemmas in Bipolar Disorder Care

D’Souza, R. F., Surapaneni, K. M., Mathew, M., Amanullah, S., & Tandon, R. (2025) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.70059 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

High-Achieving Rural Youth and Math and Science Talent Development: An Application of SCCT

Sommers, T. A., Ali, S. R., Mahatmya, D., Foley‐Nicpon, M., & Assouline, S. G. (2025) · Journal of Career Development · doi:10.1177/08948453251375947 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

ChatGPT-4's Consistency, Specificity, and Inclusion of Behavior Change Techniques in Delivering Smoking Cessation Advice in Traditional Chinese: A Content Analysis

Xie, X. Y., Zhang, M. J., Cheung, Z. J. K., Luk, T. T., Wang, M. P., Lam, T. H., & Cheung, Y. T. D. (2025) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaf267 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Generative artificial intelligence in mental health: A preliminary study on automating materials development for cognitive bias modification

Hsu, C.-W., Cochrane, M., & Bambarawana, S. (2026) · International Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/00207411.2025.2611527 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Development of a questionnaire for assessing the use of ChatGPT in primary and secondary disease prevention

Angyal, V., Bertalan, Á., Domján, P., Feith, H. J., & Dinya, E. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1709611 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Current Trends, Concerns, and Future Improvements in Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) in Education: A Literature Review

Arista, A., Shuib, L. M., Ismail, M. A., Theresiawati, Niqotaini, Z., & Seta, H. B. (2025) · International Conference on Informatics, Multimedia, Cyber and Information System (ICIMCIS) · doi:10.1109/icimcis68501.2025.11327417 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Large Language Models (LLM) for Emergency Department Triage Based on Vital Signs

Lederer, T. G., Herring, W. C., Ammar, L. A., Abella, B. S., Apakama, D. J., Abbott, E. E., & Shekhar, A. C. (2026) · Emergency Care and Medicine · doi:10.3390/ecm3010009 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

A generatív mesterséges intelligencia használatának vizsgálata a primer és szekunder egészségügyi prevencióban Magyarországon

Angyal, V., Bertalan, Á., Domján, P., Feith, H. J., & Dinya, E. (2026) · Orvosi Hetilap · doi:10.1556/650.2026.33534 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Using Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Evidence Search and Synthesis

Bell, S., Ackerman, M., Buck, J., Frueh, A., Maitland, J., Piotrowski, K., Sokol, M., Tussing, T. E., Zellefrow, C. G., & McNett, M. (2026) · AJN American Journal of Nursing · doi:10.1097/ajn.0000000000000288 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

The application of generative artificial intelligence in the cultivation of scientific research literacy of nursing postgraduates: a scoping review

Ban, J.-J., Qi, H., Wang, N., Guo, H.-M., & Tang, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2026.1789446 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Artificial Intelligence in Nursing Education: A Scoping Review of Academic Perspectives

Hawkins, N., Fagan, A., Coffey, Y., & Dohnt, H. C. (2026) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.70728 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Performance of five large language models in frozen shoulder patient education: a multidimensional evaluation of readability, quality, clinical alignment, and safety

Liang, J., Gui, W., & Li, H. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-66627-6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

The Potential Future With ChatGPT Technology and AI Tools

Israni, R. K. (2024) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-6824-4.ch013 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Inteligencia artificial, ¿un riesgo o un beneficio?

Figueroa, S. F. (2023) · Revista Mexicana de Ortopedia Pediátrica · doi:10.35366/113212

Artificial Intelligence: Revolutionizing the Medicolegal Field

Brigham, C. R., Buttar, W. A., Bucksbaum, M., & Talmage, J. B. (2023) · AMA guides newsletter · doi:10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2023.sepoct01

How artificial intelligence chatbots becomes author’s true friend in medical writing without risking ethical violations

Hamid, A. R. A. H. (2024) · Medical Journal of Indonesia · doi:10.13181/mji.ed.247530

Utilization of ChatGPT in Dental Healthcare

Sirohi, S. (2024) · Academia Journal of Medicine · doi:10.62245/ajm.v7.i1.10

Chatgpt-Assisted Decision-Making: An In-Depth Exploration of the Human-Ai InteractionPreprint

Mustata, M. A., Iliescu, D., Mavriș, E., Jude, C.-R., Bojor, L., Tudorache, P., Cîrdei, A., Hrab, D.-E., Covaci, B., Răpan, I., et al. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4870176

Research on Teaching Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Stenosis Assessment with the Assistant of Artificial Intelligence Software

Wu, J., Zheng, Q., Liu, J., Gong, T., & Jin, L. (2024) · International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence for Education (ISAIE) · doi:10.1145/3700297.3700355

Development and Psychometric Validation of Large Language Model and Artificial Intelligence Enabling and Self-Regulation Tool (LLMAI-ESR 32) for Medical and Health Sciences Students (Preprint)Preprint

Valdez, G. F. D., Alhowaymel, F. M., Abaoud, A. F., Pandaan, R. P. M., & Saeed, A. (2024) · doi:10.2196/preprints.69775

Instructions for authors for large language models: Missing in action!

CASSAI, A. D., Dost, B., Mormando, G., Boscolo, A., & Navalesi, P. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2025.111761

Ethical Concerns About ChatGPT in Healthcare: A Useful Tool or the Tombstone of Original and Reflective Thinking?

Kapsali, M. Z., Livanis, E., Tsalikidis, C., Oikonomou, P., Voultsos, P. P., & Tsaroucha, A. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.54759 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

ChatGPT-generated Tensions in Healthcare: A Literature Review Map for Responsible Use

Bolici, F., Varone, A., & Diana, G. (2024) · Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi di Cassino

CHATGPT AND THE FUTURE OF ACADEMIC INTEGRITY: NAVIGATING CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE ERA OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

(2025) · International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science · doi:10.56726/irjmets66193

ChatGPT in education: possibilities, benefits, challenges, and threats of a controversial tool.

KOGIA, T. (2024) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.19644858

Navigating the AI frontier: Should we fear ChatGPT use in higher education and scientific research? Finding a middle ground through guiding principles and practical applications

Saccenti, D., Buattini, M., Grazioli, S., & Torres, D. (2024) · Possibility Studies & Society · doi:10.1177/27538699241231862 · Cited by 10 · see citing works